Publications of the

BRITISH FIRE PREVENTION COMMITTEE.—No. 54.

Edited by Edwin O. Sachs.

FIRE

TESTS WITH DOORS.

A 2f in. DOOR IN OAK, CONSTRUCTED IN THREE THICKNESSES.

A 21 in. DOOR OF TEAK, CONSTRUCTED IN THREE THICKNESSES.

particulars

OF

EXPERIMENTAL EIRE TESTS.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

London, 1900.

Published at the Offices of THE BRITISH FIRE PREVENTION COMMITTEE

(Founded, 1897— Incorporated, 1899)

1, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall.

go

PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

7WL/0?

it

-sr

cr

ST

& rnv

ss

BRITISH FIRE PREVENTION COMMITTEE!''®^

1.    WHAT IS FIRE PROTECTION. A Study. By Edwin O. Sachs.

2.    AMERICAN OPINIONS on FIRE PREVENTION.

Edward Atkinson and others.

3.    THE PARIS BAZAAR FIRE. APaper, with Illustrations. By Edwin O. Sachs.

4.    THEATRE EXITS. A Paper.

Dakbyshire, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.

5.    NEW YORK FIRE DEPARTMENT. A Paper, with Illustrations. By Hugh Bonner, Chief Officer, New York.

FIRES

A Paper, with Illustrations.

RRl!-RESISTING FLOORS used in LONDON. A Paper, with Illustration. By Frederick Farrow, F.R.I.B.A.

8.    FIRE SERVICE in FACTORIES, WORKS, Etc. A Paper, with Illustrations. By H Sumner.

9.    LESSONS from FIRE and PANIC. A Paper. By Thomas Blashill, F.R.I.B.A., F.S.I., Superindending Architect to the London County Council.

10. HOW TO BUILD FIREPROOF.

By Francis C. Moore, President of the Continental Insurance Co., New York.

TESTS with UNPROTECTED COLUMNS. A Report by the Committee on “ Fire-Proofing” Tests, New York.

12.    THE EFFECT of FIRE. A Report on the Horne Building Fire, Pittsburg, U.S.A., with Fourteen Plates and Illustrations.

13.    THE B.F.P.C. TESTING STATION. Some Descriptive Notes, with Illustrations.

14.    FIRE TESTS with FLOORS. A Floor by the Expanded Metal Co.

15.    CONFLAGRATIONS during the LAST TEN YEARS. A Paper, with Twenty-three Maps. By Charles E. Goad, M.Am.Soc.C.E.

16.    FIRE TESTS with FLOORS. A Floor of Wood Joists filled in with Concrete.

17.    THE TALL BUILDING under TEST of FIRE. A Paper, with Illustrations. By H. de B. Parsons.

18.    FIRE TESTS with FLOORS. A Floor of Solid Wood Beams

19.    FIRE TESTS with CEILINGS. A Ceiling by the Asbestos and Asbestic Co.

20.    FIRE TESTS with GLASS. Three Casements by the British Luxfer Prism Syndicate.

si. FIRE TESTS with FLOORS. A Floor of Steel Joists, filled in with Concrete on Corrugated Iron, with a Suspended Ceiling.

22.    FIRE TESTS with PARTITIONS. A Lath and Plaster Partition ; a Bricked Nogged Partition.

23.    1 IRE TESTS with FLOORS. A Floorby

the Columbian Fireproofing Co., New York. FIRE TESTS with DOORS.    A 2-in.

Solid-framed Teak Door; a i-in. Four-panel Pine Door; a i-in. Four-panel Pine Door.

TESTS with DOORS. A Wood covered with Tinned Steel Plates; an Framed and Panelled Door.

26. FIRE TESTS with DOORS.

Framed Oak Door, with 2-in. Solid Panels; 2-in. FramedTeakDoor, with 2-in. Solid Panel

Abstracts from Papers. By

By Alfred

6. COTTON

AM >

COTTON BALES. By R. H.

7-

AROLD

A Paper.

11. FIRE

24.

25. FIRE Door Iron

A 2-in.

printed by Hazell, Wa'

27.    FIRE TESTS with PARTITIONS. A Match-boarded Partition filled in with Silicate Cotton (Slag Wool) by Messrs. T. Anderson & Son, and Messrs, T. Broadbent & Co.

28.    FIRE TESTS with CEILINGS. A Ceil ing of Silicate Cotton (Slag Wool) by Messrs T. Anderson & Son, and Messrs. T. Broad bent & Co.

29.    FIRE TESTS with GLASS. Three ments glazed by the British Luxfer Prist dicate, Ltd.

30.    FIRE TESTS with GLASS. Five Sky lights glazed by the British Luxfer Prism Syn dicate, Ltd.

FIRE TESTS with GLASS Three Case ments glazed with Wired Glass by Messrs. Pil

Case m Syn

31-

kington Bros.

32.    FIRE TESTS with GLASS. Two Sky lights glazed with Wired Glass by Messrs. Pil kington Bros.

33.    FIRE TESTS wi glazed with J-in.

th GLASS. A Casement Plate Glass; a Casement glazed with 32-oz. Sheet Glass; a Casement glazed with “Lead Lights.”

34.    FIRE TESTS with FLOORS of Steel Joists with Coke Breeze Concrete.

35.    FIRE TESTS with DOORS. A 2-in. Framed Pitch Pine Door with 2-in. Solid Panels ; a 2-in. Framed Deal Door with 2-in. Solid Panels.

36.    FIRE TESTS with TREATED WOOD. “ Non-Flammable ” Wood by the British Non-Flammable Wood Company, Ltd., London. FIRE TESTS with PARTITIONS. A Partition erected by the “Gypsine” Brick Company, Ltd., London and Paris.

FIRE TESTS with FLOORS. A Floor bv the “Gypsine” Brick Co., Ltd., London and Paris.

39. FIRE TESTS with DOORS. A 2-in. Framed Honduras Maho a 2-in. d Panels.

A Floor

37-

3?-

gpny Door with 2-in. Solid Framed Poplar Door with

Panels;

2-in. Soli

40.    FIRE TESTS with DOORS. A 2-in. Framed Austrian Oak Door with 2-inch Solid Panels ; a 2-in. Framed American Walnut Door with 2-in. Solid Panels.

41.    The SAFETY of THEATRE AUDIENCES and the STAGE PERSONNEL against DANGER

Paper. By Wm. Paul

42.    FIRE TESTS with S

43.    FI RE TESTS with PROTECTIVE COVERINGS. Girder Coverings by the “Gypsine” Brick Company, Ltd., London and Paris.

44.    FIRE TESTS with PARTITIONS. A Partition erected by the Mural and Decorations Syndicate, Ltd., London.

45.    FIRE TESTS with and Ceiling by the IV Syndicate, Ltd..

46.    FIRE TESTS with CURTAINS. Two “ by Mr. Rasmus Bugge.

47.    FIRE TESTS Match-hoarded Pa Cotton (Slag Wool) by Messrs. D. Anderson & Son, Ltd., London, and Messrs. J. C. Broad-bent & Co., Ltd., London.

48.    FIRE TESTS with FLOORS. A Floor of Deal Joists and Coke Breeze Concrete.

from FIRE and PANIC. Gerhard.

AFES. A Safe.

FLOORS.

A Floor lural and Decorations

d., London.

FIRE RESISTING Screen-Sail ” Curtains

with PARTITIONS. A trtition filled in with Silicate

BiDlioteka Politechniki Krakowskiej

100000316942

COUNCIL.

President:

Vice-Presidents:

Chairman of the Executive:

EDWIN O. SACHS.

Professor AITCHISON, R.A., Past-Presi- H. GUNDRY, FR.I.BA., President, Dis-dent, Royal Institute of British Architects.    trict Surveyors’ Association.

Professor

Sir WILLIAM H. BAILEY, J.P., Salford, SPENCER HARTY, M.Inst.C.E., City Director, Manchester Ship Canal.    Surveyor, Dublin.

ARCHIBALD BARR, D.Sc., W. H. HUNTER, Chief Engineer, Man-Glasgow University.    Chester Ship Canal Company.

Sir ALEXANDER BINNIE, M.Inst.C.E., Sir HENRY IRVING, D.Lit., Lyceum Engineer to the London County Council; Theatre, President of the Actors’Association. Past President, Incorporated Association of Sir NORMAN LOCKYER, C.B., F.R.S. Municipal and County Engineers.    A. B. MacDONALD, M.Inst.C.E., City

THOMAS BLASHILL, F.R.I.B.A., F.S.I., Engineer, Glasgow, late SuperintendingArchitect London County Sir W. HENRY PREECE, K.C.B., F.R.S., Council; Member of Council, Royal Institute Engineer-in-Chief, General Post Office ; Past-of British Architects.    President, Institution of Civil Engineers;

ARTHUR CATES, F.R.I.B.A., F.S.I., Past President, Institution of Electrical late Surveyor, Crown Estates ; Member of Engineers.

Council and Past Vice-President, Royal JOHN PRICE, M.Inst.C.E., F.S.I., City Institute of British Architects.    Surveyor, Birmingham.

H. H. COLLINS, F.R.I.B.A., F.S.I.,    W. E. RILEY, The Architect, London

District Surveyor Eastern Division City of County Council.

London ; Past President, District Surveyors’ ALEXANDER SIEMENS, M.Inst.C.E., Association.    Past President, Institute of Electrical

Sir W. MARTIN CONWAY, M.A., F.S.A. Engineers.

ALFRED DARBYSHIRE, F.S.A.,    ALEXANDER STENNING, F.R.I.B.A.

F.R.I.B A., Manchester.    | Sir JOHN TAYLOR, K.C.B., H.M. Office

Professor EWING, M.A., F.R.S., Cam- ; of Works, bridge University; Member of Council, Lieut.-Coi.. W. E. M. TOMLINSON, M.P. Institution of Electrical Engineers.    W. P. TRELOAR, J.P., Alderman of the

Major-Generai. E. R. FESTING, C.B., City of London.

F.R.S., Science Department, South Ken- HERBERT BEERBOHM TREE, Her

sington Museum.

Sir DOUGLAS FOX, Past President, Institution Civil Engineers.

Majesty’s Theatre.

ROBERT VIGERS, Past President The Surveyors’ Institution.

Executive:

MAX CLARKE, A.R.I.B.A.

FREDERIC R. FARROW, F.R.I.B.A.

MATT. GARBUTT, A.M.Inst C.E., A.R.I.B.A.

T. E. GATEHOUSE, F.R.S.Ed., A.M.Inst.C.E.

CHARLES E. GOAD, M.Am.Soc.C.E., M.Can.Soc.C.E.

F. HAMMOND, F.R.I.B A., District Surveyor, East Hampstead. ELLIS MARSLAND, District Surveyor, Camberwell.

ROBERT MOND. M.A., F.R.S.Ed., F.C.S.

EDWIN O. SACHS, Architect, F.S.S., Chairman.

EDMUND WOODTHORPE, M.A.,    F.R.I.B.A.,

District Surveyor, Northern Division, City.

Chairman of the Commercial Section :

FREDERIC R. FARROW, F.R.I.B.A.

Solicitors:

WILLIAMSON, HILL and CO.,

13, Sherborne Lane, E.C.

Accountants:

JAMES and EDWARDS,

5, Coleman Street, E.C.

Bankers:

LLOYDS’ BANK, LIMITED,

16, St. James’s Street, S.W.

Resident Engineer :

T. KISSACK.

Assist.-Secretary :

H. S. TAYLOR.

Offices:

1, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall,London, S.W.

OBJECTS OF THE COMMITTEE.

The main objects of the Committee are:—

To direct attention to the urgent need for increased protection of life and property from fire by the adoption of preventive measures.

To use its influence in every direction towards minimising the possibilities and dangers of fire.

To bring together those scientifically interested in the subject of Fire Prevention.

To arrange periodical meetings for the discussion of practical questions bearing on the same.

To establish a reading-room, library and collections for purposes of research, and for supplying recent and authentic information on the subject of Fire Prevention.

To publish from time to time papers specially prepared for the Committee, together with records, extracts and translations.

To undertake such independent investigations and tests of materials, methods and appliances as may be considered advisable.

The Committee’s Reports on Tests with Materials, Methods of Construction, or Appliances are intended solely to state bare facts and occurrences, with tables, diagrams, or illustrations, and they are on no account intended to read as expressions of opinion, criticisms, or comparisons.

NOTE.

In preparing this Report on Oak and Teak Doors, constructed in three thicknesses, there is little to remark beyond saying that it should be read in connection with eports on similar doors by way of comparison.

Attention, however, is called to the construction of the doors with the aid of wood pins, and that the boards were not grooved or tongued, but simply butt-jointed.

EDWIN O. SACHS.

London,

December $ist, 1900.

THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR TESTS.

[MEMORANDUM.)

The purpose of the tests undertaken by the British Fire Prevention Committee is to obtain reliable data as to the exact fire-resistance of the various materials, systems of construction, or appliances used in building practice.

The tests are of an entirely independent character, arranged on scientific lines, but with full consideration for the practical purpose in view. Absolute reliability is assured, records being mostly taken automatically or by photography, and the temperatures being easily regulated by the application of gas.

All reports on tests solely state the bare facts and occurrences, with tables, diagrams and illustrations, and on no account are reports to include expressions of opinion, nor should any expression be read as a comparison or criticism.

The general arrangement and direction of the tests are in the hands of the Executive, who act in accordance with certain principles laid down after careful study and experiment. The official tests are attended by the members of the Council and the members of the Committee in rotation.

As to the Testing Station, it comprises two houses standing in their own grounds near Regent’s Park, and backing on to the Regent’s Canal. The principal building is used for Committee Rooms and laboratory purposes, whilst the gardens are utilised for so-called “ full-size ” tests.

As to the financial aspect of the station, the establishment expenses are being met by a special subscription. As far as the funds of the Committee permit, investigations and experimental tests with ordinary (i.e., not patented) forms of construction are undertaken from time to time and duly reported on. Official tests with patented materials, makers’ systems, etc., etc., are subject to a scale of charges. The Testing Station is also open to members for such private research work or tests they may desire to undertake.

The services of the members participating in the management of the station, conducting or attending tests, are given entirely gratuitously.

For the Executive,

EDWIN O. SACHS, Chairman.

EXPERIMENTAL EIRE TESTS

CONDUCTED BY THE EXECUTIVE

OF THE

British Fire Prevention Committee.

[Founded 1897.—Incorporated 1899.]

FIRE TESTS Ea & Ga.—April, pith, 1900.

(Fa) A 2f in. Door of Oak, constructed in three thicknesses.

(Ga) A 2f in. Door of Teak, constructed in three thicknesses.

OBJECT OF TEST.

To record the effect of a fire of one hour and a quarter, gradually increasing to a temperature of 2,000° Fahr.

Note.—The fire was to be applied from one side, and the doors were to open inwards on to the fire side.

The door-openings were to be approximately 7 ft. by 3 ft.

SUMMARY OF EFFECT.

Oak Door.

In 60 minutes flame came through western corner and glow appeared at bottom of door.

In 67 minutes the boards at each side of centre joint bulged outwards 1^ in. and joint opened.

In 75 minutes opening in the centre widened and flames came through freely; the flames at top of door had extended across the whole width.

Two of the three thicknesses had disappeared, the outer thickness remaining in position.

Teak Door.

In 17 minutes flame appeared at western top corner.

In 36 minutes the flame had extended across two-thirds of top of door.

In 57 minutes glow appeared at bottom of door.

In 75 minutes flames had extended across the whole of the top of door and holes along bottom.

The inner thickness had disappeared; the centre thickness was charred through, but in position ; the outer thickness had about 4 in. at the top burnt away.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TESTING PLANT.

(See Figs A, b, c and n.J

The Testing Chamber used was located at the Committee’s Testing Station, and was known as No. 6 Hut.

The hut was constructed, as shown, of stock bricks with lime mortar, and measured 10 ft. by 10 ft. internally.

The ceiling of the hut was 9 ft., 6 in. above the pavement of the chamber, and was formed of solid wood beams grouted with fire-clay. The chamber measured 10 ft. by 7 ft. 10 in.

A brick wall, 14 in. thick, was built across the hut from east to west, 13 in. to the south of the north wall, and carried up to the ceiling; there were two openings in this, 7 ft. high and 3 ft. 3 in. wide, arched over with brick arches in two half-brick rings, and the spaces between the arches and the frames were filled in with bricks. The wall was built of gauged stuff.

The fuel used was gas produced at the station, and the supply was regulated by valves and dampers.

The gas was admitted through two mixing chambers of fire-brick, as shown.

Two Roberts-Austen pyrometers were used for recording temperatures, to take four observation records from points Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, points Nos. 2 and 3 being outside the doors, and the others on the fire side of the

-

s

- r.V

gp 1! ■ '

-i-<-i

•mv™B

Dr<ju$)k/~ PcCes yv/

7'/7&T'mo Jt/77c/Por7 r

D C3

DD0DD00D0D

mm

Ocction Looking North Dection Looking Cast

SJo C/aspVo ctucer'

Jfo/e Po/rt/s marked /• 2 • 3 ~4² S' are dhermo JhacJ/ons a/Zached & Ce/zres Zeczdmg /o Pyr'ame/e/s 7~ha/~marked d~- /s SeZf reccrdmg

ii

6>Ss erya//h /? /P>Ze

t?J>serr'a//’on Pale

P'rau/c>/?/~ JeZes

TT

T>l

7^-

P/'aug&P S/a/es

! O Qas t>o/~ CtcJpecC or/ha S/<fe-

o (O

cQ o

t-

Dlan of Huy

)lan or Roof-

doors. A continuous record was also taken from point No. 5, on the fire side.

There were observation holes on the east and west walls, closed by moveable iron shutters.

The draught holes were in the east and west walls. The photographs were taken by daylight.

(?///*,

f-|Lj

r Wm

ft,. -

r Wm

.    . 't <uile toedpt -S/rajl ?<£

* ,    . full / bJcXn tjj

TT

®=

X *■

y&-

<k

<r?y......

Tea tv Dock

i ®=

IN 01 EC PlLVATION Of PoOR5 —-

c)ECTION

1034

vs

2.%'

y■'?/*-

. ? : 7/U.

77?%.

V///////A

Jtt'x 3*/>•«»»» ,

__y?/*:

u.Plan \

F«>s. e, f. Details of Doors.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE DOORS, f .SV<? TTyc E and F■)

The door on the east side was of oak, and that on the west side of teak.

The doors were of the same style and constructed in the same manner, being 6 ft. io in. high, by 3 ft. 2p in. wide, and formed of three thicknesses of f-in. boards, between 6 in. and 7 in. wide.

IO

The boards were not grooved or tongued, but simply butt-jointed ; they were secured together by f-in. double wedge-shaped wooden pins of the same material as the doors, driven through the entire thickness of the door, there being about 240 to each door.

cross

The doors were hung with two wrought iron garnett hinges screwed to the doors and frames, nine i-in. screws to each hinge, the doors were also secured on the

mm

ma *Li

ft,. -

it

' .rS

ji

s§s*»«!si»

Oak.

Teak.

Fig. g. View of Doors before Commencement of Test.

outside with four 6-in. iron barrel bolts (two at the top and two at the bottom) to frames of the same material as the doors.

The frames were 4I in. by 3 in., rebated and splayed, as shown in the drawing {Figs. E and f), and were secured to deal plugs driven into the walls.

were

The joints of brick-work all around the frames pointed with mortar.

THE TEST.

(See Figs. 1 to 12, and g to p.)

The

On April nth, 1900, the test was undertaken, following being the log:—

3 p.m., at

the Botanical Gardens, Regent’s Park, read as follows :—

Ihe meteorological observations taken at

mm**

r?

r.i

IrJ

Pi

131? 7 i

I ■

r-M

| ; Tj

fjj

f >    - -

.* ,

,,

tl

Oak.

Teak.

ir4r- N- View Showing Condition of Doors at 5.21 p.m., after the Application of Water.

State of Weather, fair; Wind, W.S.W.; Barometer, 29^52 in.; Attached Thermometer, 53⁰ Fahr.; Dry Bulb, 54⁰ Fahr.; Wet Bulb, 48*5° Fahr. Remarks, Southwesterly wind ; fine afternoon.

The following temperature observations were taken during the test, from points Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, and the diagram below shows the continuous record from point No. 5.

12

Observations taken at Points Nos. i, 2, 3 & 4. From 4.10p.m. to 5.19 p.m.—April nth, 1900.

Inside.

Outside

Time.

4.10 p.m. 4-13 4.16 4.19

,,

yy

4.22

4-25

4.28

4-3i

yy

yy

yy

yy

4.34

yy

4.37

4.40

yy

4-43

4.46

449

4-52

4-55

4-58

5-i

54

5-7

5.10

5-i3

5.16

5-i9

yy

No. 1.

Fahr.

950°

1,200°

1,100°

1,250°

1,250°

P350°

i,35o°

1,320°

1,450°

i,6oo°

1,700°

1,750°

1,710°

i,8oo°

1,800°

i,88o°

1,900°

1,900°

1,940°

i,95o°

1,950°

i,95o°

1,960°

14,00°

No. 4

Fahr.

900°

1,300°

1,150°

1,400°

1.380°

1,460°

1,450°

1,400°

1,520°

i,6oo°

1,710°

i,775°

1,750°

1,800°

i,8oo°

1,880°

1,900°

1,900°

1,940°

i,95o°

1,960°

1,970°

1,980°

1,500°

No. 2.

Fahr.

No. 3.

Fahr.

i75°

250°

I5°° 210° 200° 175° 150° 200° 190° 190° i75° 150° 150° .40° 150° 200° 210° 250° 300° 460° 6oo° 600°

>3

Automatic Record at Point No. 5.

April/ //*<■' 1300 (Pool's.)

15 M IN

I5MIN.

I5MIN.

15 M IN.

I5MIN.

5MIN

NO RECORD

41

JA83 CJ

4 16

4 31

51

Oak Door.

Wednesday, April nth, igoo.

At 4.1 p.m. gas lighted.

Observations from the outside.

ziooFahS

2000

1900

1800

1700

1800

1500

uoo

1300

1200

1100

1000

900

COO

700

600

500

OOO

300

200

100

516    5 21pm*

Teak Door.

At 4.1 p.m. gas lighted.

Observations from the outside.

At 4.7 p.m. smoke came through the joint between top of door and frame.

At 4.20 p.m. moisture exuded along top of door, and also slightly on upper part of west side.

At 4.7 p.m. smoke came through the joint between top of door and frame.

At 4.18 p.m. (17 minutes) flame appeared at western top corner of door. (See Fig. H, 4.22 p.m., and Fig. 3, 4.22 p.m.—21 minutes.)

Oil exuded

14

At 4.30 p.m. moisture exuded also along bottom of door.

At 4.40 p.m. more moisture at top and bottom of door, but not at west side. Smoke issuing from western top corner.

At 4.48 p.m. moisture at bottom and east side of door, and also exuding through pins all over the door. The door had warped away from rebate, § in. at centre of east side, in. at centre of west side.

At 4.30 p.m. flame continued, but not so fiercely as at first, down the west side.

At 4.35 p.m. flame had extended across two-thirds of top of door, and 4 inches down west side. (See Fig⁻. 5, 4.37 p.m.—36 minutes.)

At 4.40 p.m. flame had lessened.

At 4.50 p.m, flames continued to issue from western

(See Figs. 6 and 7,

corner.

4.47 p.m. and 4.52 p.m.)

At 4.57 p.m. one flash of flame appeared below bolt at lower western corner.

At 5.1 p.m. flame first came through top western corner, and glow appeared at bottom of door near eastern corner. (.See Fig. j, 5.1 p.m.—60 minutes, also Fig. 9, 5-2 p.m.)

At 4.58 p.m. glow appeared through centre of bottom of door, and at lower western corner.

At 5.1 p.m. the glow at centre had become stronger, and that at western corner had developed into a hole. (See Fig. j., 5.1 p.m.—60 minutes.)

i5

At 5.8 p.m. flames] at top western corner ; strong glow all along bottom of door.

Five holes appeared down the centre joint of outer thickness, the two centre boards bulging outwards 1^ ins. at centre joint.

At 5.13 p.m. flames had extended half way along top, and also appeared at eastern top corner.

Flame came through parts of centre joint, the three upper holes having extended and joined; the lower two holes in centre joint remaining as a strong glow.

The glow along bottom of door hadbecome stronger. (See Figs. K, 5.10 p.m.—69 minutes; also L, 5.13 p.m. —72 minutes; and Fig. 11, 5.12. p.m.)

At 5.10 p.m. flame at top of door had increased considerably. Both glow spots at bottom had developed into holes. (See Fig. K, 5.10 p.m.—69 minutes; also Fig. 11, 5.12. p.m)

At 5.15 p.m., in addition to the above, a hole had appeared at eastern lower corner. (See Fig. M, 5.16 p.m.—75 minutes ; also Fig. 12, 5.17. p.m.)

w?"-'

I#*

,,

It

ID

Q1

■ , '

»■ -W’ *• :

Si®

*. .V

I EAK.

View Showing Condition of Doors after 6o Minutes.

Oak.

Fig. J-

m-

UN

KjI

41

ff -.

, w.

vl

;T

•.

Sf

Wr«

**:'

*.

A*

-<i

„ «^£:

\ t • •;

#~s

^4.

r ..

Teak.

’ *1

;>•

■4,

ft

Oak.

/'/>. k. View Showing Condition of Doors after 6q Minutes.

HI

...

co

(A

,. v*— ,'^p

-^47 ,,,..1, |U,....i’t...    -4S9

b ; ■•• !    ' ‘ ',:’ *

f .:j

,v;

pr

Teak.

View Showing Condition of Doors after 72 Minutes.

Oak.

Fig. L.

I?

A. -A*.

mi

:'|.i

**>-*• —• ' ;■.'•!

IB i*

.... MJ

■<

li

Oak.

/'>>• m. View Showing Condi” jn of Doors after 75 Minutes.

Teak.

fig

20

At 5.16 p.m. gas shut off.

At 5.16 p.m. opening of centre joint widening, and flames coming through freely. (See Fig. M, 5.16 p.m. — 75 minutes ; also Fig. 12, 5.17. p.m.)

At 5.16 p.m. gas shut off.

At 5.17 p.m. water applied.

At 5.17 p.m. water applied.

y.~$

;

;:’₅ --

ax 1

—r-    1 -

* : "•»    *

' * ' . .

'rntsm

7~ £~ AX

Fig. o. View Showing Condition of the Outside of Doors after Test and Removal.

Observations on the inside.

Observations on the inside.

At 4.7 p.m. door well alight, excepting at eastern alight, excepting at eastern lower corner.

At 4.7 p.m. door well

lower corner.

At 4.12 p.m. blazing all over.

At 4.12 p.m. blazing all over.

Note.—From about 4.10 p.m. to about 4.30 p.m., at intervals, it was noticed that sometimes one door, and sometimes the other, presented a charred black appearance without any sign of ignition ; these intervals were succeeded by times when the doors would become again ignited and covered with flames.

ft

[3]

•>*4

lit

* .-yr*

3    SKftM

4

* EE,

■■■ -

"■

MM

1A*

'M

mm

'i

il

■i U

mi

“A

an*

Fig. p. View Showing Condition of the Inside of Doors afteji Test and Removal.

After about 4.30 p.m. this phenomenon ceased, and both doors appeared to burn continuou: }y on the inside.

22

At 4.30 p.m. burning freely.

At 4.45 p.m. the inner thickness had the appearance of being charred through, but the surface had not begun to disintegrate.

At 4.30 p.m. burning freely.

At 4.45 p.m. the inner thickness appeared to be burnt through, and the charred particles began to curl up.

At 4.48 p.m. charred particles of inner thickness began to fall off.

At 5.0 p.m. some of inner thickness had fallen, but not more than about one half.

At 5.0 p.m. nearly all of inner thickness had disappeared, the centre thickness being much charred, but still retaining its form.

At 5.7 the lower hinge had buckled, the end being detached from door (it fell soon afterwards'.

At 5.7 the lower hinge was quite detached from door.

At 5.10 lower hinge had fallen off.

Note.—The upper hinges of both doors fell off before conclusion of test: the inside of hut was so full of flame that the hinges were not visible after 5.10.

OBSERVATIONS AFTER TEST.

(See Figs, n, o and v.)

Oak Door.

Teak Door.

The whole of the inner

The whole of the inner

thickness had disappeared, thickness had disappeared, centre thickness excepting one small piece had also gone, with the of charred wood on eastern exception of a few pieces (hinge) side, of charred particles on the eastern (hinge) side.

The

The centre thickness was

in position, but was almost entirely charred.

The frame was deeply charred, especially at the head, the sill being not much damaged.

23

The outer thickness re-

The outer thickness was

mained in position, most of practically unharmed exits inner surface being cept for about 4 ins. at the charred, the outer surface top, where flames had being intact, excepting the broken through, and for upper portions of three small holes at eastern boards. (See Figs. O and P.) lower corner, and at centre The frame was deeply of bottom of door. (See charred, especially at the Figs. O and P.) head, the sill being not much damaged.

GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS.

The test was carried out according to the procedure laid down by the Executive for investigations of this description and conducted by a Sub-Committee of the Executive, comprising:—

Mr. Chas. E. Goad, M.Am.Soc.C.E., M.Can.Soc.C.E.

(Directing Member).

Mr. Ellis Marsland, District Surveyor, Camberwell.

Mr. F. Hammond, F.R.I.B.A., District Surveyor.

East Hampstead.

Mr. Thomas Kissack, Resident Engineer at the Testing Station, assisted the Sub-Committee.

The Executive was represented by :—

Mr. Edwin O. Sachs (Chairman).

Mr. Max Clarke, A.R.I.B.A.

Mr. Matt Garbutt, A.M.I.C.E., A.R.I.B.A.

The general body of members was represented by :—

Mr. F. Sizer Capon, Architect’s Department, L.C.C.

Mr. T. Lewis Banks, F.R.I.B.A.

Air. Henry Lea, M.Inst.C.E., M.I.Me h.L., M.I.E.E.

24

Mr. Harold Busbridge, M.S.I. Mr. J. Howard Colls.

Mr. H. H. Ray.

The Fireproof Partition Syndicate was represented by:-

Mr. T. I. Cammell, Mr. H. L. Cunnah, Mr. Howard Payne, Dr. G. S. Street, Mr. George Traill.

The following visitors attended by special invitation of the Executive :—

Mr. P. Stransom, Architect’s Department, L.C.C.; Mr. Robert Robertson, Architect’s Department, L.C.C.; Mr. W. G. Perkins, Architect’s Department, L.C.C. ; Mr. P. G. Kiliick, Vestry Surveyor, Clerkenwell ; Mr. J. Rush Dixon, Vestry Surveyor, Shoreditch ; Mr. W. Bus-bridge ; Mr. W. Buchan.

Signed,

For the Sub-Committee conducting the Test: CHAS. E. GOAD {Directing Member).

For the Commercial Section :

FREDERIC R. FARROW.

For the Executive:

EDWIN O. SACHS {Chairman).

Published by the Committee as directed by the Executive.

H. S. TAYLOR

(Asst. Secretary).

Date—December 31st, 1900.

: .• .

.

V

- ; ■: •

-

cr:

ofc

Ut

»!

Ltocto Odor.

Fic.3. Time 4-39 Temp 1375°

'T^TxIflKf

i|

««

pi

Temp 14.60

«*ll

7+ r <• *• *

*|i

KfA 3.:

Fift.fi. Time 4,55.

•aaOQ a a n 3 n'c'cj

^SL(

f % 'J!

.p?

Temp IIIO”

o Goor.

mm

Fic.2. Time 4.36.

ffj

te

\t£jt

iisi

Fift, 5. Tir-ie 4.52. Temp. 1575

View of Doors during Test. Figs, i /o 6.

c M .

BHHwi

Ucoceo Door.

K'l

l»

V

*■ u

IH

ft

L. ■»»

Fig. I. Time 4,5},    Te«r7/0‘

Prt

•>*■>>

^44al

kmsiiiIiI

Ft a. 4-. Time 4:49. ‘'Temp 1560°