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Fur den Unterricht im Englischen

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Thora Goldschmidts Sprachunterricht auf Grundlage der Anschauung

Bildertafeln für den

Unterricht im Englischen

28 Anschauungsbilder mit erläuterndem Text, Textübungen und einem systematisch geordneten Wörterverzeichnis

von

Thora Goldschmidt

Vierte, verbesserte Auflage

Für die deutschen Sprachgebiete autorisierte Ausgabe

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Ferdinand Hirt & Sohn in Leipzig 1910

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Alle Rechte auf Text und Abbildungen Vorbehalten. Copyright, 1909, by Ferdinand Hirt & Sohn, Leipzig.

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Vorwort.

Durch die schnelle Aufeinanderfolge der Auflagen dieses Buches dürften die Vorzüge meiner Unterrichtsmethode am deutlichsten bewiesen sein. Ihre Eigenart besteht darin, daß die beigegebenen Bilder dem Auge einen wichtigen Dienst als Gedankenvermittler zuweisen, und daß alle Übungen ohne jedwede Anwendung der Muttersprache, also nur in der zu erlernenden Sprache vorgenommen werden. Einen Erfolg meiner Arbeit kann ich auch darin erblicken, daß die namhaftesten Sprachforscher und Schulmänner in ihrem Bestreben, eine Verbesserung des Sprachunterrichts herbeizuführen, denselben Weg eingeschlagen haben.

Ist der übliche Anfangsunterricht im Englischen vorangegangen, so wird die Benutzung meines Buches schnell und sicher zu gutem Erfolge führen; es vermag dann auch für die selbständige Weiterbildung und zur Befestigung und Fortführung des früher Gelernten gute Dienste zu leisten. Die stetig zunehmende Benutzung der Bildertafeln in Instituten und Lehranstalten hat mich veranlaßt, in Nachstehendem in gedrängter Form Fingerzeige zu geben, wie der Unterricht an der Hand meines Lehrbuches fruchtbringend gestaltet werden kann.

Anwendung des Buches.

Die Verfasserin hat sich vorliegendes Buch als Grundlage für englische Gespräche zwischen Lehrer und Schüler oder zwischen zwei oder mehreren Lernenden gedacht. Keineswegs hat sie jedoch beabsichtigt, daß der Text zu jedem Bilde wörtlich angewandt werden soll; derselbe hat nur als sicherer und fester Ausgangspunkt für die Auffassung und Aneignung der Bilder und der Begriffe, zu denen das Bild selbst entweder direkt oder indirekt Veranlassung bietet, zu dienen und außerdem dem Gedächtnis der Schüler zu Hilfe zu kommen. Fragen und Antworten sollen nur in der zu erlernenden Sprache erfolgen.

Beim Überhören, bei Besprechung des Gelernten oder bei schriftlichen Übungen strebe man danach, die zu behandelnden Stoffe mit eigenen Verhältnissen und Beobachtungen in Verbindung zu bringen. Meist ist den Bildern eine möglichst große Anzahl von Vokabeln beigegeben, damit das Buch auch als eine Art Bilderwörterbuch dienen kann. Es liegt aber, wie schon erwähnt, nicht in der Absicht der Verfasserin, daß sämtliche Vokabeln auswendig gelernt werden sollen; jedenfalls darf dies niemals ohne Zusammenhang geschehen.

Dasselbe gilt von dem Wörterverzeichnis im letzten Abschnitt des Buches; die Vokabeln dürfen unter keiner Bedingung zusammenhanglos gelesen werden, der Lehrer muß ihre Bedeutung in zusammenhängender Rede auf englisch erklären und dabei so klare und deutliche Beispiele gebrauchen, daß eine korrekte Auffassung seitens der Schüler gesichert ist. Auch für das Überhören ist zu beachten, daß die richtige Anwendung der Vokabeln in direktem Gespräche, also kein nutzloses Ableiern der Worte in ihrer Reihenfolge stattfindet.

Der englische Text ist von Fräulein Dr. K. Thailing während ihres Aufenthaltes in London ausgearbeitet und freundlichst von Miß Eleanor Lyndon, Assistant Mistress of The North London Collegiate School for Girls, durchgesehen.

Seit der dritten Auflage sind sämtliche Bilder durch neue Zeichnungen ersetzt und in moderner Technik reproduziert worden. Die vorliegende vierte Auflage ist durch zwei neue Bilder erweitert, der Text wurde einer sorgfältigen Revision unterzogen.

Kopenhagen, im Oktober 1909.

Tliora Goldschmidt.

CONTENTS.

Page.

One Thing at a Time. — Numerals. — Coins .    .

The School-Room..........

The Sitting-Room..........

The Dining-Room..........

The Bed-Room...........

The Kitchen............

Tradesmen. — Artisans........

Artisans.............

The House............

The Human Body..........

A Gentleman’s Clothes........

A Lady’s Dress . .    ,.......

Tradesmen. — Artisans........

The Town............

People in the Streets........

The Theatre. The Museum......

The Railway-Station.........

Ships and the Port ..........

The Forest. The Wood.......

Animals.............

A Farm.............

Birds..............

A Garden............

Fishes. — Reptiles. — Crustacea. — Mollusca

Nature.............

Time. — A Studio.........

Artisans. — Tradesmen........

Winter. —- The Hospital. — A Churchyard ...    54

Toys. — Games. — Music........    .

Vocabulary arranged according to the Meaning of the Words............

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12

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16

18

20

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24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

. 46

48

50

52

56

Page.

The School The Family

Words and Expressions used in Housekeeping .    .    59

Expressions and Words used in Business and

Shopping .    ........

The Human Body.........

The Moral Nature of a Human Being .    .

The Earth...........

The State............

The Church...........

The Law............

Politics............

Titles.............

The Army .    .

The Royal Navy

War

Travelling.......

The Forest and the Garden . Expressions used about Animals

A Farm .    .    . •.....

Nature ........

Time.........

The Fine Arts......

Music.........

The Theatre.......

Newspapers.......

Expressions used about Books

Literature.......

Diseases........

Physical Exercise and Games .

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59

61

62

. . 64

65

65

65

66

67

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. 67

68

68

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69

70

71

71

72

72

73

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74

74

74

74

ONE THING AT A TIME.

Work while you work, Play while you play, That is the way To be cheerful and gay.

Whatever you do,

Do with your might; Things done by halves Are never done right.

Moments are useless, When trifled away:

So work while you work, And play while you play.

1 one.

2 two.

3 three.

4    four.

5    five.

6    six.

7    seven.

8    eight.

9    nine.

10    ten.

11    eleven.

12    twelve.

13    thirteen.

14    fourteen.

15    fifteen.

16    sixteen.

17    seventeen.

18    eighteen.

19    nineteen.

20    twenty.

21    twenty-one.

22    twenty-two.

23    twenty-three.

24    twenty-four.

25    twenty-five.

26    twenty-six.

27    twenty-seven.

28    twenty-eight.

29    twenty-nine.

30    thirty.

31    thirty-one.

32    thirty-two.

33    thirty-three.

34    thirty-four.

35    thirty-five.

36    thirty-six.

37    thirty-seven.

38    thirty-eight.

39    thirty-nine.

40    forty.

41    forty-one.

42    forty-two.

43    forty-three.

44    forty-four.

58 fifty-three.

54    fifty-four.

55    fifty-five.

56    fifty-six.

57    fifty-seven.

58    fifty-eight.

59    fifty-nine.

60    sixty.

69    sixty-nine.

70    seventy.

71    seventy-one.

72    seventy-two.

73    seventy-three.

74    seventy-four.

75    seventy-five.

76    seventy-six.

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1.    a halfpenny = ¹/₂ d. 8. a sixpence — 6 d.

2.    a penny — Id.

5.    a two-shilling piece, a florin, 2/-, 2 s.

6.    Half-a-crown, 2/6., 2 s. 6 d.

7.    A sovereign, a pound, £ 1.

Twelve pence go to a shilling, and twenty shillings go to a pound.

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45    forty-five.

46    forty-six.

47    forty-seven.

48    forty-eight.

49    forty-nine.

50    fifty.

51    fifty-one.

52    fifty-two.

61    sixty-one.

62    sixty-two.

63    sixty-three.

64    sixty-four.

65    sixty-five.

66    sixty-six.

67    sixty-seven.

68    sixty-eight.

77    seventy-seven.

78    seventy-eight.

79    seventy-nine.

80    eighty.

81    eighty-one.

82    eighty-two.

83    eigthy-three.

84    eighty-four.

85    eighty-five.

86    eighty-six.

87    eighty-seven.

88    eighty-eight.

89    eighty-nine.

90    ninety.

91    ninety-one.

92    ninety-two.

98 ninety-three.

94    ninety-four.

95    ninety-five.

96    ninety-six.

97    ninety-seven.

98    ninety-eight.

99    ninety-nine.

100    a hundred.

101    a hundred and one.

120 a hundred and

twenty.

131 one hundred and thirty-one.

200 two hundred.

1000 a thousand.

1003 one thousand and three.

1866 eighteen hundred and sixty-six.

1909 nineteen hundred and nine.

355000 three hundred and fifty-five thousand.

1,000000 a million.

2,560000 two millions five hundred and sixty thousand.

THE SCHOOL-ROOM.

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1.    The teacher.

2.    The blackboard.

3.    Figures.

4.    A sponge.

5.    The master’s desk.

6.    A pupil, a school-boy.

7.    A pupil, a school-girl.

8.    A form; a bench.

9.    A desk.

10.    A time-table.

11.    A book-case, bookshelves.

12.    A shelf.

13.    The map of Europe.

14.    A triangle.

15.    A ruler.

16.    A pen, a nib.

17.    A pen-holder.

18.    An ink-pot; an ink-stand.

19.    A book.

20.    A slate.

21.    A slate-pencil.

22.    A piece of string.

23.    An exercise-book; a note-book; a copy-book.

24.    A pencil, a lead-pencil.

25.    A penknife.

26.    The blade of the knife.

27.    A piece of india-rubber.

28.    A pencil-box.

29.    A needle-case

30.    A stiletto.

31.    The stocking.

32.    A knitting-needle.

33.    A ball of wool or cotton.

34.    A work-box.

35.    A satchel.

36.    A pair of scissors.

37.    A thimble.

38.    A reel.

39.    The thread.

40.    A crochet-hook.

41.    A packet of needles, needles.

42.    A paper of pins.

THE SCHOOL-ROOM.

Do you go to school?

Yes, I do, I go there every morning, except Sunday.

What do you learn there?

When I was quite little, I only learned spelling, reading, and writing; but now I learn history, geography, arithmetic, and a great many other things.

Look at this picture of a school-room and tell me what the teacher is doing.

He is standing at ⁵ with a piece of chalk in his hand, and he is writing ³ on ².

What else do you see in the class-room?

There    is ¹⁰ beside ², on    which the    lessons of    the different days are written down,

and on the other    wall there is ¹¹ under ¹³. One    of the ⁶, a    ⁶, is sitting on ⁸ before his ⁹,    writing

in ²³, while another, ⁷, is standing up with a bag in her hand.

What do you do at school during the lessons?

We sit on our ⁸, listening to what our ¹ tells us when he goes through the next lesson or asks us    questions. If we    can answer    them well    we get a good mark; if not,    we get

a bad one or are    kept in detention. They who    prompt their neighbours or fidget, are    put in

the corner or sent out; but it very seldom happens that anybody is so naughty.

What do you use during the writing- and drawing-lessons?

My ¹⁶ and    my    ²⁴, and ²⁷ to rub    out    what is wrong. I have ¹⁵ too to rule the pages of

my ²³    with,    and blotting-paper for blotting    the    ink. When 1 first learned writing I wrote on ²⁰,

but now I only use my ²⁰ during the arithmetic-lessons.

What does a school-girl use when she is sewing?

³⁷, ⁴¹ and    ³⁹;    she cuts ³⁹ with    ³⁶, and then threads the needle, which is often very

difficult    to    do if the    eye    is small. When    she    embroiders she widens the holes with ³⁰; she has

her ⁴¹ in ²⁹, which she keeps in her ³⁴ together with her other sewing-materials.

And what does she use when she knits?

Four ³², ³³, and a pattern-stocking to measure by.

Do you knit at school?

We learned it there, but now that we have done learning, we have to do six rounds a day at home. Every Monday we take our ³¹ to school to show the work we have done to our ¹.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What does the teacher clean the blackboard with?

What do you sharpen your pencil with? And ivith which part of it? Where does a school-boy carry his books when he goes to school?

How is the slate-pencil tied to the slate?

Make short sentences in which the following words are used:

12, 18, 21, 28, 31, 38, 40, 41, 42.

THE HUMBLE-BEE.

“When I was a boy,” said the humble-bee, “I learned my lessons as pat as could be, My nice clean hands were a treat to see, When I was a boy,” said the humble-bee. Jack took a look at the humble-bee.

“But were you ever a boy?” said he.

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1.    The floor.

2.    The walls.

3.    The cornice.

4.    The ceiling

5.    The chandelier.

6.    The curtain-rod.

7.    The curtains.

8.    The window.

9. The window-pane. 10. The pier-glass.

14.    The mother.

15.    A work-table.

16.    The hook-case.

17.    A picture, a painting.

18.    The frame.

19.    The sofa.

20.    A cushion.

21.    A spinning-wheel.

22.    The table.

23.    The table-centre.

11.    A clock, a time-pice. 24. A lamp.

12.    A console-table.

25. A carpet, a rug. 13. A (fancy) flower-pot. 26. A foot-stool.

27.    An easy-chair, an arm

chair.

28.    A secretary, a writing-

table.

29.    A candlestick.

30.    A pot of flowers.

31.    The father.

32.    A photograph.

33.    A bust of Beethoven.

34.    The mirror, the candle-

bracket.

35.    The piano; a cottage

piano.

36.    The music-book.

37.    A child, a little girl.

38.    The music-stool.

39.    A door.

40.    The door-frame; the

lintel.

41.    The stove.

42.    The coal-scuttle.

43.    Coal.

44.    A coal-scoop, a coal-

shovel.

45.    A fire-screen.

The Drawing-Room.

What does a room consist of?

Of ⁴, the four ², and \

What Jcind of room do you see here?

I think it is a sitting-room; ³¹ is writing letters at his ²⁸, and ¹⁴ is busy doing needlework, while their ³⁷ is practising at³⁵; it is getting dark, and ¹⁴ has sat down before her ¹⁵ at 8 so as to see better.

How many doors and windows do you see in this room?

Near ³⁵ I see ³⁹, which must be opened and shut when one goes into the room or out of it; and there are two ⁸ to let in the light.

What do you see on the    floor in    front of the sofa?

There is ²⁵, on which ²²    with ²⁴    is standing. Under ²² I see    ²⁶,    which    the    person

who sits in ²⁷ can put his feet on, if he wants to keep them warm.

Do you spend your evenings in the sitting-room?

We generally do.

What does the room look like when you are sitting there at night?

When it is cold we have a fire in ⁴¹ to warm the room; ²⁴ on ²² is lighted, and ⁷ are drawn.    We sit round ²², and Father    reads to    us from one of the books in    ¹⁶,    or    Mother    plays ³⁵

for us    to dance to. When we have a party,    we light ⁵ and the caudles at³⁵ and    in    ³⁴ next to ³³.

But if    the party is a grand one we    use the    drawing-room as well.

Do people use stoves in England?

No, they have chimneys and open fire-places with fenders round them.

What do you do when you light a fire?

First I light some paper and shavings, and when it burns brightly I put on some chips and at last the ⁴³.

Where do you get the coal from?

I get it out of ⁴² with ⁴⁴ — If the fire burns low and looks as if it were (was) going out, I stir it with the poker to make it blaze; but there is a saying that you must not poke the fire, unless you have known the lady of the house for seven years.

Do you know what a poker, a coal-scoop, and a pair of tongs are called?

Yes, they are called a set of fire-irons.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What do you see on the wall above the sofa?

What is the name of the thing you put before the stove, when the fire is burning too fiercely?

What do you see on the sofa?

What is hanging beside the window below the bust of Beethoven?

What are the squares of glass in the windows called?

What is standing on the floor beside the sofa?

Have you gas or electric light at home?

When was it laid on? (instcdled, put in.)

What do you move when you turn off or on the electric light? (the switch.) Have you a grand piano or a cottage piano at home?

What time is it by the clock you see here?

Make short sentences containing the following words: 3, 13, 18, 28, 29, 36, 38, 40.

THE DINING-ROOM.

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1.    The table-cloth.

2.    The tureen, the soup-tureen.

3.    The tureen-cover.

4.    A soup-ladle.

5.    The cruet-stand.

6.    The salt-cellar.

7.    A napkin-ring.

8.    The glass, the wineglass.

9.    The wine-bottle.

10. The cork.

11.    A spoon, a table-spoon.

12.    A plate, a soup-plate.

13.    A dinner-napkin, a serviette.

14.    A fork.

15.    A knife.

16.    The nut-crackers.

17.    The corkscrew.

18.    A mat.

19.    The bread-basket.

20.    The bell, a hand-bell.

21.    The sideboard.

22.    A sauce-tureen.

23.    The dish with the joint.

24.    A tray.

25.    The sugar-basin.

26.    The cream-jug.

27.    A cup and saucer.

28.    A tea-spoon, a coffee-spoon.

29.    A wine-cooler.

30.    A goblet; a tumbler.

31.    The coffee-pot.

32.    The tea-pot.

38. A tea-urn.

34.    The gentleman, the master of the house.

35.    The lady, the mistress of the house.

36.    The window-frame.

37.    The window-sill.

38.    The wainscot.

39.    A hanging-lamp;

a suspension-lamp.

40.    The lamp-shade.

41.    The chimney.

THE DINING-ROOM.

What does this picture represent?

A dining-room; the table is laid, and the family is (are) dining.

How many places are there at the table?

Only two, one for ³⁴ and one for ³⁵.

What belongs to each place?

¹², ¹⁵ and 14 n, and ¹³ with ⁷ to roll it up in.

What are the lady and the gentleman dining on?

On soup and a joint of meat; ² is still on the table, and ³⁴ is eating his soup, but ³⁵ has finished. When he has had enough ³⁵ will ring ²⁰ for the housemaid to take away the soup and put on the meat, which you see on ²¹.    %

What will the gentleman do if he wants some wine?

He will take ¹⁰ out of ⁹ and pour the wdne into his ⁸. If ⁹ is unopened he must uncork it with ¹⁷, before he can pour out the wine.

What is the use of the other things you see on the table?

There is bread in ¹⁹ beside ²⁰ and salt in ⁶. There are different things such as: vinegar, mustard, oil, and pepper in ⁵. ¹⁶ are used for cracking walnuts and hazel-nuts.

Do people use bread-baskets in England?

Ho, they have wooden platters, upon which they cut the bread at table.

Do they take all their meals in the dining-room?

They breakfast, dine, and have supper there; but they generally have afternoon-tea in the drawing-room, sitting round the fire when it is cold.

What do you see to the right on the sideboard?

²⁴ with ²⁷, ²⁵, and ²⁶ on it; after dinner ³⁴ will drink a cup of coffee with sugar and cream in it, while he is smoking his cigar.

How does your mother make tea or coffee?

She puts the tea or coffee into ³² or ³¹, and pours boiling water on it.

Is it ready then?

Ho, it cannot be drunk at once, but must be left for three or four minutes to draw; sometimes a cosy is put on the pot to keep it warm while it is drawing.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What is the first thing you put on the table when you lay it?

What does the lady help the soup with?

Why is the tureen-cover on the tureen?

What different sorts of spoons do you know of?

What does a window consist of?

Tell me the names of the different parts of a hanging-lamp?

What is the wood called which covers the lower part of the wall?

What do you see on the sideboard beside the dish with the joint on it?

Do you like your coffee to be strong or weak?

With what sorts of food do you eat vinegar? mustard? pepper? salt?

What will happen when the lady rings the bell?

Why is the soup steaming?

What do you do with your knife when you eat? with your spoon? your fork?

uDon’t get up in that chair with your feet, Teddy.” “But Mother, I can’t take them off.”

THE BED-ROOM.

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11.    The water-jug.

12.    The soap.

13.    The sponge.

14.    A towel.

15.    The towel-rack; the towel-horse.

16.    A comb.

17.    A brush.

18.    The hand-glass.

19.    A tooth-brush.

20.    A button-hook.

1.    The bed.

2.    The sheet.

3.    The blanket; a quilt.

4.    An eiderdown.

5.    The pillow.

6.    The mattress.

7.    The coimterpane.

8.    The bed-room mat, the rag.

9.    The wash-stand.

10. The basin.

21.    A shoe-horn.

22.    A wardrobe.

23.    A night-table.

24.    A water-bottle.

25.    A tumbler.

26.    The toilet-table.

27.    The looking-glass.

28.    A blind.

29.    The chest of drawers.

30.    A drawer.

31.    A candlestick.

32.    A candle-ring.

33.    The candle.

34.    The wick of the candle.

35.    An extinguisher.

36.    A match-box.

37.    A cradle; a cot.

38.    Rockers.

39.    The curtains, the hangings.

40.    A (baby’s) feeding-bottle.

41.    A bootjack.

Does anybody call you in the morning?

Yes, the bell rings at half past seven, and then I have to get up at once to be ready

for breakfast at eight.

What do you do when you have got up?

I pour the water into ¹⁰, wash myself with ¹³ and some ¹², and wipe myself with u. I clean my hands with a nail-brush and my teeth with ¹⁹. Then I do my hair and put on my dress.

What do you use tvhen you do your hair?

¹⁷ and    1G; while    I am doing it I generally    stand in front of ²⁷    on ²⁶, so that 1 can

see how    it    looks;    if I want    to see the back of my head when I    have put    up my hair, I use ¹⁸.

Hoiv do you make a bed?

I take off all the bed-clothes, shake them, spread them over chairs to air them, and turn up    ⁶. When    they are    aired, I turn ⁶ over and    spread the    bottom ²,    not leaving a single

fold. Then    I put    on ⁵, the    top ² and ³, and lastly I    fold down    the top ²    over ³ and spread ⁷

over it all.

How many beds are there in this room?

There are two ¹ and ³⁷, in which Baby is sleeping with his ⁴⁰. There are ³⁸ on the ³⁷ and ³⁹ over one end of it.

What else do you see in the bed-room?

²⁵ on it. the sun.

Close to ¹ with ⁷ on it there is ²² to keep dresses in, and beside it ²³ with ²⁴ and There are curtains at the window and ²⁸, which has been pulled down to keep out On ²⁹ in front of the window I see ³¹ and 3G.

How do you light a candle?

I strike a match on the side of the 3G, and when it burns up properly I light³⁴ with it. How do you put it out?

I either blow it out or put it out witli ³⁵.

Do the English use a towel-rack like the one you see in this picture?

No, they have a towel-horse, upon which they hang the towels.

QUESTIONS AND EXEKCISES.

What are the water-jug and the — At what time do

What do you use when you pull off your boots? — What do you use when you put on your shoes? — What do you button your boots with? soap-dish standing on? — The towel and the sponge are hanging on you go to bed, and at what time do you get up? — Are you an early or a late riser? — Can you wake up by yourself in the morning? — Why do you sleep under an eiderdown in the winter and under a blanket in the summer? — What is there in the chest of drawers? — Why has the blind been pulled down? — When do you use the tumbler and the water-bottle?

Compose short sentences in which the following words are used:

8, 20, 80, 32.

Early in the morning,

As soon as Tommy wakes, On with socks and slippers, Then a bath he takes. Summer time and winter, Both to him the same;

Soap and sponge and water, What a jolly game!

Clean and fresh and merry, Quickly in his clothes, Glowing like a cherry To his glass he goes, Combing, parting, brushing, Till his hair is neat;

Then to silence hushing, Prayer does make complete.

THE KITCHEN.

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1.    The kitchen-range, a cooking-stove.

2.    The oven.

3.    The kitchen-hatchet.

4.    A pair of tongs.

5.    The sauce-pan.

6.    A kettle.

7.    The flat iron.

8.    The pot.

9.    The lid, the lid of the

10.    A cook.

11.    The sieve.

12.    A frying-pan.

13.    A tea-cloth; a duster.

14.    The kitchen-knife, the meat-knife.

15.    The dust-pan.

16.    A broom.

17.    The gas-burner, the gas-bracket.

18.    A scoop.

19.    A dish-cloth.

20.    The water-pipe.

21.    The tap.

22.    The sink.

23.    The dust-pail; an ash-bucket.

24.    A tub, a washing-tub.

25.    An egg-cup.

26.    An egg.

27.    A fish-slice; a skimmer.

28.    A funnel.

29.    The chopper.

30.    The rolling-pin.

31.    The paste-board; the chopping-board.

32.    A mortar.

33.    The pestle.

34.    A basin, a bowl.

35.    The plate-rack; the dresser.

36.    A meat-plate.

37.    A soup-plate.

38.    A jar.

39.    A market-basket.

40.    The handle.

41.    A grater, a nutmeg-grater.

42.    A mould.

43.    The kitchen-table; the dresser.

44.    The chopping-block.

45.    A clothes-basket.

46.    The ironing-board.

THE KITCHEN.

Who(m) do you see in this Jcitchen, and ivhat is she doing?

¹⁰. She is standing before ¹ stirring the food in ⁸ with a ladle, and she has ⁹ in

her hand.

Why has sh& taken off the lid of the pot?

The food in ⁸ seems to be very hot as it is steaming. 1 think she has taken off⁹ and is stirring the stuff to prevent it from boiling over.

Of what use are the other things you see on the kitchen-range?

Standing beside ⁸ there is ⁶, in which ¹⁰ boils water if she wants some for tea and coffee, or to wash up the crockery and the silver with. She uses ⁵ with the long handle to make sauce or to boil ²⁶ in, and ⁷ in front of the ⁶ to iron with.

Where does she iron?

On ⁴⁶, which I see to the right in this kitchen. There is ⁴⁵ standing on the floor with mangled clothes in it, which ¹⁰ is going to iron when dinner is over.

What does the cook do ivith the crockery and the silver when she has trashed it up?

She wipes it with ¹³. There is one hanging on the string above ¹ to be dried in the warm air, and another in the corner beside the ¹², which might be a duster, however, and then it would be used to dust things with.

What do you see leaning against the kitchen-range?

There are ⁴ and ³, with which ¹⁰ chops the shavings and chips on ⁴⁴

Where does she wash up the pots and plates?

At ²², where she can get as much water as she Avants by turning ²¹ of ²⁰.

What do you see on the kitchen-table to the right of the sink?

An ²⁶ in ²⁵, ³⁸, and a big ³⁹ with a large ⁴⁰. ¹⁰ uses the latter Avhen she goes

out shopping.

Can you tell me the use of the different things you see hanging on the wall beside

the plate-rack?

and beside

Next to the window there is ²⁷, with Avhich you can take fish out of it is ²⁸, Avhich you use when you want to pour something into a bottle. You mince meat with ²⁹, and you use ³¹ and ³⁰ Avhen you make pastry.

What is a cook’s work?

She cooks the food, washes up the dishes and kitchen things Avhen she has used them, and lights the fire and keeps it burning. On Saturdays, she cleans up and tidies everything. Then she scrubs ³⁵ and ⁴³ and cleans the AvindoAvs that they may be nice and bright for Sunday.

What is the name of the thing you see to the left on the little shelf above the kitchen-table? It is ³², in which you pound biscuits and similar things with ³³.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What is hanging on the wall to the right of the kitchen-range?

What does the cook use when she sweeps the floor?

What is hanging on the wall below the plate-rack?

What sort of plates do you see in the top row of the plate-rack?

In what does the cook collect all the sweepings when she has swept the kitchen? What has been done to the clothes in the basket on the floor?

Have the starched clothes also been mangled?

Make short sentences in Avhich the folioAving words are used: 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19, 24, 34, 37.

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18.    Brown bread. (Black bread).

A Confectioner's Shop.

19.    The confectioner.

20.    Cakes.

21.    A tart.

22.    A cake made of macaroon paste.

23.    Jelly, jelly-mould.

A Butcher's Shop.

24.    The butcher.

25.    The butcher’s boy.

26.    Forcemeat, stuffing.

27.    A calf’s head.

28.    Meat.

A Pork-Butcher's Shop.

29.    The pork-butcher.

30.    Cheese.

31.    A cheese-cover.

32.    A sausage.

33.    A goose; pi. geese.

34.    Ham.

35.    Bacon, a side of bacon, a flitch of bacon.

36.    A salt-barrel.

A Grocer’s Shop.

37.    A grocer.

38.    A sugar-bag.

39.    The counter.

40.    A paper bag.

41.    A spoon, a scoop.

42.    The scales.

43.    A cook; a housemaid.

44.    A canister.

45.    A sugar-loaf.

46.    Wine.

47.    Liqueur.

48.    Chocolate.

49.    The brewer.

50.    A brewer’s dray.

51.    A barrel, a beer-barrel.

52.    The bung-hole.

53.    The tap.

54.    An ironmonger.

55.    A customer.

56.    A spade.

57.    A hanging lamp. (A lantern.)

58.    A screen.

59.    A jewelller; a goldsmith; a silver-smith.

60.    Orders.

61.    Jewels.

What do you see in the top row of this picture?

¹ with ⁴ round it; ⁵ is standing in front of it beside some ⁶, which are full of meal

or flour.

How is a wind-mill moved?

By the wind; ² are covered with ³, and when the wind blows on them, they turn round and make the mill-stone inside work, so that the corn is ground into meal or flour.

Who makes bread?

⁷. He kneads the flour with water or milk    and    yeast;    then he leaves it    to    rise,    and

when    it    is    well risen, he makes it up into loaves and    puts    it into    ¹⁴ to be baked.

What do you see in the bakery in this picture?

⁷ himself is just putting ¹² of loaves into ¹⁴    while his ⁸    is standing behind    ¹⁰,    kneading

some    ⁹    There are loaves of ¹⁷ and ¹⁸ on ¹⁶ on the wall.

Does the baker sell cakes?

Yes, sometimes; but if you want the nicer sorts you must go to 19,s; there you can also get all kinds of sweets.

What kinds of cakes do you see in the confectioner’s shop here?

¹⁹ is cutting a large cake, which looks like ²¹; beside it there are some smaller 20 and on the shelf behind some ²³.

Where does your mother buy the meat for the family?

At ²⁴’s, who sells all sorts of ²⁸: veal, beef, mutton, pork, and lamb, sometimes also ²⁶

Where can you get prepared meat?

At ²⁹’s, who in England generally only sells pork, smoked ³⁵, ³⁴ and ³².

Who(m) do you see next to the pork-butcher?

³⁷; he is weighing flour or sugar on ⁴², and he is putting some into ⁴⁰ with ⁴¹.    ⁴³ in

front of ³⁹ is going to buy whatever is in ⁴⁰.

Who makes beer?

⁴⁹, who brews it from malt and hops. AVhen first the beer is made, it is kept in ⁵¹; afterwards it is drawn off into bottles, which must be carefully corked, or else the beer will soon get sour and stale.

What sort of tradesman do you see to the right of the brewer?

⁵⁴; he sells ⁵⁶, ⁵⁷, ⁵⁸, and many other things made of iron and tin.

What is the man whom you see beloiv the grocer’s shop?

⁵⁹; he is standing in front of an open cupboard, rearranging some broodies which he has been showing to ⁵⁵. He sells ⁶⁰ and different kinds of ⁶¹, mounted in gold and silver.

QUESTIONS AYE EXERCISES.

Describe the butcher's shop.

What do you see under the ham in the same shop?

What is the name of a brewer’s cart?

The hole you make in a beer-barrel when you broach it to tap the beer, is called What do you put into this hole?

yourself?

Do you think that the stuff" the grocer is weighing, is granulated sugar or loaf sugar? Do you buy ground coffee? Or do you buy whole coffee and roast and grind it

What different jeiuels [precious stones] do you know, and what colours are they? (rubies, emeralds, sapphires, diamonds.)

Make short sentences containing the following words: 11, 13, 15, 22, 28, 39, 43, 46, 47, 48.

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1.    A carpenter.

2.    An axe, a hatchet.

3.    A beam.

4.    A block, a trestle.

5.    A mallet.

6.    The chips.

7.    A bricklayer; a mason.

8.    Bricks.

9.    A trowel.

10.    A wall.

11.    Mortar.

12.    A tub.

13.    A bricklayer’s hammer.

14.    A scaffolding.

15.    A house-painter.

16.    The paint.

17.    A pot.

18.    Brushes.

19.    The joiner, the cabinetmaker.

20.    A bench, a joiner’s bench.

21.    A saw.

22.    The teeth of the saw.

23.    The plane.

24.    The shavings.

25.    A chisel.

26.    A gimlet.

27.    A glazier.

28.    A pane.

29.    A window-frame.

30.    An inch-rule, a foot-rule.

31.    Putty.

32.    The glass.

33.    A tin-smith, a plumber.

34.    A blouse.

35.    A pipe.

36.    The joint of the pipe.

37.    A soldering-iron.

38.    A tin pail.

39.    Tin.

40.    The tin-shears.

41.    A brazier.

42.    The smoke.

43.    A road-mender, a pavior.

44.    A hammer.

45.    A paving-stone.

46.    A sabot.

47.    A stool.

48.    The paving-beetle.

49.    A blacksmith.

50.    The anvil.

51.    A pair of tongs.

52.    A piece of iron.

53.    A nail.

54.    A horse-shoe.

55.    A screw.

56.    The furnace.

57.    The fire.

58.    The bellows.

59.    A coppersmith.

60.    A cauldron.

61.    A kettle.

62.    A stool, a three-legged stool.

ARTISANS.

THE TOWN.

ANIMALS.

ARTISANS. - TRADESMEN.

Grocery.

THE CHURCH.

Fishes.

Chess.

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2.    The arms; the sails.

3.    Sail-cloth.

4.    A gallery.

5.    The miller.

6.    A sack.

A Bakery.

7.    The baker.

8.    The baker’s apprentice.

9.    Dough.

10.    The kneading-trough.

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12.    A baking-tin, a baking-sheet.

13.    The mouth of the oven.

14.    The oven.

15.    A flat basket.

16.    The shelves.

17.    Withe bread.

ARTISANS.

What is the first man in this picture, and ivhat can you tell me about him?

He is x; he is cutting ³, which is resting on ⁴; as he works ⁶ fall down on to the ground around him.

What sort of tool must he use, if he wants to cut the beam in two?

If he wants to cut .the ³ in two, he must use ²¹.

Do you see one in this picture?

Yes, ¹⁹ has one; but he is not using it now. He is planing a piece of wood, and on the floor before him I see ²⁴, which have come out of ²³ after having been cut off by it.

For ivhat does he use the tools which are hanging on the wall?

He uses the little thing to the right to bore small holes with, and the big one to the left for chipping the wood. The former is ²⁶ and the latter ²⁵.

What do you see to the right of the carpenter?

⁷, who is standing on ¹⁴, building ¹⁰. He is making the ¹⁰ of ⁸, of which he has one in his hand, and n, which he spreads on the ⁸ with ⁹.

What is the man next to the bricklayer?

¹⁵, who is painting ¹⁰. He has ¹⁶ in ¹⁷ in his hand, and he paints with different kinds of ¹⁸, some of which are standing in a small ¹² beside him.

Who(m) do you see to the right of the joiner?

²⁷, who is putting ²⁸ into ²⁹. He cuts ³² with a diamond, and when he has put it into the ²⁹ he tightens it with ³¹ to make it firm. When we have broken ²⁸ we have to go to him to get it replaced.

What is the man below the painter doing?

He is soldering ³⁵ with ³⁷. There is a burning ⁴¹ standing beside him, in which he has been melting the lead. He is ³³.

What is the tool called which is lying on the floor beside him, and which looks like

a pair of scissors?

That is a pair of ⁴⁰ with which he cuts the ³⁹, just as we cut paper with scissors. What do you see in the bottom row of this picture?

To the left there is ⁴³, who is hammering down ⁴⁵ with 44 Does he always do it with a hammer?

I think he is going to make ⁵⁴ of it. The third man is ⁵⁹, who

No, sometimes he uses ⁴⁸ in front of him. — In the middle I see ⁴⁹, hammering ⁵², which he is holding on ⁵⁰ with ⁵¹. is working at ⁶⁰.

What will the blacksmith do if the fire burns down?

Oh, then he only has to blow ⁵⁸ behind him to make it blaze up again.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What is lying on the floor in the smithy?

What are the sharp points of a saw called? — What is the carpenter cutting the beam with? — On what is the plane standing? — What does the glazier measure the panes with? — What do you call the place where a pipe is bent? — Who whitewashes the ceilings when they have become black and dirty? — Hoiv can the glazier cut the glass? — Hoiv can the joiner make the wood smooth? — How does the bricklayer make the bricks stick together? — Hoiv can you get a kettle repaired if there is a hole in it? — Which part of the house does the slater make?

Compose short sentences in which the following words are used: 13, 34, 38, 42, 46, 47, 56, 61.

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18.    The gate, the gateway. 28. The landing.

19.    A pump.

20.    The yard.

21.    A gate-post.

22.    The loft.

I. A cellar; the underground storey, the basement storey.

II. The ground-floor.

III.    The entresol.

IV.    The first (second) floor.

V. The top storey.

1.    The chimney-pot.

2.    The roof, a slate-roof. 8. The roof, a tiled-roof.

4. A garret window, the

attics.

5.    The gutter.

6.    The water-pipe.

7.    A window.

8.    The window-pane.

9.    The Venetian blinds, the Venetian shutters.

10.    The shutters.

11.    The wall.

12.    A square stone, a freestone.

13.    Bricks, the brick.

14.    The hall-door, the street-door.

15.    A brass-plate, a doorplate.

16.    The door-steps.

17.    A bell.

23.    A beam.

24.    A gas-burner, a gasbracket.

25. The landlord.

26.    The gentleman;

a lodger; a tenant.

27.    The ba(n)nisters.

29. The stairs, a flight of stairs.

30.    The steps.

31.    A lock.

32.    The door-handle.

33.    The key.

THE HOUSE.

Do houses in London look like houses in Berlin?

Not very much. English houses are generally narrower and lower than German ones; because in London people often take a whole house, while in Berlin they live in flats.

How many storeys are there in a house like that?

Oh, that differs; sometimes four and sometimes five.

How does a family use these storeys?

In ¹ they have the kitchen, and on ¹¹ the dining-room and often the drawing-room, or the sitting-room, if they have one. The bed-rooms are upstairs on IV, and in ⁴ the servants sleep.

Are the sitting-room and the drawing-room used in a different way?

Yes, you are in the sitting-room before dinner, and you do your work there, sew, and practise, and read. You hardly ever do any real work in the drawing-room; you are there when you are at leisure. You play (at) cards and other games, receive visitors, and have music there.

What rent must he paid for a house like that?

The rent is about £ 150 a year or even more for houses of a moderate size. As far as I remember, Mr. Thomson, who took a house at Chelsea, had to pay £ 160 a year; but then the house had recently been repaired. It had been painted inside and outside, all ⁵ and 6 were new, and ² had been put on within the last year. Behind the house there was a small20 and a nice little garden.

Was the inside also nicely done up?

Yes, extremely well decorated. ²⁹ were easy to mount, because ³⁰ were low and broad; ²⁷ were prettily carved, and all the rooms light and large.

Was there a door-knocker?

No, but there was ¹⁷, and as Mr. Thomson wanted to have a knocker, ²⁵ promised

to have one put on ¹⁴.

Look at this picture of a house, and tell me what you know about the two men on the right. The man who has opened the door and is showing ²⁶ into the room, is ²⁵. The other person is a gentleman who has come to see the house. The landlord is recommending it to him and wants him to take it.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What do you call a man who takes a house? ■— Tell me the names of the two different    sorts of roof you    see here? — What    do you put before the windows    at night? —

What is    nailed to the hall-door here? — Tell    me what you see behind the windows on the

second floor? — What do you turn when you shut a door? — And what when you lock it? — By what is the roof you see here supported? — What is the part of the house called inhere you see some clothes being dried? — Through what does the water run down from the gutter? — Where is    the landlord? —    Through what are    carriages driven into the yard?    — How can

people get    to the top storey    of a house without    walking? (a lift.) — How can    all the rooms

in a house be heated at the same time? (central heating.J — What is the name of the open space in front of an English house which gives light and air to the underground storey? (the area.) — Have you a bath-room at home with hot-water supply? — What are the high English houses called in which people live in flats? (mansions.) — Ls there anybody in those mansions to whom you can apply if you want to know where anybody lives? (the porter.)

Make short sentences containing the following words:

4, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17, 20, 25, 28, 35.

THE HUMAN BODY.

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17.    The ham.

18.    The calf.

II. The Head.

19.    The hair.

20.    The forehead.

21.    The temple.

22.    The eyebrow.

23.    The eyelid.

24.    The eyelashes.

25.    The eye.

26.    The nose.

27.    Moustaches, the mou- 40. The big toe.

28.    The chin.

29.    A pointed beard.

30.    The ear.

31.    The cheeks.

[stäche. 41. The instep. 42. The ankle.

VI.

I. The Body.

1.    The face.

2.    The neck.

3.    The throat.

4.    The collar-bone.

5.    The shoulder.

6.    The armpit.

7.    The arm.

8.    The elbow.

9.    The chest, the breast.

10.    The side, the ribs.

11.    The abdomen; the stomach.

12.    The hip.

13.    The leg.

14.    The thigh.

15.    The knee.

16.    The knee-cab.

III. The Hand.

32.    A finger.

33.    A nail.

34.    The thumb.

35.    The first finger, the forefinger.

36.    A joint.

37.    A knuckle.

38.    The wrist.

IV. The foot.

39. The toes.

43.    The heel.

44.    The sole of the foot.

V. The Mouth.

45.    A lip, the lips.

46.    The teeth; a tooth.

47.    The tongue.

48.    The nostrils.

49.    The veins.

50.    The arteries, an artery.

51.    The lungs.

52.    The heart.

53.    The larynx.

54.    The windpipe, the trachea.

VII.

55.    The skull.

56.    The brain.

57.    The back of the head.

58.    A nerve.

THE HUMAN BODY.

What does the human body consist of?

Of the head, the limbs, and the trunk?

What are the names of the different parts of the trunk?

At the back is the spine, and in front ⁹ and n. By ² the trunk is joined to the head.

What can you tell me about the limbs?

The upper limbs consist of ⁷ and the hands. The joint between ⁷ and the body is ⁵, and the place where ⁷ is bent is ⁸. The upper part of ¹³ is called ¹⁴ We bend our legs at ¹⁵, and below that is the shin in front, and ¹⁸ behind.

Describe a human head to me.

The top of the head or the crown, is, together with the back of the head, covered with ¹⁹. In front is ²⁰, and on both sides are ²¹ and ³¹. Below the forehead are ²⁵, which are protected by ²³. The prominent part between ³¹ is ²⁶. Below that are the mouth and ²⁸, and behind the cheeks ³⁰.

What do you call the hair-fringes on the eyelids and the lines of hair above the eyes? ²⁴ and ²²; the former protect the eyes by preventing dust and dirt from getting in. Of what use are the eyes, and what can you do ivith them?

They are the organs of sight. We can open and shut our ²⁵ by means of ²³; wrhen we shut them very quickly and open them again immediately, we blink. When we weep the tears come from our ²⁵.

You see a man’s head in this picture; what can you tell me about it?

His ¹⁹ is curly and parted on one side; he has ²⁷ and ²⁹ on his ²⁸.

What do you see in this picture of a hand?

38

the back of the hand, and the five    ³². The horny    things which cover    the finger-

ends on one side are ³³. In contrast to the other    ³², ³⁴ has but two 3G, and it is    the    most    useful

of them all, because it can be put against the others, and one cannot grasp anything without it.

What do you tread with when you walk?

With ⁴⁴, ⁴³, and ³⁹.

What can you do with your nose and your mouth?

I smell with my ²⁶ and breathe through it by drawing the air in through ⁴⁸. With my mouth I speak and eat, and I can also breathe through it.

What do you see of the mouth when    it is shut?

Only the exterior part: the upper ⁴⁵    and the under    ⁴⁵. Inside are    ⁴⁶,    with    which

we bite and chew the food we eat, and ⁴⁷.

Do you know the names of the two pipes you have in your throat?

Yes; there is the gullet, through which the food I have swallowed goes into my n, and ⁵⁴ by which the air I have breathed is carried into ⁵¹.

What are the lungs like?

They are two sponge-like bodies, in which the blood is oxidized.

How does the blood get to the lungs?

⁵² drives it there through ⁴⁹. After having been oxidized it runs back to ⁵², which drives it out into the body through ⁵⁰.

Where do all the nerves start from?

From ⁵⁶, which is protected by ⁵⁵. The ⁵⁶ is the seat of all our intellectual faculties.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

Where is the food digested? (the stomach, the intestines.)

When do tve say that a person is deaf, deaf-mute fdeaf- and -dumb], blind, bald? What do you feel, smell, taste, see, hear with?

What is the difference between the thumb and the other fingers?

A GENTLEMAN’S CLOTHES.

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1.    A top-hat.

2.    An overcoat.

3.    A morning-coat.

(A frock-coat.)

4.    The trousers.

5.    A walking-stick.

6.    A pair of gloves.

7.    An evening-coat, a dress-coat.

8.    A sleeve.

9.    A coat-tail.

10.    A fur overcoat.

11.    The coat-collar.

12.    The cuff.

13.    A dressing-gown.

14.    A button.

15.    A buttonhole.

16.    A girdle, the strings.

17.    A tassel.

18.    The drawers, a pair of drawers.

19.    A slipper.

20.    A boot.

21.    A boot-tab.

22.    The heel.

23.    The sole.

24.    The upper leather, the vamp.

25.    The toe-cap.

26.    A spat.

27.    A sock.

28.    A stocking.

29.    The leg of the stocking.

30.    A shirt, an evening-shirt.

31.    The shirt-front.

32.    A shooting-jacket, a shooting-coat.

33.    The pocket.

34.    A waistcoat.

35.    The collar.

36.    An ulster, a mackintosh.

37.    A pair of braces, braces.

38.    A necktie.

39.    A cigar-case.

40.    A snuff-box.

41.    A razor.

42.    A shoe.

43.    A lace, a shoe-lace.

44.    A stock, a necktie

45.    A collar.

46.    A cuff.

47.    A cigar-holder

48.    A pipe.

49.    An umbrella.

50.    An ash-tray.

51.    A cigar.

52.    A pocket-book.

53.    A purse.

54.    A watch.

55.    A watch-chain.

56.    A round hat, a billycock (hat), a bowler (hat).

57.    The brim of the hat.

58.    A straw hat.

59.    The crown of the hat.

60.    A pair of eye-glasses, (pince-nez).

61.    A pair of spectacles.

A GENTLEMAN’S CLOTHES.

You see a gentleman in this picture; what is he dressed in?

He has ² on and under it ³. His ⁴ are so long that I can hardly see whether he wears ⁴² or ²⁰. He has ¹ on his head, and under his morning-coat ³⁴ and ³⁰, of which I see very little. Under his ⁴ he has ¹⁸ and ²⁷ or ²⁸.

What has he got in his hands?

⁶ in his right hand, and in the other his ⁵.

What does a gentleman wear out-of-doors?

When it is very cold he puts on ¹⁰ and a fur cap; when it rains he wears ³⁶, and in nice warm weather he has nothing on but his in-door clothes, or only a light ².

With what do gentlemen keep up their trousers?

With ³⁷, which they wear over their shoulders. There are ¹⁵ in ³⁷, so that they can

be buttoned on to ⁴

What do gentlemen wear for evening-parties?

They put on ⁷ and a white ³⁸ when they go to evening-parties or dances.

In what is your father dressed in the morning?

He sometimes enjoys his breakfast and his morning-⁴⁸ in his ¹³ and ¹⁹, but as soon as they are over he puts on his ³ and ²⁰.

What do you do when you put on your boots?

If they are elastic-side ²⁰ I put them on by pulling ²¹. Otherwise I do them up with ⁴³, or button them with a button-hook.

Describe the waistcoat you see here.

to it; it has a broad ³⁵ round the neck, six ¹⁴ and three ³³.

Why have gentlemen so many pockets?

I think because they want to have so many things about them: ³⁹ for their ⁵¹, ⁵² for their notes, a match-box, and ⁵³ for their money. In their waistcoat pocket they generally have their ⁵⁴.

There are no

What have gentlemen to do if they do not wish to grow a beard?

Then they have to shave themselves every day. ⁴¹, with which they do it, must be very sharp so as to cut off the hair easily.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What must you not forget to take with you in case of rain?

What are the names of the different parts of a hat?

What do people ivear when they are short-sighted or have weak eyes?

With what is the dressing-gown you see here tied?

What is the difference between a sock and a stocking?

What does a gentleman put his cigar into when it is getting too short?

What are the long narrow pieces at the back of an evening-coat ccdled?

Can you tell me the names of the different parts of a boot?

Are the trousers in this picture striped or self-coloured?

What sort of stuff is the shirt made of? (linen.)

What is made of water-proof stuff?

What is the overcoat to the left of the umbrella trimmed ivith?

his hands?

Can you see whether it is kid-gloves or wash-leather gloves the gentleman has in

What size (of gloves) do you take?

Make short sentences containing the following words: 11, 12, 17, 29, 31, 32, 40, 44, 50, 55, 56.

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1.    A dress.

2.    The bodice.

3.    The skirt.

4.    A comb, a back-comb.

5.    Feathers; an aigret(te). 20. The lace, the embroi-

21.    A cap.

22.    The eye.

23.    The hook.

16. A (pocket) handkerchief. 31. A bonnet.

32.    A veil.

33.    The bonnet-strings.

34.    A bow.

17.    A dressing-jacket.

18.    The embroidery.

19.    An apron.

6.    An ear-ring.

7.    A brooch.

[dery.

8.    A fan.

9.    A parasol, a sunshade.

10.    A cape.

11.    A fringe.

12.    A bracelet.

13.    A shawl.

14.    A jewel-case.

15.    A necklace.

46.    A pair of stays; corset(s).

47.    A glove.

48.    Hair-pins.

49.    A riding-habit.

35. A cloak, an opera cloak. 50. A riding-whip, a horsewhip.

51.    A stand-up collar.

52.    A tucker, a frill.

36. A belt.

37.    A buckle.

38.    A shoe.

24.    A ring.

25.    A coat.

26.    The sleeve.

27.    A boa.

28.    The muff.

29.    A coat; an ulster.

30.    A jacket.

39. A galosh(e), a galoche. 53. A straw hat.

54.    A cap, a turban hat, a toque.

55.    A petticoat bodice.

56.    A woollen vest.

40. A boot.

41.    A garter.

42.    A stocking.

43.    A pair of drawers.

44.    A chemise.

45.    A mitten, a mitt.

57.    A petticoat.

58.    The strings.

A LADY’S DRESS.

What do you see in this picture?

All sorts of women’s clothes, and in the middle of the picture a handsomely dressed lady. What can you tell me about her dress?

26

has puff top of her head with ⁴ and ⁵.

What does a lady use when she does her hair?

A brush and comb, and ⁴⁸. When she does it she generally has ¹⁷ on to protect

It is an evening-dress. The ³ is trimmed with velvet and has a short train. The 2 and a square neck. She has ⁴⁷ on and ⁸ in her hand. Her hair is raised on the

her dress.

What do ladies put on, when they go for a walk in the summer?

A little light ³⁰ or ¹⁰, trimmed with ¹¹ or ²⁰, ¹³, or nothing at all.

What different kinds of hats do ladies wear?

Elderly and married ladies generally have ³¹. In winter you see a good many with fur ⁵⁴ and in summer, at the seaside for instance, they wear light ⁵³ with large brims to shade them from the sun. I see ³¹ here, which is trimmed with flowers; there is ³² on it, and ³³ are tied in ³⁴ under the chin.

What are a woman’s under-garments?

Under her dress-² she has ⁵⁵, ⁴⁶, ⁴⁴ and sometimes ⁵⁶; under her ³ she has ⁵⁷ and ⁴³.

What are you going to put on to-day, Mildred?

It is rather difficult to know what to wear in this changeable spring weather. I think my winter ²⁵ will do best.

Oh no, it is indeed too warm for that. You had better take your light ²⁹, and perhaps, on account of your sore throat, your ²⁷. I hope you know that it is very wet under foot, and that you will not forget your ³⁹. But why have you taken your ²⁸ ?

Because my hands are always cold, and it is so convenient to have one's ¹⁶ in one’s ²⁸. AVill you please help me with my ²⁹ ? The neck of it is so tight that I cannot fasten it myself.

Yes, ²² is a little too small for ²³; there, now it is hooked.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What has the lady here in her ears and round her neck?

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into the neck of a dress? — What do ladies keep up their stockings with? — What is the lady to the left dressed in, and what has she got in her hand? — When your hat is not large enough to shade you from the sun, you put up your ...? What do ladies wear in the morning, before they do their hair? (a morning-goivn.) — What is the petticoat here to be tied with? — What different patterns can the stuff of a dress be? (striped, chequered, self-coloured.) — Is the lady’s evening-dress a dark or a light colour? — Do you see the frame of the sunshade here? — What sort of stuff is it covered with? (silk, cotton, satin.) — What can an evening-dress be trimmed ivith? (velvet, plush, silk, lace.) — What can the sticks of a fan be made of? (mother-of-pearl, tortoise-shell, ivory, ebony.) — Has this shoe a high or a low heel? — What precious stones do you know of?

BEWARE.

Behind the door there hangs a glass, Which Mary often has to pass; Sometimes she lingers there a while, To view herself with pleasant smile. Ha, ha, Miss Mary! have a care.

A looking-glass can be a snare. Beware! Beware!

TRADESMEN. — ARTISANS.

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50.    The skirt.

51.    The hatter.

52.    A block.

53.    A hat-box.

54.    A silk hat.

55.    A felt hat.

56.    A saddler,

■ an upholsterer.

57.    An easy-chair, an arm-chair.

58.    A dummy horse.

59.    The harness.

60.    The bit.

61.    A saddle.

62.    A stirrup.

63.    A whip.

64.    The reins.

1.    A cooper.

2.    A leather apron.

3.    A barrel.

4.    A stave.

5.    A hoop.

6.    A turner.

7.    The turning-lathe.

8.    An axle.

9.    A strap, a wheel-band.

10.    A wheel.

11.    An axle.

12.    The treadle.

13.    The leg of a table.

14.    A watch-maker.

15.    A magnifying glass.

16.    A pair of tweezers, pincers.

17.    A watch.

18.    An alarm-clock, an alarum.

19.    A chimney-piece clock.

20.    A hall-clock.

21.    A kitchen-clock.

22.    A pendulum.

23.    The weight.

24. A dyer.

24. Yarn.

26.    A stick.

27.    A dyeing-vat, a vat.

28.    A trestle.

29.    A copper cauldron.

30.    The steam.

31.    The water-tap, the tap.

32.    A weaver.

33.    The loom.

34.    The warp.

35.    The weaver’s shuttle.

36.    A driving-belt.

37.    A cog-wheel.

38.    The tailor.

39.    A tailor’s iron, a goose.

40.    A reel.

41.    The work.

42.    A pair of shears.

43.    The thread.

44.    The needle.

45.    The gas, the gasbracket.

46.    The globe.

47.    A sempstress, a needlewoman; a dressmaker.

48.    The sewing-machine.

TRADESMEN. — ARTISANS.

What is the first artisan you see in this picture?

He is ¹; lie makes ³ and tubs of wood. He cuts up the wood into ⁴, and joins them with ⁵ to make ³ of them. When he works he wears ² like a carpenter.

Who(m) do you see next to the cooper?

⁶, standing at his ⁷, which he moves by working ¹². The two ¹⁰ on the lathe are connected by a ⁹, which makes them go round together.

Have you got a watch?

Yes, I bought one last Monday at S. Turner’s, whom I know personally. When I arrived at his shop he was sitting at his work-table with ¹⁵ before his eyes, examining ¹⁷, which he was going to clean. But he put it down at once and got up to show me his stock.

Did you see anything nice?

I saw a great many different ¹⁷, a pretty little ²¹, which only had to be wound up every three weeks, some extremely cheap ²⁰, and a cuckoo-clock. I think he is a very clever 14 Describe the middle roiv of this picture.

38

To the left there is ²⁴ dyeing ²⁵ in his ²⁷, and beside him ³², standing at his ³³. farthest to the right, is sitting on his table, sewing, with his legs crossed under him. He is sitting close to ⁴⁵ so as to see better.

What do you see on the loom?

There are two ³⁷, working one upon the other. ³⁴ has been put on, and ³² is putting in the woof with his ³⁵.

Where do people buy dresses?

Gentlemen get their clothes at ³⁸’s; ladies have to go to ⁴⁷.

Do you see any dressmaker here?

Yes, I see one in the bottom row. She is working on ⁴⁹ of a dress, while ⁵⁰ is hanging on the wall behind her and seems to be finished. She is not using ⁴⁸ on the table before her now, as she cannot do all kinds of work with it. Such things as finishing off sleeves, or sewing on buttons, must be done by hand.

Who(m) do you see to the right of the dressmaker?

⁵¹, who is shaping a hat on ⁵². The last man is upholstering ⁵⁷, and behind him I see ⁶¹, ⁶³, and different sorts of leather goods. I think he is ⁵⁶ and an upholsterer as well.

What sort of work does an upholsterer do?

One can get chairs stuffed and cushions and foot-stools mounted by him; he puts down carpets, hangs up curtains, and arranges draperies.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What do you call the bar ivhich goes through the centre of a wheel? — What does a watch-maker use when he pints in and takes out the ivheels of a watch? — What is the name of the clock ivhich is used to wake people up in the morning? — On what does the dyer dry his yarn after it has been dyed? — What do you see on the tailor’s table? — What different sorts of hats has the hatter in his shop? — What regulates the movement of a clock? — Does your watch lose or gain? — Is it fast or stoic? — How many minutes? — When do put it on? — When do you put it back? — When do you regulate it? — What clock do you set it by? — What do you do with your watch if the spring is broken, or if there is anything else the matter with the works? — What is the tailor serving with? — What do you see behind the saddler?

Make short sentences containing the following words: 13, 19, 23, 26, 29, 30, 31, 41, 46, 53, 60, 62.

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1.    The street.

2.    Asphalt.

3.    The pavement.

(American: the side- 17. The chauffeur, walk.)

4.    Curbstones; flags.

5.    The gutter.

6.    The corner.

7.    An electric-light standard.

8.    An electric lamp; an arc-lamp.

9.    A seat.

10.    A viaduct; an elevated railway, a high-level railway.

11.    The train.

12.    The stairs; the steps.

13.    A tree.

14.    A    man. | p    i    31.    The luggage.    47.    A (bi)cychst.

15.    A    woman./ eoP e-    32.    A carriage; a cab.    48.    A (bi)cycle.

16.    A    motor-bus.    33.    A nurse.    49.    The handle-bar.

34.    A perambulator.    50.    The tyre.

35.    The newspaper-stall; a kiosk.

36.    The (news)paper. 53. A hansom-cab.

37.    An advertising- 54. The driver, pillar.

38.    An advertise-

18.    A dog.

19.    A restaurant

51.    A little boy.

52.    A fruit-stall.

20.    A waiter.

21.    Customers, people.

22.    An awning; a sun-blind.

23.    A(n) hotel.

24.    A balcony.

25.    The sign-board.

26.    A coat-of-arms.

27.    The entrance; the hall-door.

28.    The hall-porter.

29.    The hotel - porter. 45. A clergyman. 46. A tricycle-cart.

ment; a bill.

39.    A gentleman.

40.    A lady.

41.    A little girl.

42.    The policeman.

43.    A pillar-box.

44.    An nndergradu- 59. A shop, ate; a student.

63.    A post-office; the General Post-Office.

64.    The Koyal Palace.

65.    A square.

66.    The quay.

67.    A bridge.

68.    The balustrade, the parapet.

69.    A canal.

70.    An equestrian statue.

71.    A dome; a cupola.

72.    The Museum of Pine Arts.

55.    The horse.

56.    A shadow; the shade.

57.    The dustman; a crossing-sweeper.

58.    People; passers- 73. The University. 74. A fountain.

by.

30. A visitor.

60.    A theatre.

61.    The Exchange.

62.    The Townhall.

75.    A cathedral, a church.

76.    A tower.

77.    A spire.

THE TOWN.

In the background of this picture we see n, running on ¹⁰ that goes across b The railway has been built up in the air, because the traffic i§ too great for it to cross the b There are not many ⁵⁸ and ³² just now. It    seems to    be    in the middle of a very hot    summer-day,

because ²² of the shop-windows have    been put    up,    and because ²¹ are sitting on    the ³ outside

the restaurant, a quite unusual thing in English towns.

¹⁶ is coming down ¹ at a very quick rate, and is going to turn to the left. ⁴², who wants to prevent a collision between    it and ⁵³,    has    held up his hand to stop the latter. We

hope that the little ¹⁸ in the middle    of ¹ will    not    be run over. ⁵³ and ¹⁶ are    not the nly

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34

sorts of vehicles we see in the picture. To the right there are

with the hood put up to shelter the baby in it from the sun. Outside ²³ there stands ³², which resembles a French fiacre.

DIALOGUE.

How do you do, Mr. Robinson?

Quite well, thank you, Mrs. Snowdon. I did not know you were in town. And you have brought one of your daughters?

Yes, this is my youngest girl, Emily.

How do you do, Emily? Welcome to town! Have you been to see any of the sights?

We have done the ⁷², ⁶⁴ and some of ⁷⁵.

You have not seen the new ⁶² yet?

Ho, and we have not been to any of ⁶⁰ either. — Rut I am afraid we must leave you. We are to meet my eldest son after his lecture at the University.

Your son is ⁴⁴ already?

He is; he passed his entrance-examination last summer.

What ²³ are you staying at?

At the Palace Hotel.

I do hope you will come and see us while you are here. If you do not call in a few days I shall come and fetch you.

You need not do that, as I shall come very soon. Please, remember me very kindly to Mrs. Robinson. Good-bye, Mr. Robinson!

Good-bye, Mrs. Snowdon.

WHAT ONE HAS TO DO AND SAY.

What do you do when you get to a(n) ²³?

I say to 28, “Have you a room vacant? On which floor? What is the price?”

What do you do    when    you want something at a restaurant?

I say, “20!” and    when    he comes I say, for instance, “A cup of    tea    and a    roll-and-butter,    please ?”    or,

“A glass of ginger-beer and some plum-cake, please!”

What do you do    when    he has brought what you have ordered?

I say, “How much is it?” and when he has made out the bill I    pay    it,    and    give him    some    extra money

as a tip or gratuity.

What do you say when you want to buy a ³⁶ at ³⁵ ?

I say, for instance, “The Daily News, please! How much?”

What do you say to ⁴² when you do not know your way?

I say, for instance, “Please, can you tell me the shortest way to ⁶³ ?” or, “Am I to turn to the right

to get to the Tower?“

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

Where is the gentleman posting his letter? Who is sitting on the bench by the perambulator? Do you think she has sat down there because she is tired and wants to rest, or because she likes to look at people? Why is the young man with the books under his arm hurrying across the street? Who is siveeping the street? Who(m) do you see sitting on the seat round the electric-light standard? Where does the clergyman preach on Sundays? Where do the merchants meet? Where does the mayor of the town preside? What do you cross when you want to get to the other side of the canal? Which of the carriages that you see here are moving, and which are standing still? What do you do when your bicycle-tyres are too soft? (I blow them up with a bicycle-pump.) What else may happen to your tyres? (to explode, to puncture.) Where is justice administered? (the law-courts.) Who lives in the palace? (the king, the queen, the princes, the princesses.) Where can you read the play-bills of the theatres? Where are the places of worship? Where are the works of art exhibited? Where do you go to fetch letters to be called for fposte-restante letters]? (the General Post-Office.)

PEOPLE IN THE STREETS.

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29.    The envelope.

30.    A seal, sealing-wax.

31.    The stamp.

37.    The fish-woman.

38.    A tub.

39.    The fisherman.

32.    The fireman.

33.    The (steam) fire-engine.

34.    The fruit-woman.

35.    An umbrella.

36.    A hand-cart, a barrow.

1.    An officer.

2.    A cap.

3.    An epaulet.

4.    A uniform.

5.    A sword.

6.    A soldier; a sentry.

7.    A cap, (a shako).

8.    A rifle, a gun.

9.    The butt-end.

10.    The sentry-box.

11.    A tent.

12.    A gun, a cannon.

13.    A sailor.

14.    A sailor-cap.

15.    The blouse.

16.    A ship.

17. Tbe port.

18. An organ-grinder; an old soldier.

19.    A cap.

20.    A street-organ.

21.    The handle.

22.    The policeman.

23.    A helmet.

24.    The porter.

25.    A parcel.

26.    A street-boy, a street-

arab.

27.    A postman.

28.    A letter.

40.    The flower-woman.

41.    Flowers and vegetables.

42.    The knife-grinder.

43.    The grindstone.

44.    The chimney-sweeper.

45.    A broom, a brush.

46.    A ladder.

47.    The dustman.

48.    A barrow.

49.    A machine street-

sweeper.

50.    The refuse; the

sweepings.

PEOPLE IN THE STREETS.

What do you see at the top of this picture?

⁶ on guard, presenting arms to x, who is passing him. There is ¹² on its carnage close by, and in the background I see two 1X. The man in ¹⁵ who is walking past ¹⁰ with his hands in his pockets, is ¹³, who has come ashore from one of the ¹⁶ in ¹⁷ outside. Farthest to the right ä poor cripple, an old soldier, who has lost one of his legs in the war, is grinding ²⁰.

What can you tell me about the three persons you see beloiv the soldier?

²⁶    has hidden himself behind ²⁴, so that ²² cannot see him. He is very naughty; he is putting out his tongue at ²², and is making a long nose at him.

What is the man to the right of the street-boy?

²⁷    with ²⁸, which he is going to deliver.

What do you do when you send off a letter?

When I have written it and put it into ²⁹, 1 fasten it up, address it, and put on ³¹. Then I post it at the post-office, or in a pillar-box in the street. All the ²⁸ I receive are brought to me by ²⁷.

What do you see farthest to the right in the second row?

Some ³² on a ³³, which is drawn by two horses. There has been a call, and the sooner they can get to the place the better.

Can you buy flowers in the streets?

Yes, I can get them at ³⁴’s, though sometimes she has not got any, as fruit and sweets are her regular trade; but at ⁴°’s I shall be sure to get some. They are often very pretty, and much cheaper than in the shops. ³⁴ has her things on a small ³⁶, which she can drag herself.

What do you think that the man and the woman in the middle are talking of?

Of the fish, I think. ³⁹ has just caught them, and ³⁷ is going to sell them. Perhaps they do not agree about the price.

Hoic can she keep the fish alive?

Oh, she has ³⁸ of water to put them in; she sells them by the pound, and when you buy them she weighs them on a steelyard.

Who(m) do you take your knives and scissors to when you want them to be ground?

To ⁴², who sharpens them on his ⁴³.

Who cleans our chimneys?

⁴⁴. He has a circular ⁴⁵ fixed to a long, jointed rod, which he pushes up the chimney to sweep the soot off the sides.

Who removes the mud from the streets?

⁴⁷. He takes away all the ⁵⁰.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What do you call the military dress of an officer or a soldier? Do soldiers always die when they are wounded? Does the sentry belong to the army or to the navy? How many kinds of soldiers do you know? (infantry or foot, cavalry or horse, artillery, engineers.) Is there any conscription in England? (voluntary service.) Are we having war or peace now? When was our last ivar? Were we victorious or were we defeated? Do you remember any decisive battles in that rear? What does the organ-grinder hold in his hand when he is grinding his organ? What have the soldier and the officer on their heads? What is the name of the broad end of a rifle? What is used when a gun is fired off? (gun-powder, shot, a bullet, a cap.) What do you do in case of fire? (give the alarm [break the glass-box] at the fire-alarm or at the station.) What is the postage for an inland, a foreign letter ? (a penny, twopence halfpenny, a twopenny halfpenny stamp.) How do you address a letter to a married lady V to an unmarried lady ? to a gentleman? to a young lady staying with somebody ? (Mrs.. .,} Miss ..., A. D. Smith Esq., Miss... clo (care of) Mrs.,.) What do you use ivhen you send money through the post? (a postal order or a money - order.) Do you draw money or do you pay it when you send it off? Is the person ivho ivrites the letter the sender or the receiver? How can you communicate with people that are far off ? (telegraph, telephone.) What do you ask for when you want to telegraph? (a telegraph-form)

Make short sentences containing the following words:

3, 5, 19, 23, 25, 35, 36, 46.

THE THEATRE. THE MUSEUM.

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14.    The orchestra.

15.    The conductor of the 33. The foyer; the vestibule.

34. The bar, the refreshment-

room.

behind the scenes; in 28. A ticket-collector, operas he sits in a box 29. A ticket, on the front of the stage.) 80. A programme.

31.    The cloak-room.

32.    The cloak-room attendant.

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1.    The auditorium.

2.    The audience, the spectators.

3.    The stage.

4.    The curtain.

5.    The proscenium.

6.    The foreground, the front of the stage.

7.    The background, the back of the stage.

8.    The side-scenes.

9.    An actor; a singer.

10.    An actress; a singer.

11.    A chorus-singer; the chorus.

12.    The prompter’s box. (In England the prompter generally sits to the right

orchestra.

16.    The baton.

17.    A musician.

18.    The stalls.

19.    The pit.

20.    A box.

21.    The dress-circle.

22.    A box. The royal box.

23.    The upper circle; the gallery.

24.    The chandelier.

25.    A globe.

26.    A pillar.

27.    The exit. “Way Out.”

The Museum.

1.    An attendant, a custodian.

2.    A catalogue.

3.    Tourists, visitors.

4.    An opera-glass.

5.    A glass-case.

6.    A manuscript, an M. S. (papyrus, parchment.)

7.    A vase; a bowl.

8.    A chalice; a goblet.

9.    The frame.

THE THEATRE. — A MUSEUM.

Lohengrin, the famous opera, is being performed, and ⁴ has just risen upon the first

scene of the first act.

On ³ to the left ¹⁰ is kneeling before ⁹, while ¹¹ are singing in the background. 15 has lifted both arms and is beating time with his ¹⁶, which ¹⁷ are watching with great attention. They have their music on stands in front of them. The house is not full; the third row in 18 is empty, the stage-box has not been taken, and there are only very few people in ²¹ and ²³. Two persons are late, a gentleman, who has left his things in ³¹ and is paying ³², and a lady, who has just been buying ³⁰. ²⁸ has opened the door, and she is showing her ticket to him, so that he may point out her seat. ² seem to follow the performance with great interest; the tenor has just finished a recitative, it has been a great success, and people are applauding loudly. During the intervals between the acts ² sometimes leave their seats to take a walk in ³³, or to take some sort of refreshment at ³⁴

DIALOGUES.

At the Box-Office of the Theatre.

Gentleman: Can you show me the list of plays for next week?

Booking-cleric: The same play is being given every night.

Gentleman: Can I have three tickets for the pit for to-morrow night?

Booking-clerk: You cannot book seats for the pit or the gallery. If you want to go to the pit, you must wait at the entrance till the doors open.

Gentleman: At what time is that?

Booking-clerk: Doors open at 7.30, half an hour before the play begins, but you had better be here at seven, as there is a great run on the play. You can book all the more expensive seats, the dress-circle, for instance.

Gentleman: Have you any plan of the theatre, so that I could see where the seats are?

Booking-clerk-. This is the plan. How would you like these seats in the middle of the first row in the stalls? Or would you prefer seats at the side?

Gentleman: I think these are all right; I will take them all.

AT THE MUSEUM.

Tourist: How much is it to-day for admission?

Attendant: To-day is a free day. Only Monday and Wednesday are pay-days.

Tourist: How much am I to pay for my umbrella?

Attendant: You can leave it in the cloak-room. There is no charge.

Tourist: AYhere can I buy catalogues and photographs? — Is there any guide or interpreter? •—

Which way am I to go to find the bust of

? Thank you.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What are the different kinds of dramatic art? (tragedy, comedy, farce, burlesque; opera, operetta; ballet.) — Who composes dramatic works? (authors, composers, librettists.) — What different sorts of voices do you know? (tenor, bass, baritone; soprano, alto, contralto.) — What do you do when you learn (to play) the piano or singing? (scales, c, d, e, f, g, a, b; do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, do: to practise, exercises; to play (sing) by heart; to play (sing) at sight; to play correctly, to sing false; to have an ear for music, musical; to have a good touch (in playing), to sing in tune. — What qualities must a good actor have? (A well-modulated voice, good elocution, a distinct pronunciation; a good carriage; facial play; taste, style; imagination, passion, enthusiasm, inspiration; to be a genius.) — What happens when the play is a success, a failure? (to applaud, to call the actors before the curtain, tremendous applause; to hiss.)

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29.    The glass roof. 45. The harness.

30.    Smoke.

31.    Steam.

32.    Telegraph-wire.

33.    The time-table

board.

16.    The ticket-col-

lector.

17.    The newspaper-

boy.

18.    A paper.

19.    The booking-office.

20.    The luggage-office. 34. The entrance-hall. 50. The springs. 35. A letter-box.

59. The back (conductors) platform.

47. A shaft, (for two 60. A tram, a tram-car, a tramway-car.

61.    The conductor.

62.    The hell.

68. The rails.

46. The bit.

horses: a pole).

48.    The horse.

49.    A horse-shoe.

21.    The porter.

22.    The luggage-ticket. 36. The steps.

(In England: a label.)

23.    A box; a trank.

24.    A rug.

25.    A hat-box.

37.    A basket-box.

38.    A cab.

39.    The hood.

40.    The lamp.

41.    The driver’s box.

51. The carriage-step. 64. The pavement. (American : side-walk.)

65. The refuge, the island.

52. A wheel.

26.    A bag.

27.    A clock.

28.    An electric-lamp,

an arc-lamp.

53.    The spokes.

54.    The axle.

55.    The omnibus. 66. The policeman.

56.    The front fdriv- 67. A hotel-porter, er’s) platform. 68. A lamp-post.

42. The cabman, the 57. The outside,    69. A motor-car.

70. The chauffeur.

coachman.

“outside“.

43.    A whip.

44.    The reins.

58. The inside, “in- 71. The motor-engine, side“.

72. A pneumatic tyre.

THE RAILWAY- STATION.

(At home.) “It is time to get ³⁸, Annie; be quick; it is twenty minutes past four, and ¹

leaves at five.”

Here it is, sir; is this ²³ ready?”

“Yes, sir; I’ll just whistle for one.

“Yes, it is; will you put it on the ³⁸.” (To ⁴².) “Victoria Station. A shilling-fare, isn't it?” “Eighteenpence, sir, and twopence for ²³.”

“Well, I must be there at five minutes to five; I hope it is not too late?” “All right, sir; there’s plenty of time. Gee up!”

(At the station. ²¹ comes.) “Where do you want your ²³ labelled for, sir?” “For Brighton; will you see to it while I take my ¹⁵.” — (At 1⁹.) “Brighton, third, return; what is the fare?” “Six and six.”

“The first on your right, sir.” — (The ²* comes.) “Your

“Which is ¹⁰ for Brighton:

²³ is labelled, sir, and put into the van.” “Thank you, there’s something for you.”

“Halloo! Who is this? William! It is very kind of you to come and say good-bye to me. Can you find a nice third-class smoking-⁴? I think I had better get in at once.”

“Oh, there is plenty of time; but still it is safer to be in ⁴.”

(At 4.) “Here is one;

please, let me hand you your ²⁴ your ²⁶, and ²⁵. Have you to change before you get to Brighton?”

“Ho, I think we go straight through. At least 1 hope so.” “There is ⁹ coming to shut the ⁵. Will you have ⁶ down?“

“Never mind. I can do it better from inside.”

“Now ¹¹ is waving his flag and whistling. Good-bye! When are you coming back?” “In a week I think; good-bye.”

What one has to do and say.

you say to the ⁴²: “What is the fare to Gower

38

1. AVhen buying a ¹⁵ you say, for instance, “Third class, single,, to Edinburgh.” “Can yon change a sovereign? Thank you!” 2. When the train stops at the station, you get out and say to the ²¹: “Please, help me to get my luggage out of the van? I have a ²⁶, a ²³, and a ¹⁴ Here is my bicycle-ticket.” 3. When you are going away by train, you say to the²¹: “Please, get my luggage labelled for. . .; here is my bicycle-ticket. Will you see my things into the van?” 4. When you want to take a Street? That ²³ has to go on the top, and this bag I want to have inside.” 5. To the omnibus-⁶¹ you say, for instance, “Do you go down the Strand? .How much is it to Trafalgar Square? Is there any room outside?“ 6. When I do not know my way at the station I ask, for instance, “Which is the platform for Oxford? Which way am I to go?” 7. AVhen I have lost anything in the ⁴, or if there is anything I particularly want to know, I ask for the inquiry-office, and when I have got to the office I say, for instance, “This morning I forgot a ²⁶ in the 9 o’clock train from Liverpool. It is brown leather, so long and so broad, and it contains two books, etc.” . . . or, “Is there any train that goes straight through from here to Stratford-on-Avon, or have I to change?”    •

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

Is the ¹ with the ² in front of it arriving or departing? Where do you register your luggage ivhen you are going to or from the continent? Do you get a ticket for it? Have you to pay for overweight when your luggage weighs less than 56 lbs? You see a ¹² here with a ²⁹ in his hand. Who(m) is he talking to? Who(m) is the ¹² at the gate showing his ¹³ to? Why docs the elderly ¹² with the umbrella not get into the carriage? Who(m) is he waiting for? Who(m) is his wife talking to? What is the cyclist looking at? Which of his hands is he putting on the handle-bar of the bicycle? Do you think that he has got his bicycle-ticket? Do you think he knows that he must see to getting his bicycle into the ¹ himself, or get a ²¹ to help him? What time is it? Where can you see it? How is die station lighted? Do you think that the lady and the gentleman who are walking down the stairs, are departing or arriving? Do you think they will take a 38 or a ⁶⁹ ? What vehicles do you see outside the station? What do you see on the ivall below the ³²? Do ⁶⁹ have the same sort of ⁵² as ³⁸? Do you think the lady ivalking up the ³⁶, is going by train, or is she only going to see some friends off? Is the man who drives 69 called a coachman? What different sorts of cabs do you know? (hansoms, four-wheelers, motor-cabs, taxicabs.)

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1.    A ship, a (transatlantic) 21. The funnel, steamer.

2.    The hull.

3.    The screw.

4.    The rudder.

43. The gangway; the 59. The bridge. (Asmall space 67. A camp-stool.

high up and railed off for 68. A deck-chair, the captain and the of- 69. A rug. ficer on watch.)

place where one goes on hoard.

44. The gangway.

24. The gangway; the place 45. A port-hole in a 60. The wheel, (the rudder; for disembarking.    first-class cabin. the tiller; the helm.)

5. Arope, ahaw- 25. Passengers, travellers,    46. A port-hole in a 61. The skylight,

ser; (if very 26. A porter. [tourists. second-class cabin. 62. The captain, thick and made 27. A hale of goods.    47. The anchor. 63. A steward, a waiter,

of wire) a cable. 28. A crate    of    Goods;    48.    Merchandise, a    64.    A(n amateur) photomerchandise.    Lba^2£u?e’    number of packa-    65.    The camera. [graplier.

in Ameri-    ges, boxes, crates.    66.    The stand, the tripod,

ca and on    49.    An omnibus.    a)    A negative; a plate; a film.

ta^raiP*    30.    The roof or top    b)    The lens, (whichreceives 76. The stewar-

of the omnibus. the rays of light.)

22.    The steam; the smoke.

23.    A mast.

6.    A flag.

7.    A flag-staff. 29. A box; a bag.

8.    The stern.

30. A parcel, a bundle.

70.    A travelling-cap.

71.    A life-belt.

72.    A cabin.

73.    The upper berth.

74.    The lower (bottom) berth.

75.    A step-ladder the steps.

9. The prow, the head, the stem, the bow. 32. The custom-house.

10.    The railing.

11.    The deck.

31. A trunk, a box.

ways.

51. A hotel-porter.

33.    The entrance; “Way In.” 52. A motor-boat.

34.    The exit; “Way Out.” 53. The sea.

12.    The    gunwale.    35.    A custom-house    officer.    54.    A    pier, a jetty.

13.    The    davits.    36.    The railing.    55.    A    lighthouse

14.    A life-boat. 37. A luggage-truck, a truck. (fixed, revolving.)

15.    A ventilator.    38.    Emigrants.    56.    A    sailing-vessel.

16.    The    rigging.    39.    The quay, the    wharf.    57.    The wake, the

17.    The rope-lad- 40. A bollard.    ship’s furrow.

18.    A crane, [der. 41. Aman who unloads.)    58. A steamer with

42. A man who loads./ res.

19. A net.

paddle-wheels.

77. A tray. [dess, c) The shutter, (by means of 78. A basin, which the entrance to the 79. An electric

lamp, the bulb. 80. A wash-stand.

lens is opened or closed.)

d)    The camera-case.

e)    The india-rubber ball, (by 81. A towel, means of which the shut- 82. The electric

hell.

ter is opened or closed.) f) The finder, (on which you 83. A telephone, see a picture of the thing 84. A port-hole, you want to photograph; 85- A sofa, used in focussing.)

86. A sea-gull.

SHIPS AND THE PORT.

Two ¹ are riding at ⁴⁷ at ³⁹. They do not belong to the same countries, which we can see by ⁶ that are hoisted at ⁹ of one and ⁸ of the other.

The steamer to the right has just cast ⁴⁷; ²⁵ are descending ⁴⁴ and are showing their tickets to the ticket-collector, after which they will go to the ³² to have their28—31 examined. They are carrying their hand-luggage themselves, but the heavy luggage is carried by ²⁶, after having been lowered from the steamer by means of ¹⁸.

On the other side of the railing we see a number of ³⁸ of the working-classes, who are going to America to try their fortune. Or perhaps they are only going to see friends or relations, who have sent them the money for their passage across.

The steamer to the left is not going to leave for several hours yet, but²⁵ have come on board early, because they want to have plenty of time for settling into their ⁷², or to see to their ²⁸⁻³¹ coming on board. Some friends have come to see them off and bid them good-bye. It takes a great deal of time to get the luggage on board, as the packages are of different shapes and sizes, which makes it rather difficult to arrange them in ¹⁹ in which they are hoisted on board by ¹⁸.

Between the two ¹ we see a small ⁵², which, on account of its rapid motion through the water, has formed a long and well marked ⁵⁷. It seems to have come from ⁵⁴ on which there is ⁵⁵, which is lighted at night in order to show the entrance to the harbour, and to enable the ships that come in from the open sea to find the best passage.

⁵⁶ on the other side of the ⁵⁴ seems to have a fair wind; all the sails are set, and it is evidently going at full speed.

DIALOGUES.

Where is ⁶²? Is lie on 59i steering the ship?

No, he is standing on ¹¹, looking at the ²⁵. One of them is photographing the man in 68. On account of the old man’s position the photo(graph) will hardly be a flattering one, as his legs and feet will he too big in proportion to the rest of his. body. I wonder wrhether there will be any picture at all? ⁶⁴ seems to be too near to the old man. I am afraid that he will spoil the film.

AVhat can you do to avoid sea-sickness?

If you are a good sailor you need not trouble. But if you are a bad sailor, or an indifferent one, you must keep out of the smoke and smell of the engine; you must lie down near the centre of the boat and try to rest.

Does it seem to be a rough passage?

Oh, no; the sea looks quite calm, and the ship is neither rolling nor pitching.

Do you think that they are out in the open sea?

No, I think they are nearing the coast. Some 86 are flying about the ship, and that is generally a sign that you are near the land.

Are there many ²& on deck?

No, I dare say it has been a bad night. Probably most of the passengers have been seasick and are stiil in their ⁷². In 74 jn the picture to the right we see a lady, who has been very ill. She has not eaten anything for two days, but now ⁷⁶ is bringing her some coffee and biscuits.

AT THE CUSTOM-HOUSE.

Custom-house officer: Have you anything to declare?

Tourist: No, I only have my own private things. But you may see for yourself.

Custom-house officer: Any tobacco?

Tourist: I have a small packet of cigarettes, which has been opened to take some out. Am I to pay for it? I should not like to smuggle anything.

Custom-house officer: No, there is nothing at all to pay.

WHAT TO SAY WHEN YOU GET ON BOARD THE STEAMER.

What to say in order to secure a good cabin:

Can I have a bottom berth in a cabin near the centre of the ship, where 1 should not feel the rolling of the ship much?

And when you want to inquire about the passage:

Do you think we shall have a good passage? — How long will it last? — Which will be the roughest part of the voyage?

And concerning the meals:

Can I have my meals served in the cabin ? — Can I only do so in case of sickness? — What is the bill of fare? — Have you nothing else?

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What accidents can ships meet with in case of a storm, a collision, or if they run on to a reef or a rock? (shipiureck, to be (ship)wrecked; to be run down, to collide, to sink; to run aground.) — What may happen to a yacht or a sailing-vessel if the sailors do not know how to steer it properly(to capsize, to be capsized.) — Which wind is the most (least) favourable? (a fair wind; a contrary wind, a head-wind.}— Have you ever been present at a sailing-or boating-regatta? — What do you suffer from when you are seasick? (a headache, stomachache, to be sick.) — What utensil must you have when you are seasick? (a basin.) — Where are ships built? (a shipyard.) — What does a ship rest on when being built or repaired ? (the ship is put on to the slipfs].) — What is done when a neiv ship is finished? (to launch a ship.) — Are you an amateur photographer ? — Has your camera a fixed focus, or can you focus for any distance? — How many different kinds of exposure can you have? (time-exposure, instantaneous exposure or snapshot, flash-light exposure.) — Do you develop your own films (plates)? — What are the reasons why a film (plate) turns out badly ? (over-exposure, under-exposure, wrong focussing, etc.)

THE FOREST. THE WOOD.

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35.    A fallow-deer.

36.    A viper.

37.    A lizard.

38.    A butterfly.

39.    A wing.

40.    An earwig.

41.    A grasshopper.

42.    A dragon-fly.

43.    A leg.

44.    A gnat.

45.    The sting.

1.    A tree.

2.    A branch, branches.

3.    A twig.

4.    The trunk.

5.    The root.

6.    Swans.

7.    The lake.

8.    Reed-mace, bulrushes.

9.    A stump.

10.    Two boys.

11.    The spruce-fir.

12.    A fir-cone.

13.    Beech.

14.    Ivy.

15.    A birch-twig.

16.    Oak.

17.    An acorn.

18.    A lime-twig.

19.    A leaf; pi. leaves.

20.    A hawthorn-twig; May.

21.    A spider.

22.    A cobweb.

23.    A caterpillar, a larva,

24.    An ant.

25.    A lady-bird.

26.    A fly.

27.    A snake.

28.    A May-bug, a cock

chafer.

29.    The feelers.

30.    A snail.

31.    The snail-shell.

32.    A hind; a deer; pi.

deer.

33.    A stag.

34.    The antlers

THE FOREST. THE WOOL).

Where have you been, Evelyn and Maud?

We went for a walk in the wood; it was so fine to-day.

Where did you go?

Down by the    side of the wood to the gate; then we took the foot-path to    ⁷, and    there

we rested for a long time, for it was so lovely that we could hardly come away.

Oh, you were at ⁷ that has the ⁶ on it; there are ⁸ round it, are there not?

Yes, and some very fine ¹⁶-trees and ¹³, spreading their boughs over the water.

I see you have brought some ² home; this ¹⁵ is very graceful.

So it is, and    we have a great many more, you see; that ¹⁶ branch with    all those ¹⁷

on it,    was growing high    up on ¹, and at first we thought that we could not get it.    But    Maud

climbed up and cut it off.

Had you any bread to give the ⁶?

Ho, but we met two little ¹⁰ there, who had some. It looked so pretty; the ¹⁰ were sitting on ⁹, throwing crumbs into the water, and the ⁶ ate them up greedily. Suddenly the children jumped up, screaming, as if they were in great danger.

What was the matter?

They had seen a ²⁷, and thought it was ³⁶; that was all.

Yes, I know there are a great many of them in the wood, and plenty of ³⁷ too. Did the ⁴⁴ sting much to-day?

Yes, they did; they generally do in warm and cloudy weather like this.

Did you see any of the large ²⁴-hills for which the forest is so famous?

Yes, with ²⁴ in them which were half an inch long. We must not forget to tell you that when we came home we saw a large herd of ³². I think there were at least forty or fifty of them and three ³³.

Let me see what you have got there on your hat, Maud? Oh, it is ²². Did you walk through the copse?

Yes, I did. I saw something glittering among the ¹⁹ and 1 wanted to see what it was. I found it was ⁴², and as soon as I had bent aside the ³, it darted up and flew away.

You must be tired after such a long walk; come and let us have some tea,

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

Can you guess    what sort of insect I am thinking of?    It is    rather a big    one, green,

with long    feelers, and strong legs, which enable it to    make long hops.    By rubbing    its    legs and

What is the name of the

wings together it produces a shrill noise, ivhich is often heard on warm summer-evenings. — Who spins the cobwebs? — What is the name of the little red insect with black spots which you very often see crawling on blades of grass? — You know that a caterpillar is changed into a chrysalis; but what becomes of it when it has been a chrysalis for some time? little smooth, brown insect ivhich has something Hike a pair of tweezers at the end of its tail? — What animal can carry its house on its back? — Describe a grasshopper, an earwig, and a lady-bird.    — What is the    fruit of the beech called?    (mast.) —    What    happens to    the    trees in

Do you

spring and in autumn?    (to come out [into leaf],    to fade, to    fall, dead leaves.)

What happens sometimes to the skin of the snake?

know the names of the small cryptogams that grow on the barks of trees? (moss; lichen.) — What trees give the best shade? (the beech, the spruce-fir; not the birch.) — Has the spruce-fir leaves like other trees? (needles.)

(to cast the slough.)

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1.    The lion.

2.    The mane.

3.    The tail.

4.    A claw, a paw.

5.    A tiger.

6.    The month.

7.    A bear.

8.    A monkey.

9.    The jackal.

10.    A wolf; pi. wolves.

11.    The elephant.

12.    A trunk.

13.    A rhinoceros.

14.    A giraffe.

15.    The dromedary.

16.    The camel.

17.    A hump.

18.    The zebra.

19.    The donkey.

20.    An elk.

21.    The fox.

22.    A reindeer.

23.    A chamois.

24.    A bat.

25.    The marten,

the weasel.

26.    A squirrel.

27.    A wild boar.

28.    A hedgehog.

29.    A badger.

30.    The hare.

31.    A mole.

32.    The rabbit.

33.    A whale.

34.    A seal.

35.    A beaver.

ANIMALS.

\ with his flowing- ² and the tuft of hair on his ³, is called the king of beasts. The animal you see here beside ¹, which looks like a striped cat, but which is much bigger and stronger, is ⁵. ⁷ can climb up trees; they often live on vegetable food, but if they have once tasted meat, they like that much better, and they can become very dangerous from their plundering habits.

which is native to Africa,    is    very    much like a dog.    Other animals which are akin

to the dog,    are ¹⁰; they live in packs    in    cold    countries, and one    can hear their howling a long

way off. ²¹, which is found in most European countries, is useful because he destroys mice and rats; but he often does a good deal of mischief in poultry-yards. Still more mischievous in that way is ²⁵, which, on account of the shape of its body, can squeeze itself through narrow crevices, and    that    is    why it is so difficult to    keep it    away. It merely    sucks the blood of the poultry,

and    thus    it    kills many more than ²¹ can.    All    these animals are    beasts of prey. — Of all animals

none are more like human beings    than ⁸.    They    live in warm countries, generally in the trees,

and feed on all sorts of vegetable    food. ¹¹    is distinguished by its ¹², with which it can pull    up

trees and pick up a pin from the    ground.    ¹⁶ is    called the ship of the desert. It has two ¹⁷    on

its back, while ¹⁵ has only one.    Both ¹⁹ and    ¹⁸ resemble the horse; the latter lives wild    in

Africa, while the former is generally tame and used as a beast of burden. ⁸² and ³⁰ are very much alike, with their long ears and soft, hairy skin. ³⁰, which is wild, is a fast runner; ³² are often kept in hutches as pets. All the animals you see here, are mammals.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What is the small animal called which, by way of defence, is covered all over

with prickles?

What are the names of the two mammals ivhich live in the sea, and which have flappers instead of legs and arms? — One of them is the largest of all animals; the other is a splendid swimmer and diver?

Between the hare and the rabbit in this picture you see a small black animal. What is its name, and where does it live?

What do you call the slender, nimble, graceful animal which lives in the mountains

of Switzerland?

In this picture you see two kinds of stags, one with round, branched antlers, the other with broad, shovel-like ones; both live in Finland and Northern Russia. Do you know their names?

Mention some beasts of prey.

What is the name of the animal which has a horn on its nose?

Describe the lion you see here.

Can you guess what sort of animal I am thinking of? It has a spotted skin, an unusually long neck, and two small horns on its head?

In what does a monkey differ from a human being?

What qualities do the lion and the tiger possess? (brave, strong — cruel, fierce.)

light, nimble.)

The bear and the monkey? (heavy, clumsy The hare? (a coward, timid.)

The fox? (cunning.)

The wolf? (greedy)

The rhinoceros? (ugly.)

Is it always easy to make the camel or the donkey go? (obstinate.)

Are the tusks of the elephant of any value? (ivory.)

Mention the wild (tame) animals you see here.

Which of these animals has a skin as soft as velvet?

Can any of these animals fly or swim?

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15.    A water-bucket, a water-pail.

16.    A bull.

17.    The watering-trough.

18.    A well.

19.    A turkey.

20.    A cock.

21.    Hens, a hen.

22.    Chickens, a chicken. 28. A peasant-woman,

a farm-woman; pi. women.

24.    A pigeon, pigeons.

25.    A pigeon-house, a dove-cot.

26.    A cat, Pussy.

27.    A reaper, a peasant.

28.    A scythe.

29.    A pitchfork.

30.    A plough.

81. Corn.

32.    A willow.

33.    A goat.

34.    Hay, a hay-cock.

35.    A sheaf, pi. sheaves.

36.    A cow.

37.    The udder.

38.    The horns.

89. The muzzle.

40 A calf; pi. calves.

41.    The tail.

42.    The huntsman; a game-keeper.

43.    A gun.

44.    A horse.

45.    The saddle.

46.    The stirrup.

47.    The bridle.

48.    A horse-shoe.

49.    A sheep; pi. sheep.

50.    A lamb.

51.    A pond.

52.    A duck, ducks.

53.    The ducklings.

54.    A bee-liive.

55.    A bee.

56.    A mouse; pi. mice.

57.    A rat.

58.    A goose; two geese.

59.    Oats, an ear of oats.

60.    Barley, an ear of barley.

61.    Rye, an ear of rye.

62.    Wheat, an ear of wheat.

63.    A, clover-leaf.

A FARM.

Was it a large farm your father had in the country, John?

Oh, no, only a small one, about a hundred acres.

Then you had not much live stock?

We had five ⁴⁴, twelve ³⁶, and ¹⁶. But we had a good deal of poultry: ²⁰, ²¹, ¹⁹ and and ⁵²; it was my business to look after them.

58

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A\ras that a tiresome job?

Yes, sometimes; I had a great deal of trouble to find the eggs, because the ²¹ used to lay them wherever they liked, in ³, ², or outside in the yard. We had some ²⁴ also, and I liked them much better than the ²¹, because I had made them so tame that they ate out of my hand. During the harvest, though, they hardly cared for me, because then there was plenty to be found in the fields and in the rick-yard.

Did you ever help ²⁷ during the harvest?

Almost always; I was not old enough to be allowed to cut the ³¹ or mow the ³⁴. But I helped the ²³ to bind ³¹ into ³⁵. The best fun was when we dragged the ³³ together to make the shocks. I was also very fond of riding home on the top of ¹³, when the ³¹ was being stacked.

Yes, the harvest is a merry time, and everybody wants to help so as to be invited to the harvest-supper. But did you also help with the other kinds of field work? Or did you ever help the cow-man and the milk-maid with the ³⁶ ?

Not often; they told me that I was of no use. The milk-maid, specially, said that 1 did not understand how to milk ³⁶, and that I did nothing but frighten them; but I very often helped her to churn the butter.

Were there many other animals besides those you have mentioned?

A\re had ²⁶ to catch ⁵⁷ and ⁵⁶, a good many ¹⁴ and ⁴⁹, and ¹¹, who by his barking used to tell us whenever anybody came to see us. I always pitied him, because he was chained to his ¹²

Did you ever set him free?

As my father was on ⁴ of ⁴.

Yes, we tried it once, but not again, for he really did not know what to do with his liberty, because he had been chained up ever since he was a puppy. -very fond of honey, we had some ⁵⁵; and ⁷ came every year and built its Were there any deer and hares in the neighbourhood?

Yes, a few, and a great many foxes; my father often went hunting with ⁴² from a

neighbouring manor.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What is the name of the thing which turns round according to the wind, showing us from what quarter it blows?— Who is talking to the huntsman? — What do you mow grass with, and with what do you put it on the cart?— Tell me the name of the little green plant with red flowers and trefoil leaves which cows are so fond of? — What are young hens, sheep, and cows called? — What work does a farmer do in spring? (to plough, to harrow, to sow, to roll.) — And in summer and autumn? (to reap, to plough, to manure.) — What happens to the grain after it has been soivn? (to germinate or sprout, to grow, an ear, to ripen.) — What does the farmer do when reaping? (to cut the corn, a reaping-machine; sheaves, shocks or stooks; to carry the corn when it is dry enough.) — Where is the corn kept after it has been reaped? (stacks, a barn.) — What is done to it? (to thrash, a thrashing-machine; a flail.) — Do the reapers have any fun after the harvest is over? (the harvest-supper or - feast.) — Who helps the farmer to manage the farm if it is too big for him to look after it himself? (a bailiff.) — What can be done if the soil of a farm is too wet? (to drain.) — Which kinds of corn are used for bread? — Which sort is used for feeding the hens? — And which for the horses? — What work is done in the dairy? (to skim the milk; cream; to churn the butter in a churn.) — What can you tell me about the hens and chickens? (to lay eggs, to sit on the eggs, the chickens are hatched.) — Of what use are the sheep? (wool, to shear the sheep.) — Which of these animals are ruminants? — Where do the cows graze in the summer? — Where are they in the winter? — What do they eat? (fodder, hay, chopped straw, etc.) — Who looks after the sheep, the cows, the poultry? (a sheep-dog, a shepherd, a coiv-man, the farmer's wife.)

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2.    A vulture.

3.    The ostrich.

4.    The peacock.

5.    A crest.

6.    The partridge.

7.    A lapwing.

8.    The pheasant.

9.    A crane.

10.    A heron.

11.    The lark.

12.    A nest.

18. The nightingale. 14. A canary.

15.    The magpie.

16.    The owl.

17.    The sparrow.

18.    A crow.

19.    The parrot.

20.    The hawk.

21.    The swallow.

22.    The cuckoo.

23.    A gull, a sea-gull.

24.    A wing.

25.    The starling.

26.    The tail.

27.    A feather.

28.    A claw.

29.    The beak, the bill.

BIRDS.

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³ is the biggest of all birds; it cannot fly, but it is an excellent runner. ¹ with his sharp, hooked ²⁹, unusually keen sight, and majestic flight, is a bird of prey. The bird which has no ²⁷ on its neck, and feeds mostly on carrion, is ². ¹³ prefers to sing in cloudy weather and at night. The bird whose lovely trills you often hear in the fields, is ¹¹; she builds her 12 in the furrows or on the grass. The two birds, with the long legs and bills, which you see here standing in the water, are ⁹ and ¹⁰. You can know ¹⁰ by the long ²⁷ on its head. One of the most common birds is ¹⁷; it lives near our houses, builds its ¹² under the eaves, in ricks, or wherever it can, and we hear its twittering all the year round. It always stays in its own country, while ²¹ with its forked ²⁶ and light graceful flight, is a bird of passage, which comes to Grermany very late in spring. Much earlier appears the whistling ²⁵. The gaily-coloured 19 can learn to imitate the human voice on account of its thick, fleshy tongue, considered a great delicacy, is on this account carefully preserved.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What is the name of the bird of prey which lives in church-towers and hollow trees, and seldom appears in the daytime, but which you hear hooting and screeching in the night?

The black and ivhite, long-tailed bird which lives in our gardens and steals all that

he can get, is a

What is the name of the tufted bird ivhich lives in swamps and bogs, and ivhich has a shrill keen cry and a peculiarly restless, irregular flight?

What is a bird covered with?

What is the name of the bird whose long spotted tail looks like a train?

Do you know the grey and ivhite bird which is almost always seen on the sea, diving into the water to catch fish?

Which of these birds lays its eggs in the nests of other birds?

Describe a magpie, an eagle, and a swallow.

Does the sparrow sing, whistle, twitter, or hoot?

And the nightingale?

The starling?

The owl?

What are ostrich-feathers used for?

Why are they used for that?

Have young birds feathers as soon as they are hatched? (down.)

What can down be used for? (eiderdowns, cushions, pillows.)

What happens to the feathers when the birds are moulting?

BIRD'S SONG.

These men! how kind and good they are! They leave their cosy nests, and go Forth in chill dawn to reap and sow In wet,' brown fields afar.

How good of them to labour thus — To scatter corn and make it grow — And well we grateful birds do know They do it all for us.

Just that we little birds may eat,

They plough and sow and hoe and reap — What we don’t want we let them keep, For charity is sweet.

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1.    The lawn.

2.    A flower-bed.

16.    The forget-me-not.

17.    An anemone.

3.    The garden-walk, a path. 18. The laburnum.

4.    A rose-tree.

5.    The fountain.

6.    A plantation.

7.    A shrubbery.

8.    A hot-house, a greenhouse.

9.    The gardener.

10.    A spade.

11.    A watering-pot. a water-can.

12.    A rake.

13.    A little girl, Jessie.

14.    A water-lily.

15.    A daisy; a marguerite; an ox-eye.

19. The lilac.

20.    The rose.

21.    A hud.

22.    A leaf; the leaves.

23.    A prickle; a thorn.

24.    The lily.

25.    The violet.

26.    The pansy.

27.    The lily-of-the-valley.

28.    The poppy.

29.    The corn-flower.

30.    The crocus.

31.    The tulip.

32.    A dog-rose,

a sweetbrier.

33.    The snowdrop.

34.    A fern.

35.    A pink.

36.    The hyacinth.

37.    A thistle.

38.    Clover.

39.    Hops.

40.    Strawberries.

41.    Raspberries.

42.    An apple.

43.    A pear.

44.    Cherries; a cherry.

45.    A vine, vine; a bunch of grapes, grapes.

46.    Plums.

47.    Black-currants.

48.    Red-currants; white-currants.

49.    Gooseberries.

50.    Peaches; a peach.

51.    Apricots.

52.    Hazel-nuts.

53.    Walnuts.

54.    A melon.

55.    A gourd, a pumpkin.

56.    A cucumber.

57.    A carrot.

58.    An onion.

59.    Potatoes.

60.    Peas.

61.    A pod.

62.    A bean; French beans.

63.    A bundle of asparagus, asparagus.

64.    Cauliflower.

A GARDEN.

At what time of the year do you like a garden best?

That is difficult to say; early in spring it is lovely with of course handsomer and more splendid, but ²⁷ and ¹⁶ are of a more delicate beauty. I think I like the time best when ¹⁸, ¹⁹, and the other flowering shrubs blossom. Almost at the same time ²⁰ begin to bloom, the ⁴⁰ ripen, and in the fields you see ²⁸ and ²⁹ You feel that it is midsummer.

33

and ²⁵.

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and ³¹ are

As far as I remember you have a good many evergreen plants in your garden. Can you leave them out in the winter, or must you take them into your ⁸?

Oh no, it scarcely ever freezes hard, and besides our ⁸ is too small.

Have you still got a little garden of your own?

Ho, I am too old for that now. My brother, Herbert,    has taken possession    of    it,    and

he    attends    to it very carefully. ³ are always nicely raked,    and    ² neatly weeded.    One    half    of

it is a kitchen-garden where he grows ⁵⁹ and ⁶⁰.

Has Jessie also a little garden?

Ho, she does not care for a garden of her    own. She    is very intimate with ⁹, and

helps    him    to water and to    prune the ⁴, or talks to him    when he is    digging ² or hoeing ³    I think

she considers the whole garden liers.    At    least she knows every nook    and corner    in it. Ask

her about the best ⁴⁹, or ⁴⁸, or ⁴⁷, and    she    will be able to tell    you.

Have you many fruit-trees in your garden?

Yes, we have    a pretty large orchard; my    father has    planted and grafted    a great

many    ⁴²-trees and ⁴³-trees,    and also some ⁴⁴-trees. Most    of them have thriven, and our ⁹    is very

clever in taking care of them.

Have you ⁴⁵ in your ⁸, or do you grow it on a wall outside?

We have it in ⁸, which you remember is built opposite ⁵ on the big ⁴, for the grapes cannot    get    sweet and luscious out of doors; but we have ⁵⁰    and    ⁵¹ on a wall.

Is the gardener as clever with the vegetables as    with    the orchard?

Yes, indeed he is. Last summer we had excellent vegetables: ⁵⁵, weighing sixty pounds, delicious crisp ⁶², and ⁶³, of which seven or eight stalks went to the pound. — But you ought to see our garden yourself. Come and see it now. It is late in the summer, I know; most of the flowers have faded, and ²²    are    beginning to fall.    But then    the    fruit is    coming    on.

The ⁵² are dropping from their husks,    the    ⁴⁵ are ripe, many    of the ⁴³    are    mellow,    and ⁵³    are

ready for picking.

It is a very tempting invitation; perhaps I could go for a few days. That is right. AYe will go next Sunday.

QUESTIOHS AHD EXEKCISES.

— What What is

Look at this picture, and show me a plant which never has any

Can cut flowers keep fresh

Do you know any plants that multiply by seeds? (peas.) by

Mention a white fiower which grows on the surface of pools and ponds? are the white and blue flowers called which bloom in the forest early in spring? — a flower before it opens? flowers? — You see some peas here, in what are they lying? — What do you find in a nut, in an apple? (a kernel; the core with the pips.) — What sorts of fruit must you peel before you eat them? (apples, pears, the peel or the skin.) — Are there any plants of which we eat the underground part? (potatoes, the tuber; carrots, the root.) — Mention some fruits that are berries; (gooseberries, red-currants.) nuts; (hazel-nuts, walnuts.) drupes; (cherries, apricots.) — Which flower keeps the longest after you have picked it, a rose or a poppy? if you do not place them in water? (to fade.) — Why do you often hurt your fingers when you pick roses or gooseberries? (the prickles.) — Do you know any flowers that are fragrant? (the rose, the lily-of-the-valley.)

bulbs? (onions, tulips.) by cuttings, slips? (strawberries, etc.) by grafting? (pears, apples.)

FISHES.

REPTILES. - CRUSTACEA.

MOLLUSCA.

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2.    A fin.

3.    A mackerel.

4.    The pike.

5.    The salmon.

6.    The gills.

7.    The plaice.

8.    The eel.

9.    The herring.

10.    The scales.

11.    A crab.

12.    A crayfish, a crawfish.

13.    A shrimp; a prawn.

14.    The lobster.

15.    The claw.

16.    The oyster.

17.    The shell.

18.    A mussel.

19.    A turtle; a tortoise.

20.    The shell.

21.    A toad.

22.    A frog.

28. The crocodile.

24. A serpent.

FISHES. - REPTILES. — CRUSTACEA. — MOLLUSCA.

Fish    breathe    through their ⁶, and swim with    their    ². ⁴ is a cruel and greedy fish;

it has only one    ² on its    back, while    ¹ has three. ⁷ is a    flat salt-water fish, one side of which

is pale and colourless, while the other is grey with red spots; both its eyes are on the coloured side.    ⁸ is formed    like ²⁴; it is difficult to    decide whether it lays eggs    or bears young. ⁵ is distinguished

by a    small flap    of skin    on its back,    and by the bright,    pink    colour of its flesh. ¹⁰ of ³ have

a silver-green tint. ⁹ appear on the coasts in shoals of hundreds of thousands, and, on account of their bright' ¹⁰, the turning of a shoal looks like a flash of lightning. A prawn looks like a big ¹³. Both are Crustacea. ¹⁴ is also a crustacean; its meat is considered a great delicacy, especially that of ¹⁵ and the tail. ¹¹ moves by crawling sideways. ¹⁶ lives in the sea; the places where it is found, are called oyster-beds. ¹⁸ looks rather like an oyster, but its ¹⁷ is smoother.

²³    live in rivers in warm countries, in the Nile, for instance, which is celebrated for them. Many

²⁴    are dangerous on account of the poison which is secreted in a gland in their heads. Sometimes this poison is so strong that the smallest quantity is absolutely fatal to human beings.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What is the name of the crustacean which looks like a lobster, hut which is a good

deal smaller?

Mention a reptile which is protected by two shells, between which it can hide its

head and limbs.

What can be made of these shells?

You see two mollusca here, the oyster and the mussel; do you know of any others? Mention an animal which is closely connected with the reptiles, which is amphibious, and whose croaking you hear on warm summer-nights.

The amphibious animal which looks like a frog, but which has a rougher skin and a coarser body, is ... .?

What is the name of the respiratory organs of fishes, and where do you see them in this picture?

Are herrings fresh-water fish or salt-water fish?

Are they caught with a net or with a line?

What must be done to a fish before it can be eaten? (to scrape, to scale, to clean, to take out the guts, to boil or fry.)

Do you know the different phases that a frog goes through? (the spawn, a tadpole a frog.)

What do you find in the shells of certain mussels? (mother-of-pearl.)

What sorts of serpents do you know of? (the rattle-snake, the boa fconstrictor], the hooded snake or the cobra.)

WISHES AND FISHES.

At first when he began to fish,

He owned it was his earnest wish To catch some salmon, and, no doubt, A score or so of fine, fat trout.

But as the afternoon wore on,

“I’d he content,” said little John, “If I could catch an eel or two, Just one for me, and one for you.”

But neither salmon, eel, nor trout Would bite, and so John went without, Content and happy with his lot,

Though all the fish that he had got, Was one small tadpole in a pot.

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1.    The sky.

2.    The sun.

3.    A ray of the sun, asun-beam.

4.    The moon.

5.    The stars; a star.

6.    Clouds; a cloud.

7.    A mountain.

8.    The top, the peak, the summit.

9.    The horizon.

10. A slope.

11.    Rocks.

12.    The shore, the coast.

18. A hill.

14.    The river-hank, the bank of the river.

15.    A river, a brook.

16.    The river-side.

17.    A bridge.

18.    The railing.

19.    A stone.

20.    Gravel; sand.

21.    The beach.

22.    The pebbles; shingle.

23.    The sea.

24.    The ripples, the waves.

25.    A steamer.

26.    The pennant.

27.    The smoke.

28.    A sailing-vessel.

29.    The rudder.

30.    The deck.

31.    The cabin, the stateroom, the saloon.

32.    A mast.

33.    The sails; a sail.

34.    A flag.

35.    The cable.

36.    A boat.

37.    An oar.

38.    The rainbow.

39.    Rain, a shower.

40.    A flash of lightning, the lightning.

41.    An opera-glass.

42.    A telescope.

NATURE.

What do you see here in the sea?

Two ships, ²⁸, which I can see is Danish, because it has the ³⁴ of Denmark on the top of the fore ³², and ²⁵. The ²⁸ is riding at anchor, while the ²⁵ is moving. There is also a little ³⁶, in which a man is rowing towards the ²⁸ with two ³⁷. He seems to be working hard,

as the

is rather big for him to row single-handed.

How is a sailing-vessel driven along?

By the wind, which blows against ³³. AVhen there is but little wind, all ³³ are hoisted; but when the wind is strong, most of them are taken down, or else the ship might go too fast and be capsized.

How is a steamer driven through the water?

By means of the steam-engine inside it, which turns the paddle-wheels or the screw, and so enables it to go against the wind, though it does not travel so quickly against a rough sea as when it has a favourable wind to help it along.

You have not had any walk to-day; won’t you go with me down to the sea? The evening-air is cool and fresh, and if we go at once,    we may    be able to see ² set.

Yes, I will. — I do like walking along    ¹², especially when the sea is like this,    not

rough, and yet not quite calm. Come and let us    sit down    on these ¹⁹, and listen to    the    low

murmur of ²⁴ as they ripple against ²² on ²¹. Look    how red    ² is while it is setting; if    we stay

here a little longer, we shall see ⁴ and ⁵ come out.

Do you know what looking at the sea always makes me do? It makes me long to travel.

I think you will soon be able to satisfy that longing.

Yes, I hope I shall go to Scotland next summer.

Oh, you happy creature, to see those glorious Scotch⁷. Have you been there before?

No, the last time we travelled we visited Borne and some of the other cities of Italy But don’t you think we had better go home now? The night is coming on, and have you seen those ⁶ near ⁹? They look as if they were thunder-⁶.

Yes, they are; there I saw ⁴⁰! Be quiet, and let us listen for the thunder.

There it is, but the storm-cloud must be far away still, for I counted thirty between ⁴⁰ and the thunder-clap. Shall we stay or go?

It will be a grand sight to see ⁴⁰ from here; let us stay till it has come nearer.

QUESTIONS AND EXEKCISES.

You know the sea is blue because is reflects ...? — What is the highest part of a mountain called, and what do you call the side of it? — The place where the land and the sea meet, is,..? — What runs into the sea here? — What is the name of stony mountains, and ivhat are small mountains called? — What do you see in the sky when the sun shines ivhile it is raining? — What does a captain use when he wants to look at anything that is far away? — What is the same sort of thing called when we use it at the theatre? — How can the lightning do harm? (to strike, to set on fire, to kill.) — What are the different phases of the moon called? (the new moon, the full moon, the loaning moon.) — Which of them do you see here? — Is the sun you see here rising or setting? — What is the time called that precedes sunrise? (dawn, daybreak.) — And that which comes after sunset? (dusk, twilight) — What phenomenon can we sometimes observe at full moon? (an eclipse of the moon.) — At new moon? (an eclipse of the sun.) — What other celestial phenomena do you know of? (meteors, shooting- or falling-stars, the northern lights.) — What disasters fcatastrophes] in nature do you know of? (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, a flood, an avalanche, a landslip.) — What happens when there is a flood, an avalanche, a volcanic eruption? (a river overfloivs its banks, the sea rises, to wash away; a sudden thaw, snow and stones fall down into the valley; lava, ashes.) — Where do you take off your clothes when you bathe? (a bathing-machine.) — What can people put on, for the sake of greater security, when they bathe in deep water? (a life-belt) — What do you put on before bathing? (a bathing-dress, a bathing-cap.)

TIME. - A STUDIO.

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Five minutes to. Ten minutes to.

A quarter to.

Twenty minutes to.

Twenty-five minutes

Midday or noon.

Five minutes past. Ten minutes past

A quarter past.

Twenty minutes past. Twenty-five minutes past.

Half past.

1.    The hour-hand.

2.    The minute-hand.

8. The dial, the face of the clock.

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12.    A cast of the Venus of Milo.

13 A picture, a painting.

14.    A sketch.

15.    The window.

16.    A portfolio.

17.    Brushes.

18.    A lay-figure.

19.    A study.

20.    A drawing-pin.

21.    A sketch-book.

22.    A roll of paper, drawing-paper.

23.    A lead pencil.

24.    A piece of india-rubber.

25.    A stump.

26.    Indian ink.

27.    A stick of charcoal.

28.    A colour-tube.

29.    A cake of colour, a cake of paint.

30.    A. palette-knife.

31.    A dipper.

32.    Turpentine.

33.    Linseed oil.

34.    Varnish.

35.    A pair of compasses.

36.    A pencil-holder.

37.    A bow-pen,

a music-pen.

38.    A painting-rag.

TIME. — A STUDIO.

What is the time please?

Twenty to one, as far as I know. I set my watch by the clock on the Houses of Parliament a few days ago, but I cannot quite rely on it yet, as it is rather new. It may lose or gain a little.

You say you have got a new watch, and you had such an excellent one before. Hid you not tell me something about its losing three minutes a year?

Yes, I neither put it on nor back for eighteen months, and then it was four minutes and twenty seconds wrong; I do not remember which way.

Tell me what has become of it?

A pick-pocket stole it one day, as I was standing at the door of the pit outside

Drury Lane Theatre.

What a pity! I hope that your new one may prove as good as your old one.

1 hope so; but it will want a little regulating just at first. Where is your watch? I have it here, but the spring must be broken. When I took it up a few minutes ago, it had stopped, and it will not wind (up).

Last Sunday I went to see Mr. Francis’s studio; didn’t you get a card of invitation as well?

Yes, I did; but I had another engagement. How did you like the studio?

ATery much indeed; it is not large, but extremely interesting. The walls are almost covered with ¹⁴, some of which we know from his ¹³, while others have never been worked up; and in ¹⁶ by ¹⁵ were a great many more.

Has he any works of art besides his own?

Of course he has ¹² in the place of honour, as he is a great admirer of her.

At what time did you arrive there?

I got there a little too early; but as I know him very intimately, lie let me come in, and I saw him at work. He was just painting a portrait of a young lady of his acquaintance; he had finished the outline and was trying the colours on his ⁵ to put on the first coat of paint.

Did you not disturb them by being there?

Oh no; I helped him to press the colours out of ²⁸ and mix them, which was great fun. But just as we were enjoying ourselves very much indeed, the bell rang, visitors were announced, and we had to stop. I think that his ⁷ was rather glad to be interrupted, as it is very trying to sit long. I for one have always been quite knocked up after a sitting.

Does Mr. Francis paint in water-colours?

He sent in some very pretty little ¹⁹ for the last Academy; but the committee refused them. I think that painting in oils is his favourite work.

I am so sorry that I could not go; do you think that I shall get an invitation

another time?

You will be sure to get one, though not at present, as Mr. Francis is going to Italy next week. Like all ¹ he loves Borne, and I think he goes there every year. But in four months he will be back, and then, after sucli a journey, it will be still more interesting to see his studio, as he is sure to make a great many ¹⁴ of southern life and scenery.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What is the 'wooden thing called on ivkich the painter has his picture? With ivhat does an artist paint, and on what sort of stuff?

What is the name of the figure lake a man that you see by the window?

¹

   The homestead, the farm-house.

²

   The stable(s); the cowshed, the cow-house.

³

   The barn.

⁴

   The roof, a thatched roof.

⁵

   The roof, a tiled roof.

⁶

   The weather-cock.

⁷

   The stork.

⁸

   The nest.

⁹

   The farmer.

¹⁰

   A wheel-barrow.

¹¹

   A house-dog, a watch-dog.

¹²

   A dog-kennel, a kennel.

¹³

   The (hay-)cart.

¹⁴

   Apig, a sow.

¹⁵

   An artist, a painter.

¹⁶

   The picture, the painting.

¹⁷

   An easel.

¹⁸

   A maulstick.

¹⁹

   The palette.

²⁰

   A camp-stool.

²¹

   The sitter, a model.

²²

   The paint-box.

²³

   A strap.

²⁴

The frame.

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1.    A tanner.

2.    A paring-bench.

3.    The tanner’s knives.

4.    A skin, a hide.

5.    The hair.

A Shoemaker's Workshop.

6.    A shoemaker.

7.    Tools.

8.    A shoemaker’s lamp.

9.    An awl.

10.    The stirrup.

11.    A shoe-tree, a boot-

tree, a last.

12.    The paper measure.

13.    A furrier.

14.    A fur overcoat.

15.    A fur cloak.

16.    A foot-muff.

17.    A muff.

18.    A boa.

A Printing-House. A Printing-Office.

19.    The printer.

20.    The printing-press.

21.    A wheel.

22.    A sheet.

23.    A work-woman.

24.    A compositor.

A Bookbinder's Workshop.

25.    The bookbinder.

26.    Tools.

27.    A press.

28.    Glue in a glue-pot.

29.    A rule, a ruler.

30.    A cutting-knife.

A Library.

31.    The librarian.

32.    A step-ladder.

33.    A cupboard.

34.    A desk.

35.    A globe.

A Barber’s Shop.

36.    The barber, the hair

dresser.

37.    A towel, a shaving-

cloth.

38.    A shaving-basin.

39.    A dressing-gown.

40.    A pier-glass.

41.    A looking-glass.

42.    The washing-basin.

A Chemist's Shop.

43.    The chemist, the apo

thecary.

44.    A prescription.

45.    A pot.

46.    A bottle, a phial.

47.    A man, 1

48.    A woman; i

49.    A florist.

50.    A bouquet; a button

hole.

51.    Flo wer-vases.

52.    Plants.

53.    A wreath.

54.    An arum-lily.

55.    An india-rubber plant.

56.    A palm-tree.

57.    A flower-pot.

ARTISANS.—TRADESMEN.

What are boots made of?

Of leather, which is the prepared ⁴ of certain animals.

Who prepares it?

⁴; he scrapes off ⁵ from ⁴ on a ², after which he tans them with particular acids. What do you see to the right of the tanner?

6’

s workshop.

is sitting on a stool with a shoe or boot on his knee, and his foot in ¹⁰. On the wall is hanging his ¹², and some ¹¹ are lying on the floor.

With what is he sewing?

With ⁹ and some very thick thread.

What is the name of the man who deals in fur goods?

He is    ¹³. I see one here,    who is standing    behind the counter, and is    just about to

sell    ¹⁸    to    a lady.    On the wall beside    him are hanging    ¹⁴, ¹⁵, and a nice little ¹⁶.

What do people do tvhen they want a booh printed?

They take the manuscript to a printing-house, where ²⁴ sets it up and makes a proof-²², which is sent to the author to be corrected. When the proof-reading is done, the proof is returned, and then the final copies are printed in ²⁰.

Is the book finished then?

No, it is taken to ²⁵, who binds it, partly with ²⁸, partly with needle and thread. Sometimes he also gilds the leaves.

What do you see next to the bookbinder?

A library. ³¹ is taking a book out of the top shelf; the book-case is so high that he must    stand on    ³² to reach the books. On the ³⁴ by    the other book-case I see    ³⁵.

Where    do people go to get    their hair cut or    their beards shaved off?

To ³⁶’s. When he is going to shave a man, he puts ³⁷ round his neck, and lathers him with soap so as to make the skin soft. AVhen the shaving is done, he washes off the soap with tepid water.

Where can you get medicine?

At ⁴³’s; but most kinds of medicine cannot be had without ⁴⁴ from a doctor. Is the medicine always ready when you want it?

No; very often one has to wait some time while the ⁴⁴ is made up.

What do you see to the right of the chemist's shop?

On the counter there are some ⁵¹ with ⁵⁰ in them, and on the wall behind I see some 5S, which ⁴⁹ has made.

⁴⁹, who is tying up a ⁵², which looks like a rose-tree.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

What colour is the cover

Has your book gilt edges? — Is it stitched or bound? — Why must a book

What sorts of plants do you see on the floor in the florist's shop? — What has the man who is being shaved in his hand? — Who(m) do you see waiting in the chemist's shop? — Do you buy your boots ready-made, or do you have them made to order (measure)? — Why are tight boots so disagreeable? (they pinch; to get them stretched.) of your book?

■sometimes be reprinted? (out of print) — Does the person who corrects the proofs see all the mistakes? (printers' errors, misprints.) — What can he do if he finds mistakes in the final copies? (a list of errata.) — Who invented the art of printing? — Do you think that the two ivreaths you see here are made of artificial or of natural flowers?

Cobbler, cobbler, make me a boot;

Come with your paper to measure my foot. Make them of leather well seasoned and strong, Mind they are neither too short, nor too long.

WINTER. - THE HOSPITAL. A CHURCHYARD.

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1.    The snow.

2.    The ice.

3.    A skate.

4.    A slide.

5.    A snow-ball.

6.    A snow-man.

7.    A skater.

8.    A sledge, a sleigh.

9.    The sleigh-bells.

10. The bed.

11.    The patient.

12.    The head of the bed.

13.    The doctor.

14.    The nurse.

15.    The foot of the bed.

16.    A small table.

17.    A bottle of medicine.

18.    A tumbler.

19.    A medicine-spoon.

20.    A crutch.

21.    The stretcher.

22.    A bath.

23.    A dentist.

24.    The forceps.

25.    A churchyard, a burial

ground, a cemetery.

26.    A hearse.

27.    The church, a chapel.

28.    The porch.

29.    A monument,

a tombstone.

30.    A wicket-gate.

31.    A grave, a family-tomb.

32.    A cross.

33.    A grave-digger.

34.    The grave.

35.    The coffin.

36.    A coffin-hearer, a pall-bearer.

37.    The clergyman.

38.    The funeral procession.

WINTER, - THE HOSPITAL.

A CHURCHYARD.

What do you see in this picture of a winter-scene?

Some boys on ², and a man driving past in ⁸ with ⁹ on the horse. A great deal of 1 has fallen; but the boys, who are anxious to skate, have swept away ¹ to clear ².

Are all of them skating?

Xo; some are sliding, while others are busy, making ⁶ with a stick in his hand. One of them is just going to throw ⁵ at the others.

Did you go skating yesterday?

I Avent down to the pond; but Avhen I put on my left ³ I was so unfortunate as to break one of the straps; I thought I might borroAv one, but nobody could lend me any, and so I had to go home.

Oh, you ought to get some acme-⁸ with springs, you need not have straps with them. It was a pity that you could not skate yesterday.

Was ² good?

Yes, unusually smooth; and noAv that the frost has lasted so long, it is so thick everyAvhere that there is no danger; it will bear splendidly.

What do you see next to the picture of the winter - scene?

A ward in    a hospital, and ²³, draAving    a tooth    with his    ²⁴. ¹³ in    the ward is feeling

1;L’s pulse,    and is evidently giving ¹⁴ instructions Iioav he    is to be    nursed. There is ¹⁶ beside ¹⁰,

on Avhich I see ¹⁷, ¹⁸, and ¹⁹ On the floor there is ²².

What has a nurse to do?

She has to    nurse ⁴¹, tidy their ¹⁰, and    give them their    medicine    at stated times. She

must    also    help them    to get up Avhen they have    to take    a bath,    or are so    far recovered as to

Avalk a little in the room, supported by her, or leaning on ²⁰.

When is the thing you see beside the bath used?

Oh, ²¹. It is used Avhen a ¹¹ is brought to the hospital, and has to be carried from the ambulance-cart to the ward.

What does the picture below represent?

A churchyard, in which a funeral is taking place. Six ³⁶ are carrying ³⁵ to the open ³⁴, beside Avhich ³³ is standing with a spade and his cap in his hand. FolloAving ³⁵ are ³⁷ and one of the chief mourners, probably a widower. The rest of ³⁸ is just coming out of ²⁷.

Are there many graves in this churchyard?

Xo, it seems to be rather a neAv one, as only very feAv people are buried there. To the right I see one very pretty ²⁹ with a hedge round it.

QUESTIOXS AND EXEKCISES.

Have you had a cold lately? (a cold in one’s head, a sore throat, to be hoarse, to

Are you well or ill? — What children’s diseases have you had? (measles, etc.) — Mention some catching [contagious], dangerous, fatal diseases? (scarlet-fever; diphtheria, cholera, cancer.)

sneeze, to blow one’s    nose.) — Do    old people often have    the whooping-cough? — What can you

do when you have    a headache?    (go to bed, take an    antifebrine powder or an    antipyrine

tabloid.) — What medicine does the doctor prescribe when a patient cannot sleep? (some narcotic, morphia, laudanum,    chloral.) —    What does a surgeon    or a dentist do to prevent    the patient

feeling any pain? (to administer gas, to give chloroform    or ether, an anesthetic.) —    Where are

Who(m) do you apply to, to get your birth-certificate? (to

people married, baptised, buried? the registrar or the parish-clerk.) — Who arranges funerals? (the undertaker.) — Where do the clergymen in the country live? (the parsonage.)

TOYS. - GAMES. - MUSIC

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1.    Two hoys playing

at leap-frog.

2.    La grace.

3.    A hoop.

4.    A stick.

5.    Battledore and

shuttle-cock.

6.    The battledore.

7.    The shuttle-cock.

8.    A swing.

9.    A see-saw.

10.    Stilts.

11.    A Punch-and-Judy show, a puppet-show.

12.    Blindman’s-buff.

13.    Cards, a pack of cards.

14.    The ace.

15.    The king of hearts.

16.    The queen.

17.    The knave, the jack.

18.    The hoard.

19.    Chess, chessmen.

20.    Draughts; the draughtsmen, the men.

21.    Nine-pins, skittles.

22.    The ball.

23.    The game of dice.

24.    A die; pi. dice.

25.    A rattle.

26.    Bells.

27.    A doll.

28.    A hall.

29.    Lawn-tennis; racket

and hall.

30.    A dancmg-]ack.

31.    A whip.

32.    A top.

33.    The lash.

34.    A balloon, an air-ball.

35.    A whistle.

36.    A skipping-rope.

37.    A hoop.

38.    A kite.

39.    Billiards, the game

of billiards.

40.    A billiard-table.

41.    A pocket.

42.    The ball.

43.    The cue.

44.    An organ.

45.    The organ-pipes.

46.    The keys, the key-hoard.

47.    A drum.

48.    The drum-sticks.

49.    A harp.

50.    The strings.

51.    A trumpet.

52.    A guitar.

53.    A peg.

54.    A concertina.

55.    The violin; a fiddle.

56.    The how, the fiddle

stick.

57.    The piano, a grand piano.

58.    The music; the music-

hook.

59.    The pedals.

60.    A flute; a penny whistle.

TOYS.—GAMES.—MUSIC.

How did you enjoy yourself at your uncle’s in the country last Sunday?

on the big open lawn, and a splendid ²⁹ ground; and so we each chose

and

Immensely; there were a good many other children of my own age, and we played in the garden as long as the day-light lasted. For, you see, they have got all sorts of games and toys,

what we liked best.

What did you and your brother and sister play at?

My cousin Philip and I began with a game of ²¹, and it was great fun; only the 21 and ²² were a little too heavy, so that we soon got tired. After that we tried walking on 10 for a time, and when we had had enough of that we took Philip’s ³⁸, which is a very nice one with a long tail, and ran into the field to fly it. Meanwhile Annie played at ⁵ with Peter, and Frank at ² with Oliver. At last all the others began to swing, but not I, for it makes me giddy, especially when anybody whirls me round and round. I like see-sawing much better, but unfortunately their see-saw was rather dangerous, as the board was slippery, and the handles were off.

How long did you stay there?

Till ten o’clock. AY hen it grew dark my aunt called us in for supper, and after that we played at ¹² all the evening. Just fancy, I was not “Blindman” once.

Have you got many toys at home?

I have a great many    tin soldiers, but that is all, as I don’t care for anything else.

Annie    has    many more toys than    I have: thirteen ²⁷, a doll’s house,    and all her baby-toys; ²⁵,

some ²⁶, and a gorgeous ³⁰. She is not at all destructive.

Have you and Annie begun to learn music?

Yes; I am learning to play ⁵⁵, and Annie plays ⁵⁷. She    does not do anything but

scales    and    exercises, but I play    all sorts of tunes. I can pick them    up myself and play them

by ear. AYouldn’t you like to hear how far I have got? 1 have not done my practising to-day.

AVe will have a game to-night; what shall it be? AYould you like to play (at) 13 or ³⁹ ? Or would you rather have a game of ¹⁹ ?

I am afraid it is too difficult for me; I am not clever at that sort of thing; but I should like you to teach me ²⁰.

AYith pleasure. Look here; ¹⁸ is chequered; we put our ²⁰ in two rows on either side of ¹⁸, and then we have to move forward, either straight or aslant, and the game is for each to take as many of his enemy’s ²⁰ as possible.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES.

they playing at?

You see two boys here, one of whom is just going to jump over the other; what are

of the notes?

Tell me the names of the cards you see here?

When you play at billiards you strike .... with What is a drum beaten with? And ivith what do you play on a violin?

What do you press ivith your feet when you want to increase or diminish the sound

s>

Mention the musical instruments you see here?

AYrite sentences containing the following words: 23, 24, 28, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 45, 46, 50, 53, 58.

es Jack a dull boy.“

“All work and

s?%\t,uofeTs,

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Goldschmidt, Englische Bildertafeln. 4. Aull.

VOCABULARY

ARRANGED

ACCORDING TO THE MEANING OF THE WORDS.

sons,

can answer the questions, make mistakes, get a good mark,

or a bad one.

A report.

A prize.

The top boy.

The bottom boy.

To be naughty.

To fidget.

To be put in the corner.

To be kept in,

(in detention).

—    expelled.

—    flogged.

—    late.

To play the truant. Multiplication. The pupils write    Division,

pot-hooks,    Long division.

28

Quotation-marks.

Inverted corn- ! To tack ' To baste To hem

The sleeves.

The wrist-band.

A running.

The runner is put in and drawn through with a bodkin.

The arm-hole.

The neck.

The selvedge.

The breadth, i The length.

THE SCHOOL.

A university consists of colleges.

A high-school is generally for girls.

A grammar-school is for boys.

A board-school used to be governed by the school-board.

A school is opened and directed by a head-master or a head-mistress.

The principal of a college.

The head-master is assisted by: teachers, or masters and mistresses.

A class-mistress.

A music-master.

A music-mistress.

A private governess.

The teachers teach the pupils, question them, explain to them, go through the next lesson with them, give a lesson, praise, blame, correct, • punish.

The pupils learn: spelling, reading, * writing, drawing, arithmetic, sewing,

knitting,

music,

games,

gymnastics.

They have their gymnastic drill.

They learn their native tongue, its grammar and literature, analysis, parsing.

They learn

natural history, botany, geography, natural science or physics, mathematics, algebra, geometry, history,

languages, etc.

The pupils

know their les

! hangers, and letters.

A capital letter.

A small letter.

Figures.

Exercises.

To do a copy.

The copy.

To make a blot.

To blot it with blotting-paper.

A hand-blotter.

The pupils write dictation, exercises, construing, paraphrases, essays.

They make a rough copy and a fair copy.

A lined note-book.

A note-book without lines.

A copy-book.

An exercise-book.

The margin.

A school-book.

A primer.

A reader.

A thumb-mark.

A dog’s ear.

“Lessons in Botany“, etc.

A dictionary.

A grammar.

An atlas.

A map.

A register of marks.

A good-conduct book.

Arithmetic.

To do arithmetic.

Addition.

Subtraction.

Short division.

A question.

To answer a question.

The answer.

A sum.

To do a sum.

To carry.

The number carried.

To borrow.

The numbers.

The odd numbers.

The even numbers.

The ten figures.

0, nought.

=, equals or is equal to. •

1-|-2 = 3, one plus two are three.

1 — 1, one minus one.

4X4, four multiplied by four.

7 or 28:7, twenty-eight divided by seven.

⁴/u, four elevenths.

4 is the numerator, 11 the denominator.

A fraction.

The unitary

method or the rule of three.

The units.

The tens, etc.

Punctuation and Orthography.

, Comma.

; Semicolon.

: Colon.

. Full stop.

[ Note of inter-{ rogation or ( question-stop. ! Note of exclamation.

—    Dash.

-    Hyphen.

mas.

|| | Brackets.

§ Section or paragraph.

’ Apostrophe.

* Asterisk.

A vowel.

A consonant.

A diphthong.

A syllable.

A word.

A monosyllable.

A dissyllable.

A trisyllable.

A polysyllable.

A rule.

An exception.

To apply a rule.

An examination.

To go in for an examination.

To pass an examination.

To fail.

The examinee.

The examiner.

An outside examiner.

The viva voce or oral examinations.

The written examinations.

Words Used for a Girl’s Work.

Needlework.

To do needlework. The eye of a needle. To thread a needle. The point of a needle.

The thread.

The end.

A needleful.

A stitch.

To durn down.

The turning.

To fold a hem.

To unpick —

This hem has come undone.

To fasten off the thread.

Back-stitch.

Hem-stitch.

Stitching.

Herrin g-bone stitch.

Buttonhole stitch.

To make a chemise.

To cut it out by a pattern.

The wrong side of the stuff.

The right side.

One has to cut the bands lengthwise, and not on the cross of the stuff.

A gusset.

A yoke.

To gather.

To stroke the gathers.

The - seams in the side.

To fell the seams.

To overcast.

A sewing-machine.

ers.

to.

some friends staying with us.

Visitors.

To pay a call.

I went to see them.

or

or

The

giblets.

Chain-stitch.

Lock-stitch.

To embroider.

To trace the pattern.

To widen the holes with a stiletto. Scalloping.

The initials.

To do woolwork. Canvas.

A wool-needle. Cross-stitch.

To do cross-stitch.

To do crochet. A chain-stitch. A triple-stitch. Insertion.

Lace.

To make pillow-lace.

To darn \ a rent, To patch J a tear. To mend.

A darning-needle.

A reel of cotton or yarn.

A ball of cotton or yarn.

A skein.

A threadpaper.

To knit a stocking. To cast it on.

The welt.

A plain stitch.

A purl stitch.

The seam or the close stitch.

To drop a stitch.

To pick it up.

To narrow.

To widen.

To heel.

To cast off the heel. To cast off a stocking.

A pattern-stocking. To hold yarn.

To wind yarn.

A knot.

To fold up one’s work.

The recreation, the break.

A term.

The vacation.

The holidays.

THE FAMILY.

The husband.

The wife.

The parents.

The father.

The mother.

The children.

A son.

A boy.

A daughter.

A girl.

The first born.

The eldest.

The youngest.

To be a minor.

A ward.

A guardian.

English men and women come of age at twenty-one.

To be of age.

A brother.

A sister.

Brothers and sist-

An uncle.

An aunt.

A nephew.

A niece.

A cousin.

A first cousin.

A second —

A grandfather.

A grandmother.

A great grandmother, etc.

Our ancestors.

Our forefathers.

To be connected with.

She is a cousin of mine.

A relation or a relative.

A father-in-law, etc.

An uncle by marriage.

A half-brother.

A half-sister.

A step-father.

A step-child.

An adopted child.

An adoptive mother.

An orphan.

The Christian name.

To call one by one’s Christian name.'

The surname.

Her maiden name was . . .

A pet name.

What is this short for?

A nickname.

A child is born.

A still-born child.

A baby.

It is washed and swaddled by its mother, or by the nurse.

It is put into its cradle and rocked.

It sucks the mother.

She suckles it.

A wet-nurse.

A monthly nurse. This child was brought up by hand.

The child is named, it is christened or baptised.

A godfather.

A godmother.

To stand godfather. The child is vaccinated.

To babble.

To notice.

—    crawl.

—    creep.

—    walk.

—    talk.

To be sent to school.

A baby.

An infant.

A boy.

A youth.

A lad.

A young man.

A swell.

A girl.

A young lady.

To be confirmed. To come of age.

To fall in love.

To make love to.

To propose to.

To make an offer

To be engaged.

—    betrothed.

—    married.

I publish the banns of marriage between . . .

The wedding.

A best man.

To choose one’s profession.

To support a family.

A calling.

A situation.

Maturity.

Middle age.

Old age.

To be decrepit.

Second childhood.

To be in one’s dotage.

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS USED IN HOUSEKEEPING.

Meals aud Domestic Service.

Food.

A meal.

Breakfast.

Lunch.

Afternoon-tea.

Meat-tea.

Dinner.

Supper.

A party.

A dinner-party.

An “At Home”.

A reception-day. “Friday is my day.” A dance.

A soiree.

A banquet.

A ball.

A drinking-bout.

A fancy-dress ball. A public entertainment.

A wedding.

A silver wedding. A golden wedding. A diamond wedding.

A christening.

The host.

The hostess.

The gentleman of the house.

The lady of the house.

Guests.

Friends.

Some people came to see us.

We had

A cover,

A plate,

A place.

The menu or The bill of fare. The different courses are:

Soup or fish.

Meat.

Vegetables.

Pudding.

Sweets.

Cheese.

Dessert.

Dinner is ready. Dinner is served. Dinner is on the table.

Soups.

Clear soup.

Pea-soup.

Potato-soup.

Tomato-soup.

Hare-soup.

Gravy-soup.

Vermicelli-soup.

Curry-soup.

White-soup.

Turtle-soup.

Mock-turtle soup.

Meat.

Roast meat.

Boiled —

Stewed —

Potted —

Smoked —

Salted — Forcemeat.

A joint is a large piece of meat; a steak is fried in thin slices.

Hash.

Beef.

Roast-beef.

The libs.

A sirloin of beef. Beef-steak.

An ox-tongue. Rump-steak.

Yeal.

Yeal-cutlet.

Veal-pie.

A fillet of veal. Calf’s head. Mock-turtle. Sweetbread of veal. Round of veal.

Mutton

Shoulder of mutton.

Saddle of mutton.

Leg-

Neck

Mutton-chop. Shoulder of lamb.

Pork.

Bacon.

Ham.

A flitch of bacon.

Black-pudding.

Pork-sausage.

Pork-pie.

Chitterlings.

A rasher of bacon. Brawn.

Souse.

Game.

Roast venison. Saddle of venison. Haunch of venison. Hare.

Pheasant.

Black-cock.

Partridge.

Ptarmigan.

Snipe.

Woodcock.

Poultry.

Hen.

Chicken.

Turkey.

Capon.

Goose.

Duck.

Pigeon.

A wing.

A leg.

The drumstick.

The back.

The carcass.

A slice of the breast.

The liver.

The gizzard.

The feet.

The heart. Giblet-pie. Pigeon-pie.

Fish.

Salt-water fish. Fresh-wather fish. Herrings.

Kippers.

Bloaters.

Sprats.

White-bait.

Trout.

Salmon.

Sole.

Plaice.

Turbot.

Flounder.

Carp.

Pike.

Whiting.

Cod.

Haddock.

Eel.

Anchovies.

Sardines.

Oysters.

Mussels.

Scallops.

Periwinkles.

Shrimps.

Prawns.

Crawfish or Crayfish.

Crabs.

Lobsters.

Eggs can be:

boiled, soft-boiled, hard-boiled, overdone, underdone, fried, poached, buttered or scrambled, beaten up.

An omelet.

The yolk.

The white.

The shell.

Aerated

waters.

A coffee-berry.

The grounds.

A filtering-bag.

To draw or infuse. Tea.

The leaves.

Milk.

Cream.

Cocoa.

To roast on a jack at an open fire. One hangs up the jack in front of the fire, the meat is put on the spit; the jack is wound up, and turns round with the meat;

the dripping is collected in a pan underneath and now and then poured over the meat:

the meat is basted.

To make a soup. The herbs season the soup.

To skim the scum off the soup.

It boils.

Gravy-jelly.

Meat is lean,

A Housemaid’s Work.

To make a bed.

To tidy a room.

To sweep it.

To empty the slops. The sweepings.

A broom.

To dust.

A duster.

To black To clean To rub the dirt off a dress.

To brush the dirt off a dress.

A tidy, methodical, clean

housemaid.

A Laundry.

To collect the dirty clothes or the wash.

To soak.

To soap.

To boil in copper.

To rub.

To rinse.

To wring.

To hang up on clothes-lines in

the

Vegetables.

Salads are made of lettuce, beet-root, cress,

mustard,

radishes.

Pickles are made with gherkins.

—    walnuts,

—    cauliflower,

—    beet-root, etc. Different sorts of

cabbage are: kale,

Brussels-sprouts Savoy cabbage,

etc.

Spinage.

Tomatoes.

Stewed rhubarb.

Celery.

Onions.

Asparagus.

Peas.

Beans.

French beans.

Scarlet runners.

Broad beans.

French beans.

Potatoes can be: baked, boiled, fried, mashed.

Dessert.

Apples.

Pears.

Peaches.

Grapes.

Oranges.

Hazel-nuts.

Filberts.

Brazil-nuts.

Walnuts.

Cocoa-nuts.

Butter-nuts.

Figs.

Plums.

Apricots.

Bananas.

Candied fruit. Jam.

Marmalade. Golden sirup. Treacle.

Honey.

Gooseberry-fool.

Custard.

Chocolat-e-mould.

Jelly.

Cheese.

Stilton cheese. Cheshire — American — Dutch — Gorgonzola. Gruyere.

Various Dishes.

Plum-pudding.

Milk-pudding.

Rice-pudding.

Sago-pudding.

Suet-pudding.

Apple-dumpling.

Apple-pie.

The pie-crust.

Porridge.

Sandwiches.

Bread and butter. Toast.

Apple-sauce.

Pastry and Cakes.

Plum-cake. Seed-cake. Cocoa-nut cake. Swiss roll.

Madeira cakes. Plum-tart. Mince-pie. Ginger-bread. Crumpets and muffins.

Wafer-cakes.

Scones.

Milk-cakes.

Biscuits.

Drinks.

Water.

Milk.

Sodawater.

Seltzerwater.

Gingerbeer.

Lemonade.

Champagne.

Coffee.

Black coffee. Strong — Weak.

Liqueurs.

Curagoa.

Cognac.

Cherry-brandy.

Brandy.

Whisky.

Gin.

Claret.

Burgundy.

Portwine.

Sherry.

Madeira.

Rhenish wine.

Hock.

Sauterne.

Cider.

Mead.

Small beer.

Burton ale.

Stout.

Porter.

Lemon-squash.

Grog.

Toddy.

Punch.

Alcohol.

Intoxicants.

To drink deep.

To sip.

To propose a toast. To drink somebody’s health.

A parting-glass.

Various Expressions at Table.

To lay the table.

To take off (out) the soup and put on the meat.

To carve.

To help.

A help or a helping.

May I give you a little more?

Yes, please.

No, thank you.

May I trouble you for the salt?

Water, please.

Pass the bread, please.

To help the wine.

To empty a bottle.

To uncork another.

An unopened bottle.

To fill the glasses.

To have had enough.

To clear the table.

To brush off the crumbs.

To take off the table-cloth.

To fold it up.

The Kitchen.

To cook.

To make tea.

— coffee.

In a kitchen-range there is a

self-feeding boiler, a flue to let out the smoke, and a damper to regulate the draught.

The iron rack above the kitchen-range is used to warm the plates on.

One grills or broils on a gridiron.

One bakes in an oven.

To toast bread.

To fry bacon, cheese, etc.

up.

—    over.

—    away.

—    down.

It simmers.

To stew.

To preserve fruit. To boil jam up again. .

To strain through muslin.

To mash or rub through a sieve. To pound in a mortar with a pestle. To roast coffee.

To grind coffee in a coffee-mill.

To mince meat.

A chopping-board.

A chopper.

To chop fruit, vegetables, suet, etc. To grate bread.

A grater.

To kill a bird.

—    pluck —

—    singe —

—    clean —

—    rinse —

—    lard —

—    stuff —

A larding-pin.

To clean a fish.

To scrape off the

scales.

The entrails.

To make pastry.

A paste-board.

A rolling-pin.

Yeast.

To rise.

Dough.

Juice.

Gravy.

Sauce.

fat, tough.

tender,

gristly.

A dish can be delicious, insipid, sweet, savoury, acid, fresh, salt,

too salt, raw,

underdone, not cooked, well cooked, overdone, tainted.

Butter"! can be

Bacon J rancid.

To clean the kitchen.

To sweep (up) the hearth.

To wash up the things.

To wipe them.

To clean or polish the windows and the silver.

To scrub the tables.

To scour the pans.

shoes.

the drying-ground.

A clothes-peg or pin.

The clothes are rough-dried.

To sprinkle.

To fold.

To mangle.

To starch.

To iron.

A flat iron.

To scorch.

The clothes are folded up and put away.

To air.

The washing-bill.

To pay.

The washerwoman. The laundress.

To receipt.

A washing-tub.

A copper.

W ashing-powder. Lye.

Soap.

Soda.

Wood.

Coal.

Peat.

The wash(ing)-house.

Grocery.

Sugar.

Granulated sugar. Powdered sugar. Castor-sugar.

Brown sugar.

Loaf-sugar.

Lump-sugar.

A piece of sugar. Sugar-candy.

Spices.

Pepper.

Ginger.

Nutmeg.

Mace.

Cloves.

A stick of cinnamon.

V anilla.

Cayenne pepper. Mustard.

Cardamom.

Pimento.

Coffee.

Chicory.

Tea.

Salt.

Vinegar.

Oil.

Rice.

Vermicelli.

Macaroni.

Starch

Blue.

Pearl-barley.

Semolina.

Sago.

Meal.

Plour.

Chocolate

A tablet of chocolate.

A stick of chocolate.

Barley-sugar. Candied peel.

Figs.

Kaisins.

Plums.

Grapes.

Petroleum.

Paraffin-oil. Tobacco.

Cigars and Cigarettes.

To smoke.

A quid of tobacco. To chew tobacco. Snuff.

To take snuff.

A poulterer.

A haberdasher.

A linen-draper.

A grocer.

An eating-house keeper.

An innkeeper.

A confectioner.

A manufacturer.

A wholesale dealer.

A retail dealer.

A second-hand clothes dealer.

A second-hand shop.

A tradesman.

To deal in silk.

A commercial traveller.

A ship-broker.

To clear a ship at the customhouse.

A hogshead is a large The consols, cask of indefinite A shareholder, contents.

A pipe = 2 hogsheads.

A dozen =12 pie-

score =    20

pieces.

A gross =144 pie-

A pawn-broker.

EXPRESSIONS To pawn a thing.

AND WORDS USED IN BUSINESS AND SHOPPING.

Buying.

Selling.

Purchase.

Sale.

Carrying-trade. Exchange in kind. England has the greatest trade in. the world. Production. Manufacture.

A manufacturing-town.

A commercial town.

A firm.

A partnership.

A senior partner.

A junior partner.

A sleeping partner, j “Jones, Late Baker”.

The principal.

The employer.

A cashier.

A book-keeper.

A copying-clerk.

An auditor.

A shop-keeper.

A shopman.

A shop-woman.

A shop-boy.

A shop-girl.

An assistant.

The day of payment.

The shop-keeper sends in his account.

To summon one’s customers.

To sue one’s deb- ! A tors.

The wares are: foreign, genuine, imitation . . . raw, natural, prepared, mixed, expensive, dear.

“I paid a high price for it.”

“I bought it cheap.”

A low price.

The goods are: imported, exported, are packed in tubs, barrels, parcels, boxes,

{ bales.

I A cargo.

A large stock.

To unpack.

The package.

The packing is bad or good.

Cord.

String.

Paper.

Paste - board.

| Sackcloth.

A selling-off.    Oilcloth.    in a business.

A sale of salvage T \e g°ocls are yold; The interest.

goods.    fy weight,

,, ,    i,    .    by measure,

Below    the    cost    seJparately;

by the piece, by the dozen, etc.

1 pound (lb.) = 16 To draw a cheque.

ounces (oz.). To cash a cheque.

1 quarter = 28 lbs. A cheque on one’s 1 hundred-weight

i (cwt.) = 112 lbs. ! a cheque is pay-1 yard = 86 inches, j 1 ell = 45 inches, j 1 mile = 1760

To forfeit one’s pledge.

To take out of

pawn.

A stock-broker.

I A banker.

A usurer.

To sell by auction.

The auctioneer.

To go to the hammer.

The goods are knocked down at this or that price.

Going, going, going, gone!

The buyers bid for the things, j A clearance-sale.

A merchant.

A universal provider.

A dealer in china, etc.

A tea-dealer.

A horse-dealer.

A provision-dealer. A cheesemonger.

A fishmonger.

price.

The selling-price. The current price. At the present rate. A remnant.

The customers.

The customers buy, spend money, get a pattern,

—    specimen,

—    sample, see, reject, choose, pay cash,

get a discount of 10 per cent (°/₀), pay on delivery, take on credit, pay by instalments.

yards.

1 German mile equals about 4*/2 English miles.

ces.

ces.

The chief-office. A branch-office.

The shares, stocks, j The name.

etc. are j Stores are associations of consumers, who get a reduction on all their purchases, as well as interest on their investments.

bonds

at. . .

They sink.

—    fall.

—    rise.

The standard of coin is gold or; silver.

The rate of ex- !

change.

A tradesman has A. letter of credit, his profit or loss, To change English he gains or loses. money into The income.    German money. „ . ,

The expenses.    1 sovereign = 1 ^

j The yearly turn- j pound = £ 1 = over. *    20 shillings.

The gross earnings. 1 guinea = 21 s.

¹ Half-a-sovereign =

10 s.

The net profit.

All that is sold is j

written down in I Half-a-guinea = 10/6 = ten shil-

the ledger.

To keep the books. üngs aud six_

To do book-keeping pence = ten and by double entry.

To make up the accounts.

The auditor exa- | \ florin = 2 s. mines or balan- i Eighteenpence = 1/6.

six.

A crown = 5 s.

Half-a-crown= 2/6,

Stuffs for Dresses.

Silk.

Velvet.

Plush.

Brocade.

Taffeta.

Gauze.

Crape.

Grenadine.

Net.

Indian silk. China silk. Surah silk. Shot-silk.

Woollen Stuffs.

ces the accounts.

The yearly balan- Is. = 12 d. = 12 JVPerino. cing of the accounts.

Cashmere.

₀. l’ence-    Flannel.

Sixpence.    Alpaca.

The    balance-sheet.    , Threepence.    Broadcloth.

To    stop    payment.    •¹ Twopence    halfpen- Xweed.

Cloth. Serge.

To be bankrupt.

An inventory is j Three halfpence, made of all the : -A- penny = 4 far-goods in the things = 2 halfstock.    I pennies.

ny.

To start a business, j To invest money j An or(jer

A commission. A price-list.

I A prospectus.

Linen, etc.

Damask.

Muslin.

I Embroidered mus-

lin.

Compound inter

est.

To put money into a bank.

To take it out.

banker.

“How much is this?”

“What do charge for this?”

“What is the price of this?”

“We have not got that in stock.”

you

able to the bea-

at sight, at WI have not got this or that time, any change; can when due.    i S’⁰¹¹ change this

sovereign?”

“Are you being attended to?”

! Printed muslin. Cambric.

Canvas.

Lawn.

Tulle.

Bolting-cloth. Lace.

Nottingham-lace. Valenciennes — Brussels — Shirting.

rer

Cotton, etc.

A five-pound note. t A pint = 4 gills = A bill.

To endorse a bill or A quart = 2 pints. | a cheque.

A gallon = 4 quarts. ; A bank-note.

A bushel = 8 gal- J A government-ions.

A barrel = 4 bushels.

12 ounces.

bond.

A mortgage on a farm, etc.

To get a bill.

To have an account J A quarter cask = 8 A first mortgage.

I A share in the stocks.

at . . .

bushels.

‘Have you had your change?”

The paying-desk. The till.

The shop.

The premises.

The store-rooms. The office.

The entrance.

Calico. Tarlatan. Mackintosh. Oilcloth. Velveteen. Sateen. Nankeen, i Lasting. Dimity.

Fur.

Otter-skin.

Sable.

The Different De-1 At the haber-partinents are:

The Trousseau • The linen-draper’s

Department.

table-cloths, table-napkins.

or

on.

lar.

ted.

To sew by machine. To machine. Chain-stitch. Lock-stitch.

To fasten off the thread.

To cut out.

To plait.

To line.

To face.

To eke out.

To trim.

To take out the basting-threads. A gore.

A gusset.

A fringe.

A loop.

A string.

A band.

A tape.

A bow.

Buttonholes.

A hook.

An eye.

A loop.

A strap.

the

Marten-skin. Ermine. Seal-skin. Bear —

Fox —

Dog — Sheep

A stuff is striped, chequered, spotted, self-coloured, twilled.

Table-linen:

Sheets.

Pillow-slips or

Pillow-cases.

Dusters.

Tea-cloths, etc. .

The Baby Linen Department.

The swaddling-clothes.

A napkin.

A pilch.

A bib.

The Hosiery Department.

Cotton stockings. Cashmere stockings. Silk stockings.

Caps.

Jerseys.

Shawls.

Cotton gloves.

The Linen-Drapery and Haberdashery Department.

A cap.

Collars.

Frills, frilling Tuckers.

Cuffs.

A front.

A fichu.

Linen.

Tapes.

Braids.

Needles.

Pins.

Hat-Pins.

Hooks and eyes. Clasps.

A buckle.

Yarn.

Thread.

Tailor’s twist. Gloves.

Fancy-Goods.

Purses.

Fans.

Card-cases.

Knick - knacks. Spectacle - cases. Paper-knives. Inkstands.

Card - trays. Tobacco - pouches.

“Where

Do You Buy Your

Gloves?“ dasher’s or

The glovemaker’s. What size do you take ?

To stretch.

To button.

Talc.

Castor gloves.

Kid gloves.

Suedes or Swedish gloves. Gauntlet gloves.

A mitten.

A muffetee.

A glove - stretcher. A button-hook.

Hats.

A milliner.

A hat.

A bonnet.

A cap.

A toreador, toque. A hood.

A turned-up hat.

A hat turned-up on one side.

A cocked hat.

The crown.

The front.

The brim.

The trimming.

The lining.

The shape of a hat. The block.

A wire frame.

To trim a hat.

To trim up an old one.

A bow.

A pompon.

A bunch of flowers. A hat is trimmed with: ribbons, flowers, feathers.

A wing.

A n ostrich - feather. A gentleman’s hat. A hatter.

A felt hat.

A top-hat or A chimney-pot.

A straw hat.

A silk hat. A fur cap.

Shoes.

A shoe.

A patten, a clog.

A slipper.

Pumps.

Boots.

Top - boots. Wellington boots. Bluchers.

Galoshes.

Gaiters.

Spats.

A lace-boot.

An elastic-side boot. A button-boot.

The sole.

The vamp.

The toe.

The lace.

The tab.

The shoemaker or bootmaker measures you.

You try the boots

They are too large. They are too small. They pinch you.

He stretches them. They fit.

To repair.

To (re-)sole.

A Gentleman’s Clothes.

A boy’s suit. Juvenile suits.

A Norfolk jacket. An ulster.

A fur coat.

A mackintosh is a waterproof india-rubber-coat.

An overcoat.

A morning-coat.

A frock-coat.

A pair of trousers. Braces.

The drawers.

Knickerbockers.

Breeches.

A waistcoat.

A dress-coat.

A swallowtail - coat. An evening-coat.

A tailor.

A Lady’s Dress.

A dress.

The skirt.

The waist-band. The belt.

The braid.

To braid or To bind the skirt. The bottom lining. A train.

An overskirt hides the whole of the underskirt or the foundation.

A polonaise hides part of it.

A draped skirt.

A plain skirt.

To drape a skirt.

A flounce.

The heading of the flounce.

A tuck.

A plait.

A box-plait.

An apron.

A pinafore.

The bodice.

The lining.

The front.

A side piece.

A back piece.

The back.

The seams.

The breast-plaits or The darts.

A sleeve.

The upper sleeve. The under sleeve. This armhole is too tight; it must be cut out.

To take in a sleeve. To let it out.

A short sleeve.

An elbow-sleeve. The cuff.

The wrist-band.

A puff-sleeve.

A high sleeve.

A puff can be slashed with . . .

A sleeve is tight or loose.

The cutting out of the neck.

The neck.

A tucker.

A collar.

A stand-up collar. A ruffle.

A turned-down col-

A high collar.

A sailor-collar.

To have the bodice faced with.

A vest or A front.

A braiding.

Revers.

A blouse.

A ball-dress.

A court-dress.

A court-train.

A wedding-dress.

A fancy —

A high —

A low —

A dress with a v-shaped neck.

A pointed low neck. A square neck.

An evening-dress.

A calling-dress.

A morning- —

An afternon--

A tea-gown.

A travelling-dress. A walking-dress.

A cape.

A mantle.

A jacket.

A loose-fitting-jacket.

A shawl.

A coat.

A dust-cloak.

A waterproof.

A cloak.

A fur cloak.

The dressmaker takes one’s measure.

To cut out the dress by a pattern.

She fits or tries it

on a person.

The person fits the dress.

To come to be fit-

She lets it out.

She takes it in.

A dress fits you; it. suits you.

To tack the seams. To run To baste To sew —

To overcast them.

A dress can be: hooked, buttoned, laced.

To do up a dress. To fasten it.

To undo it. To button.

To unbutton.

What is Used in Dressmaking.

Lining.

Sateen.

Buckram.

Whalebone.

Wadding.

Cotton, etc.

In what style do you want your dress ?

A stylish dress.

A loose dress.

A tight dress.

A fashion-plate.

A good figure.

To lace one’s stays. To pinch oneself.

THE HUMAN BODY.

The body consists of the head, the trunk, the limbs.

The Head.

The skull.

The brain.

The hair.

The back of the head.

The top of the head.

The brow.

The forehead.

The temples.

The eyebrows.

The socket of the eye.

The eye.

The eyeball.

The eyelids.

The eyelashes.

The white of the eye.

The iris.

The pupil.

The optic nerve.

The tear-sac, tear-bag.

The lachrymal gland.

The lobe of the ear.

The ear-passage.

The labyrinth.

The drum of the ear or

The tympanum.

The auditory ossicles.

The auditory nerve.

The sound passes through the ear to the nerve, which transmits it to the brain.

off.

thin, long, short, silky, rough.

The hair can be: dark, fair, black, auburn, brown, yellow, red, grey, white.

The Upper Limbs. To do one’s hair.

To comb it.

To brash it.

The fine comb.

The large —.

To wash one’s head. To curl one’s hair. Curled hair. Curling-irons. Curling-tongs. Curl-papers.

To snip one’s hair. I To cut it.

To shave oneself. The razors.

A shaving-basin.

A shaving-brush. The soap.

To lather.

The lather.

The Skin, etc.

The epidermis. The dermis.

A pore.

A sweat-gland. The flesh.

The sinews.

A muscle.

A bone.

The skeleton.

A joint. Cartilage.

A vein.

An artery.

The blood.

The complexion can be:

dark,

fair,

sunburnt,

brown,

clear.

The senses are; sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, or the sense of . . .

The Eye.

To see.

To look at.

distinctly.

indistinctly.

The cheeks.

The cheek-bones.

A dimple.

The nose.

The nostrils.

Snivel.

The olfactory nerve.

The mouth.

The lips.

The upper lip.

The under lip.

The teeth are embedded in the gums.

The incisors.

The eye-teeth.

The molars or The grinders.

A wisdom-tooth. The milk-teeth.

To cut one’s teeth. The tongue.

Spittle or saliva. The gustatory nerve.

The uvula. Sometimes people’s tonsils are cut

The epiglottis covers the opening of the trachea.

The larynx.

The root of the tongue.

The salivary glands.

Spit, spittle.

The upper jaw.

The lower jaw.

The chin.

Down.

His beard is sprouting.

Mutton-chop whiskers.

Whiskers.

Moustache(s).

An imperial.

A pointed beard.

A full beard.

The Trunk.

The neck.

The nape of the neck.

The throat.

She has a beautiful neck.

A low dress suits her.

The chest.

The breast.

The breasts.

The teat or nipple. The stomach.

The waist.

The abdomen.

The belly.

The ribs.

The back.

The small of the back.

The vertebral column.

The backbone.

A vertebra, pi. se.

The spinal cord.

He has hurt his spine.

He has broken his spine.

The bottom.

The loins.

The upper arm.

The shoulder.

The shoulder-blade,

The collar-bone. The armpit.

The elbow.

The under arm.

The wrist.

The hand.

The back of the hand.

The palm.

The fingers.

The knuckles.

The thumb.

The first finger or the forefinger. The second —

The third —

The little —

A nail.

The root of a nail.

The Lower Limbs.

The hip.

The thigh.

The knee.

The knee-pan.

The ham.

The hamstring is the tendon of the ham.

The calf.

The shin.

The instep.

The ankle.

The heel.

The sole of the foot. The toes.

The big toe.

The Hair.

The hairs are: curly, wavy, bristly, smooth, fine, thick,

split at the end.

The hair is: thick,

To notice.

To distinguish.

To open one’s eyes. To shut one’s eyes. To blink.

To wink at a person.

His eyes twinkled. To scowl on or at. To frown on or at. A look.

He saw it at a glance.

To stare.

To glare.

To weep.

To cry.

To stop crying.

The tears.

What the Nose Can Do.

To smell.

To smell a flower.

To blow one’s nose.

To sneeze.

To snuffle or to speak with a nasal twang.

To draw one’s breath.

The Ear.

To hear.

To listen to.

A sharp ear.

A quick ear.

A fine ear.

A musical ear.

No ear.

To be hard of hearing.

Deaf.

Stone-deaf.

The Mouth.

If your nose is stuffed up, you draw your breath through the mouth.

To talk to a person.

To speak.

To gibber.

To talk twaddle.

To talk loud or loudly.

To talk low.

— softly.

To whisper. To lisp.

To sing.

To hum.

To warble.

To put out one’s tongue at a person.

To yawn.

To sigh.

To laugh.

To grin.

To laugh in one’s sleeve.

To smile.

To giggle.

To sneer.

To scoff.

To leer.

To eat.

To feed.

To bite.

To taste.

To chew or masticate.

To splutter.

To gnaw.

To smack the lips. To drivel.

To swallow.

To gulp.

To gorge.

To stuff.

To drink.

To spit.

To lick.

To hiccough.

To cough.

To grind one’s teeth.

To smoke.

To kiss.

My teeth chattered with cold.

The Arms.

To stretch out one’s arms to take something.

To stretch oneself and yawn.

To embrace.

To carry.

To bear.

To support.

To lift.

To lean on one’s elbows.

To push one’s way.

To fold one’s arms.

To bend them.

The Hands.

To touch.

To feel.

To catch hold of. To get hold of.

To grip.

To grasp.

A firm grasp.

Can you hold it fast? Or shall you let it go?

To let go one’s hold.

To hold.

To push.

To pull.

To press.

To squeeze.

To caress.

To stroke.

To pet.

To fondle.

He pressed her to his heart.

My hand tickles.

I must scratch myself, or rub myself.

I have clawed off the skin.

The smart.

My fingers itch to do that.

To tickle.

To strike.

To beat.

To give a sound drubbing.

To thrash.

To flog.

The birch.

The rod.

To give one a slap.

To make a long nose at one.

The Feet and the Legs.

To creep.

To crawl.

To walk.

To glide.

To slide.

To run.

To loiter.

To flee.

To pass.

To fall on one’s knees.

To walk on tiptoe. To mount a horse. To ascend or climb a mountain.

To dance.

To skate.

To climb up a tree. To spring.

To jump.

To hop.

To limp.

To walk backwards.

To stride.

To go on horseback.

To sit astride of the horse.

To ride like a lady. To turn round.

To tread upon.

To squat.

To cross one’s legs. To kick.

To stamp.

To sleep well. | Envy.

“I slept well last; Ambition, night.“

He is a bad sleeper.

A good sleeper.

To have the nightmare.

A somnambulist.

— warm.    , T ,.

To have had food ImPaltiality. enough.    Courage.

Charity. Benevolence.

Energy, a buxom woman. Activity.

Industry Endurance. Perseverance. Sincerity. Honesty. Veracity. Candour.

Square built.

Well proportioned. Modesty. Bandy-legged.

Knock-kneed.

Sense of duty.

Kindness.

Goodness.

Magnanimity.

Tolerance.

Gratitude.

Pity.

Compassion.

Sympathy.

Piety.

The Simplicity of a Christian. Self-renunciation. Self-denial. Self-sacrifice.

Meekness.

Gentlenesss.

Sense of order.

I Sense of economy. Exactitude. Punctuality. Sobriety. Temperance. Moderation. Chastity.

Physical

or Mental Phases.

The Inside of the Body.

The pulsation of the heart.

The pulse beats.

The heart heats.

The blood runs in the arteries and the veins: it sustains life by its heat and motion.

The circulation of the blood.

The blood is warm, red, and liquid.

The lungs are the organs of respiration.

The larynx is covered by the epiglottis;

the continuation of the larynx is the windpipe, or the trachea,

which leads into the lungs.

The thorax contains the lungs.

The aorta is the pulmonary artery.

The diaphragm, or midriff, expands and contracts when you draw in your breath and let it out.

The pulse throbs when one is excited.

The Alimentary Canal.

The oesophagus.

The stomach.

The gastric juice.

The small intestines.

The large intestines.

The caecum.

The appendix.

The kidneys.

The liver.

The gall-bladder contains the gall or bile.

The spleen.

The bladder.

Movements of the Body in General.

To move.

To stoop.

To make a bow.

A curtsy.

To drop a curtsy. To greet.

To make a false step.

To slip.

To stumble.

To fall.

To hurt oneself.

To get up again.

To stand straight. To sit down.

To lie down.

To lie on one’s back.

To lie flat on one’s stomach.

To kneel.

To fall on one’s knees.

To drag oneself on. To swim.

To cut capers.

To turn summersaults.

To rove or.

To roam about.

To ramble.

To escape.

To enter.

To linger.

To go away.

To swagger.

To strut.

To stagger.

To reel.

To totter. •

To shake with cold. To shiver — —.

To shudder with fear.

To tremble.

To keep one’s balance.

To lose one’s balance.

To raise oneself.

He raised himself to his full height. To push one’s way. To rush forward.

To be quiet.

To stir.

To fight.

To attack.

To cling to.

To hang upon.

To stick to.

Feelings and Conditions of the Body.

To be drowsy.

— sleepy.

To fall asleep.

To sleep.

To slumber.

To snore.

To dream.

To talk in one’s sleep.

To walk in one’s sleep.

To take a nap.

To wake up.

To be awake.

To be sound asleep.

To sleep badly.

To be thirsty. — hungry.

cold.

The Normal State of a Human Being.

To be: healthy, fresh, well, strong, stout, fat, corpulent,

Flabby.

Thin.

Slender. Puny. Lank. Bony. Well knit.

The Temperament.

Melancholy.

Hypochondriacal.

Sanguine.

Phlegmatic.

Indolent.

Choleric.

Lively.

Violent.

Hot-tempered.

Ill-tempered.

Cross.

Irritable.

Nervous.

THE MORAL NATURE OF A HUMAN BEING.

A passion.

Love.

Hate.

Enthusiasm.

1 am enthusiastic about or for. . . . Rancour.

Grudge.

An inveterate hate. Anger.

Rage.

Fury.

Jealousy.

Be vengefulness.

Virtues.

Politeness.

Delicacy of feeling. A person of delicate feelings.

Mildness.

Vices.

j Selfishness..

| Self-righteousness. Egoism.

Egotism.

j Self-importance.

■ Self-love, j Self-sufficiency. Mendacity. ■ Hypocrisy. Immorality. Voluptuousness. Sensuousness. Sensuality. Prodigality. Avarice.

Gluttony.

Dipsomania.

Drunkenness.

Intemperance.

Inconstancy.

Ingratitude.

Cowardice.

Yileness.

Frailty.

W eakness.

Wickedness.

Cruelty.

Brutishness.

Brutality.

Sloth.

Laziness.

Idleness.

Carelessness.

Indifference.

Foolishness.

Folly.

Silliness.

Crime.

Sin.

A fault.

Feelings of the Soul.

Joy.

Gaiety.

Pleasure.

Enjoyment.

Delight.

Discouragement.

Sorrow.

Grief.

Dejection.

Mortification.

Contrition.

Repentance.

Remorse,

Penitence.

Despair.

Fear.

Fright.

Horror.

Terror.

Hope.

Faith.

Love.

Anger.

Indignation.

Scorn.

Disdain.

Contempt.

Rage.

Desire.

Sympathy.

Antipathy.

Enjoyment.

Pain.

Healthfulness.

Morbidness.

Weariness.

Fatigue.

To be tired,

knocked up, fagged out.

Rest.

To have rested.

To feel fresh again.

Satiety.

Surfeit.

To be surfeited.

— drunk. Drunkenness.

Dislike.

Abhorrence.

| Disgust.

To feel oneself attracted by. Ecstasy.

Illusion.

Deception.

Disenchantment.

Thoughts.

Dreams.

Visions.

Intellectual

Faculties.

The spirit.

The soul.

The understanding. Comprehension, .

feeling, and will. Sense.

Judgment.

: Power of thinking. A clear, logical head. Reasoning. Intelligence. Reflection.

Memory.

Remembrance.

Fancy.

! Fantasy. Imagination. Conscience.

Genius.

Talent.

Taste.

Ingenuity. Intuition. Inventive power. Wisdom. Prudence.

Intellectual

(Qualities.

A human being can be:

intelligent, quick, lively, genial,

jolly,

gay,

mirthful, sensitive, dull, stupid, slow,

thick-headed, jesting, scoffing, sneering, disdainful, scornful,

The tropic of Ca- | Russia, pricorn.

The arctic circle.

The antarctic circle. Latitude.

Longitude.

Tlie Principal Seas and Straits of Europe.

The Principal Rivers of Europe.

The Thames.

The Rhine.

The Elbe.

The Danube.

The Tiber.

The Rhone.

The Garonne.

The Seine.

The Neva.

The Volga.

The Ebro.

tal.

sics

contemptuous,

proud,

conscientious,

self-conscious,

conceited,

malicious,

insidious,

cunning,

not to be trusted,

deep-thinking,

learned,

clever,

an observer,

critical,

pessimistic,

optimistic.

Moral Qualities.

A person can be: honest, good, kind,

devoted to another,

courageous,

brave,

valiant,

cowardly,

heroic,

sincere,

candid,

faithful,

truthful,

veracious,

mendacious,

lovable,

charming,

affectionate,

benevolent,

virtuous,

indulgent,

tolerant,

chaste,

sensual.

To be good.

—    wicked.

—    bad.

THE EARTH.

The earth is a globe, an oblate spheroid; it is flattened at the poles.

One half of it is a hemisphere.

Its orbit is an ellipse.

The law of gravitation.

The poles.

The Equator.

A meridian.

A parallel.

The torrid zone.

The temperate zone.

The frigid zone.

The tropic of Cancer.

Europe.

America.

Asia.

Africa.

Australasia. (Australia.)

The Atlantic.

The North Sea.

The Bay of Biscay. The Mediterranean. The Adriatic.

The Black Sea.

The English Channel.

The Skager Rak. The Kattegat. The Sound.

The Great Belt. The Little Belt. The Baltic.

The Principal Mountains of Europe.

The Alps.

The Vosges.

The Jura.

The Ural.

The Appennines. The Dovre Fjeld. Vesuvius.

Mount Etna.

The Brocken.

The Principal Countries of Europe and their Capitals.

Norway.

Christiania.

Sweden.

Stockholm.

Denmark.

Copenhagen.

St. Petersburg. Moscow. Poland.

Warsaw.

Finland.

Helsingfors.

Turkey.

Constantinople.

Greece.

Athens.

Italy.

Rome.

Spain.

Madrid.

Portugal.

Lisbon.

France.

Paris.

England.

London.

Scotland.

Edinburgh,

(Edinborough).

Ireland.

Dublin.

Holland.

Amsterdam.

Belgium.

Brussels.

Germany.

Prussia.

Berlin.

Hungary.

Buda Pesth. Bohemia.

Prague.

Saxony.

Dresden.

Bävaria.

Munich.

Wiirtemberg.

Stuttgart.

Switzerland.

Bern.

Schleswig-Holstein.

Sicily.

Lombardy.

Elsinore.

Our country.

A nation.

The inhabitants of a country.

A native.

A foreigner.

THE STATE.

Every state has its government.

A country which is governed by a king, is a kingdom,

by an emperor, is an empire, by the people, is a republic.

The Commonwealth in Cromwell’s time.

The head of a republic is the President.

An individual who submits to the authorities is a subject.

A Town.

(with special regard to London).

A street.

A lane.

A road.

A crescent.

An avenue.

A vista. .

A causeway.

A blind alley.

A court.

A place.

A square.

A circus.

The pavement.

Curbstones.

Flagstones.

The gutter.

A sewer.

The carriage - road can be: paved,

macadamised, paved with, asphalt, wood. Wooden pavement. A street-lamp.

The townhall.

The Guildhall of London.

The Royal Academy of Arts.

A librarv.

The Royal Exchange.

The Bank.

The Mansion-house.

The Mint.

The theatres.

The Royal English Opera.

The Royal Italian Opera.

Covent Garden. Drury Lane.

The Lyceum, etc.

A conservatoire of music.

A university.

A college, etc.

A church.

A cathedral.

A chapel.

A museum.

The post-office.

The custom-house. The hospitals. .

A foundling-hospi-

A prison.

The barracks. A castle.

A palace.

The public safety is watched over by the police.

The policemen.

A gendarme.

A dustman.

A crossing-sweeper.

The firemen help in case of fire.

A fire-engine.

A fire-brigade.

A fire-escape.

The administration of a town.

The Lord Mayor of London.

The mayor of a town.

The London County Council.

The committees of the County Council.

The vestries are elected by the ratepayers.

England is divided into counties; in each county is a Lord Lieutenant.

The University.

A university consists of colleges.

Each college has a principal or a master or a head.

A professor, a don.

To give lectures.

The clerk of a university.

The audience..

The hall or

The dining-hall.

To go to hall.

The faculty of theology, law,

medicine, science, etc.

A technical school.

An agricultural school.

A polytechnical college.

A student of law.

A student of medicine.

A student of history, etc.

A medical student.

The arts are: clas-mathema-tics, and philosophy.

To take holy orders.

A young divine.

An undergraduate.

A Bachelor of Arts. (B. A.)

Master of Arts. (M.

A.)

Doctor of Medicine.

iM. D.)

Doctor of Divinity.

(D. D.)

Doctor of Laws.

(L. L. D.)

A bachelorship.

A mastership.

To be a fellow of this or that college.

A scholar.

To beat others at an examination.

Honours.

First class.

Second class.

To get a scholar-. ship, a bursary.

A doctor disputes, defends an idea in a treatise.

An engineer.

A chemist.

A polytechnical student.

A coach.

To be crammed for an examination.

THE CHURCH.

Faith.

Religion.

Morals.

Christianity.

A Christian. Catholicism.

A Catholic.

The Roman Catholic Church. Protestantism.

A Protestant. Judaism.

A Jew.

An Israelite. Mohammedanism.

A Mohammedan. Paganism.

A pagan. Heathenism.

A heathen.

The Gentiles. Heresy.

A heretic.

Free thought.

A freethinker.

An atheist.

The Church of England.

The High-Church. The Broad-Church. The Low-Church. The Dissenters.

The Nicene Creed. God.

Our Lord.

The Father.

The rosary. A suffragan bishop. Confession. An archdeacon.

A deacon.

A dean.

A vicar.

A curate.

A rector.

A priest of the Roman Catholic Church.

A clergyman.

A parson.

A minister.

To ordain a minister.

A canon.

A dignitary of the Church.

A prebend.

A sexton.

An undertaker.

A churchwarden.

A church-official.

A choir-boy.

A chorister.

An abbot.

A prior.

A monk.

A friar.

A nun.

A sister.

A novice.

An acolyte.

The vestry.

The parsonage.

A parish.

A parishioner.

The congregation.

ses.

I The Supreme Court of Appeal.

The House of Lords, which is the final court of appeal.

but the

The Almighty. Christ.

Jesus Christ.

The Son.

Messiah.

The Saviour.

The Redeemer.

The Holy Ghost. The Holy Spirit. The Trinity. Providence.

The Holy Virgin. The archangels.

The angels.

The cherubim.

The saints.

The evil one.

Satan.

The devil.

A demon.

The Happy Land. -Adam and Eve in Paradise. Purgatory.

Hell.

God’s grace and mercy.

The wrath of God. The justice of God. The day of judgment.

Hope.

Faith.

Charity.

To believe in God. To deny one’s faith. The Bible.

The Holy Writ.

The Old Testament.

The New Testament.

The Prophets.

The Psalms.

The Proverbs. Ecclesiastes.

The Gospels.

The Epistles,

The Revelation of St. John.

A parable.

A miracle.

A chapter.

A verse.

A church.

A churchyard.

To consecrate a church.

A cathedral.

A chapel.

The nave.

The transept.

The aisles.

The choir.

The chancel.

The altar.

The organ.

The pews.

The pulpit.

The choir-stalls.

The Pope.

An archbishop.

A bishop.

A service.

To take a service.

To conduct the service.

The Holy Communion.

The remission of one’s sins.

To administer the sacrament.

To communicate.

The communicants.

The sermon.

The first and second lessons of the day.

The prayers.

The hymns.

The anthems.

The responses.

The benediction.

The Lord’s Prayer.

To preach.

To pray.

The Roman Catholic Service.

The holy water. The holy-water sprinkler.

To sprinkle.

To count one’s beads.

Absolution.

To confess in the confessional.

A penitent confes-

Contemplation.

The sacred host in the pyx (pix).

A censer.

A wax-taper.

The mass.

To celebrate mass.

A christening.

To christen.

To be baptised in a faith.

To be prepared for confirmation.

The confirmation classes.

To be confirmed.

The first communion.

A wedding.

A marriage.

To sign the marriage-contract.

To be married to.

Their banns were published last Sunday.

The last unction.

A funeral.

The funeral knell.

The funeral procession.

The hearse.

The deposition.

The ceremony of casting earth upon the coffin.

A cemetery.

A grave.

A tombstone.

A grave-digger.

To bury.

THE LAW.

The English laws are:

Common Law.

Statute Law.

Rules of Equity.

The different courts are:

The County Court.

The Central Criminal Court of London.

The High Court of Justice, which consists of: the Chancery Division, the Queen’s Bench Division,

the Probate, Divorce , and Admiralty Division.

A judge.

Lawyers are either barristers or solicitors.

Barristers speak in court.

Solicitors prepare cases for banisters.

The clerk of a court.

The sheriff of a county.

A coroner.

The members of a jury.

The public prosecutor.

A Civil Process.

To consult a lawyer.

To bring an action against any one.

The plaintiff brings an action into , court against the defendant.

To be at law with any one.

To charge one with.

The action is pending.

It is being heard.

To claim compensation.

To win one’s action.

To receive compensation.

To lose one’s action.

A Criminal Process.

A crime is committed.

To be taken up on suspicion.

A warrant is issued.

To be arrested.

To be arrested in the very act.

To be in custody.

To be in charge.

Corpus delicti.

Circumstantial

evidence.

The witnesses have to kiss the Bible and swear to say “the truth, the whole truth, and nothing truth.”

To give evidence.

A false evidence.

To commit perjury

To take one’s oath.

The criminal’s indictment is a written statement, charging him with the crime he is accused of; it is laid before the grand jury.

If twelve of the members find it a true bill, the criminal is required to plead guilty or not guilty.

If he does not plead guilty, the proceedings go on.

Two briefs are drawn up by solicitors , one defending, and the other accusing the criminal.

The witnesses are cross - examined by barristers.

The judge sums up the evidence and represents it to the jury. (The petty jury).

All the members of this jury must agree, otherwise, there is a new trial.

The foreman announces the verdict.

“Guilty” or “Not Guilty”.

The judge decides the punishment.

To give judgment.

To be condemned to death.

To be condemned to prison.

To be condemned to pay a fine.

To be condemned to pay costs.

A sentence of death was passed on him.

If any formal mistake is made, the criminal obtains a “writ of error”, and the case is taken to a higher court.

To appeal.

To be acquitted.

To be in the dock.

The prisoner at the bar.

To begin the trial.

To open the court. The court rises.

To adjourn the court.

Crimes

and Criminals.

High treason. Political crime. Political offenders. Criminal offence is either felony or misdemeanour. Manslaughter. Murder.

A murderer.

A robber.

Robbery.

A burglar or A housebreaker.

A pickpocket.

A thief.

Theft.

Kleptomania.

A receiver of stolen property.

A swindler.

An impostor.

A coiner.

A forger.

A vagabond.

An incendiary. Incendiarism.

One who has been convicted before.

A punishment.

Five years’ penal servitude.

A prison.

A turnkey.

A workhouse.

A reformatory.

To be banished.

An exile.

A fine.

To be pardoned. General amnesty. The penalty of death.

To be hanged.

The gallows.

To have a drop of 17 feet.

The executioner.

A convict.

To be beheaded. The scaffold.

A guillotine.

To be burnt.

To be tied to the stake.

The pile.

The Inquisition.

To be put to the rack.

To break on the wheel.

A thumb-screw.

A stamp.

The stamp-duty. A patent.

and Ad-

The budget for the year is brought in by the Chancellor of the

POLITICS.

Politics include everything that concerns the government of a state.

The government or The constitution is despotic, constitutional, oligarchical), democratic, aristocratic.

The parliamentary system.

The Parliament.

The House of Lords.

The Peers.

The House of Commons.

The Speaker in the House of Commons.

The House of Lords is presided over by the Lord High Chancellor, who sits on the Woolsack.

A member of the English Parliament (M. P.) has no salary.

The different parties are: Conservatives. Liberals.

Radicals.

Democrats. Socialists. Antisocialists. Anarchists. Opportunists, country consists Reactionaries.

! Progressionists.

or

An emperor.

The Emperor Augustus.

An empress.

A czar.

A czarina.

The Czar Peter.

A czarewitch.

A czarewna.

A king.

A queen.

A queen dowager.

An heir apparent

or crown-prince, j The engineer-corps. A crown-princess, i A brigade.

A battalion.

A regiment.

A company.

The field-marshal.

A general.

A lieutenant-general.

A major-general.

A brigadier-general.

A colonel.

The First Lord of- | The royal princes, the Admiralty; The princes of the the Royal Naval royal blood. Department.

The President of An archduchess, the Board of Trade.

The Secretary of State for the Colonies.

A licence.

To apply for a licence.

The Probate, Divorce miralty Division of the High Court of Parliament.

To be separated.

To be divorced.

The Bankruptcy Court.

To stop payment.

To make a composition with one’s

creditors.

To become security

for.

To be bankrupt.

To pay 15 shillings in the pound.

Assets and Liabilities.

A loan at 5°/₀ or at an interest of five per cent.

A usurer.

A sale.

The purchase-deed.

The Chancery Division of the High Court of Parliament is in charge of the administration of estates, heirs under age, the execution of trusts, and cases relating to mortgage.

The wards in Chancery.

A guardian.

Guardianship.

To be a minor.

To come of age.

Succession.

An heir.

Inheritance.

Patrimony.

To be disinherited.

To inherit from.

A will.

The testator.

The executor of a will.

A trustee.

To bequeathe.

To leave —

A legacy.

A bequest.

Exchequer.

The national debt. The expenses.

The revenue of the

of:

The customs - duties (on imported goods).

The excise-duties (on manufactured goods).

The stamp-duty.

The income-tax.

The property-tax.

To impose a tax.

To levy a tax.

To collect a tax.

To assess a tax.

The assessment of taxes.

The tax-collecting.

A tax-collector.

To distrain upon one who cannot pay his taxes.

The bailiffs.

A tax-paper.

To be tax-free.

To he taxable.

Freehold land.

Freehold property.

Tories.

Whigs.

Unionists. Home-Rulers, etc.

The opposition.

The reaction.

The government.

The members or adherents of a party.

An adversary.

To resign one’s seat in Parliament.

A member’s constituency.

The Parliament is sitting, is not sitting.

The Parliament is dissolved or sent to the country on this or that bill.

An electoral district.

To be an elector.

The electoral rights

The franchise.

To be disenfranchised.

The £ 4-a-year-franchise has made most artisans voters, as a great many of them pay £ 4 and more in rent.

The election.

The Returning-Officer of a county.

The Mayor of a town or a borough.

Several committees are formed.

A candidate is proposed; he stands for this or that district; he sits for a district, if he is elected.

The proposers.

The supporters.

A candidate must be eligible.

To canvass for a candidate.

The register or list of electors.

To vote by ballot.

A voting-papar.

Secret voting makes intimidation impossible.

The candidate is elected or returned.

He is successful, is not successful.

He has a majority of . .

a minority of . . . A report.

A reporter.

A bill.

To propose a measure.

The promoter of a bill.

The first reading of a bill.

The second reading of a hill.

The House of Commons goes into committee.

The measure proposed is examined.

The third reading.

The House divides.

The division.

If the numbers of those in favour of the bill and of those against it, are equal, the Speaker gives the casting-vote.

The bill is passed.

An Act of Parliament.

The king chooses his ministers.

The cabinet or

The ministry in power.

A vote of want of confidence.

A vote of censure is carried against the ministry.

A government-bill is thrown out.

A ministry remains in power as long as it commands a majority in the House of Commons.

A cabinet resigns.

To turn out a ministry.

The fall of a ministry.

The different secretaries are:

The Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Treasury.

The Secretary of State for the Home Department,

the Home Department.

The Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.

The Secretary of State for the War Department.

The Lord High Chancellor is the Keeper of the Great Seal of the Realm.

All these are members of the Privy Council.

The Head of the Cabinet is the Prime Minister.

A secretary.

A clerk.

A government-official.

A diplomatist.

The diplomatic body.

An ambassador.

An embassy.

A consul.

An attache.

A legation.

The secretary of a legation.

To apply for an office.

To obtain it.

To he appointed a clerk.

To give or send in one’s resignation.

To be dismissed.

A pension.

TITLES.

The Prince of Wales.

The Princess of Wales.

The Princess Royal.

An heir presumptive.

The prince regent.

An archduke.

The Archduke John.

An elector.

An electress.

The Elector Carl.

A duke.

A duchess.

A marquis.

A marchioness.

An earl.

A viscount.

A viscountess.

A count.

A countess.

A lord.

A lady.

A knight.

Sir William Temple.

Lady Temple.

His Majesty.

His Royal Highness.

His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury.

The Most Honourable the Marquis of . . .

The Honourable Margaret S . . .

Lady Maria.

Inferiors say Sir (sir) and Madam (ma’am), when they address their superiors.

THE ARMY.

An officer.

A non-commissioned officer. A soldier.

The horse-guards. The life-guards.

A guardsman.

The cavalry.

A horse-soldier. The hussars.

The dragoons.

The infantry.

A fooLsoldier.

The artillery.

An artillery-man. The engineers.

A lieutenant-colonel.

A major.

A captain.

A lieutenant.

A sub-lieutenant.

To receive a commission as lieutenant.

To be degraded.

A cadet is a pupil at a military college.

A sergeant.

A corporal.

A ensign.

A drummer.

The (music-) band.

A sentinel.

A sentry.

To relieve a sentry.

The relief-guard.

To be on guard.

A sentry-box.

A vedette is a mounted sentinel.

A scout is sent out to reconnoitre.

An orderly.

army.

The vanguard.

The rearguard.

The flanks.

The front.

The wings.

To win or gain a battle.

To lose a battle.

To conquer somebody.

To outflank.

To gain the day.

To be beaten.

To endure or suffer A revolver, a defeat.

A carnage.

A victory.

To give way in all directions.

To charge a gun. To overcharge a gun.

To discharge a

gun.

To be put to flight. | To fire off a gun.

A fortress.

A fort.

The fortifications. The bastions.

The parapet.

The wall.

The loopholes.

The moat.

A stronghold.

A fort.

To lay a mine.

To spring a mine. A mine explodes.

A cannon or a gun. The carriage.

A ball.

A shell.

A bomb is thrown from a mortar.

A pistol.

A musket, j A bullet. Gunpowder.

Shot.

Grape-shot.

A bayonet.

A ram-rod.

A cartridge.

A cartridge-box.

A sword.

The hilt.

The blade.

The sheath.

The scabbard.

To draw one’s sword.

To brandish it.

A rapier.

A cutlass for a naval officer.

peace.

To sign the conditions of

peace.

To conclude a

A(n) hotel.

To order one’s room at the office or bureau.

The hall-porter.

A reception-clerk.

The landlord.

The host of an inn.

A waiter.

The bill of fare.

To be tired from travelling.

Home-sickness.

Sea-sickness.

Were you sea-sick coming here?

To rest.

A bill.

To pay one’s bill.

To receipt a bill.

Attendance.

Gratuity.

Tip.

A station.

A terminus.

A junction.

A pier.

A wharf.

A quay.

To be late.

To miss a train.

To lose a ship.

To have plenty of time.

To catch a train.

The booking-office.

To book a ticket to or for a place.

Can I book through here?

Have I to change?

Do you go straight through ? Southampton, third class, single.

Edinburgh, two second, return.

How many minutes’ stop here?

We are due in Copenhagen at seven.

The train is half an hour late.

It is delayed.

When does the train for Newcastle start?

The canteen.

The canteen-man.

An army-surgeon.

The ambulance.

A stretcher.

A bandage.

To dress a wound.

To bind up a wound.

To amputate.

The hospital.

A recruit is a soldier, who is not trained or drilled.

A soldier of the ranks or of the rank and file.

A half-pay soldier.

To be in garrison.

A garrison-town.

The barracks.

The head-quarters.

A provisional encampment.

A bivouac.

The camp.

To be encamped.

To encamp.

To pitch a camp.

Some soldiers are quartered in this town.

He has ten soldiers billeted upon him.

To proclaim a state of siege.

THE ROYAL NAVY.

The stations of the Navy.

I A fleet.

A line-of-battle ship.

A frigate.

A corvette.

A man-of-war.

An iron-clad.

The Board of Admiralty.

The Seven Lords of the Admiralty.

The different classes of naval officers are:

Admirals.

Yice-Admirals.

Rear-Admirals.

Captains.

Lieutenants.

Sub-lieutenants.

Midshipmen.

A training-ship.

A coxswain.

In a sailing-vessel 1 st and 2 nd mate;

in a steamer 1st and 2nd officer.

A boatswain.

A sailor.

A tar.

WAR.

A recruiting-sergeant.

To enlist soldiers.

The enlistment of the soldiers.

To press soldiers.

To take the King’s shilling.

To declare war against.

To make war.

To wrage —.

A battle.

A skirmish.

An engagement.

A drawn battle.

To draw up the forces or the

A sanguinary struggle.

A hand to hand fight.

The thick of the fight.

To take prisoner.

To besiege a town in order to storm it.

To beleaguer a town in order to starve it.

A bombardment.

To board a ship.

A naval battle.

To sink a ship.

To blow it up.

A torpedo.

An attack.

A defence.

To surrender.

To surrender at discretion.

Unconditional surrender.

A dagger.

I To spike a gun.

The charge.

To put the burning match to the touchhole.

The train leads to the match.

A cap.

To code a rifle.

The trigger.

A volley of muskets.

The report.

A cannonade.

If a gun is overladen, it will hurst.

The charge did not take fire; the gun missed fire.

To aim at something.

A target.

The hull’s eye.

The white.

To hit.

To miss.

To kill.

The dead.

The wounded.

The disabled.

The prisoners are ransomed or exchanged.

To sue for peace.

The conditions of

peace. A war-indemnity. The treaty of peace. The paragraphs in the treaty of

peace.

To break the treaty of peace.

To levy a war-tax.

Words

of Command.

Forward.

Right wheel.

Left wheel.

Right about turn.

Left about turn.

Retreat.

March.

Quick march.

Double-quick

march.

Halt!

To trail arms.

Attention.

To stand at attention.

To shoulder arms.

To present arms.

To sound the march, the alarm, the retreat.

TRAVELLING}.

To travel.

To start.

To leave.

To return.

A voyage.

A journey.

A trip.

An excursion.

A picnic.

At my departure from.

On my arrival at. To travel by sea. — — land.

i The train leaves at one or in two minutes.

Oxford, from which platform ?

Nr. 8.

The second on your right.

The guard whistles.

He waves the flag.

Right!

The train goes.

The waiting-room.

The cloak-room.

The toilet-room.

To have one’s box labelled for . . .

In England luggage-tickets are not used.

To have an overweight of . . .

A passenger-train.

A goods-train.

A mail-train.

An express train.

A special train.

A carriage.

A compartment.

A smoking-carriage.

A sleeping-compartment.

The corner.

To pull up the window.

To shut the window.

It causes or makes a draught.

To ride back to the engine.

To ride face to the engine.

The engine-driver.

The guard.

The stoker.

The station-master.

A gate-keeper.

The switchman or the pointsman changes the switches.

The brakesman.

A signal-man.

A signal-box.

A turn-table.

A porter.

A ticket-collector.

In case of danger a passenger pulls the alarm-signal.

A railway-accident.

A collision.

A block on the line.

To go through a tunnel.

An undergroundrailway.

The Metropolitan Railway in London or the “Underground”.

The twopenny-tube is a new electric railway below the Underground.

A main line.

A junction is a place where a branch line goes off.

A station.

A terminus.

To inaugurate a railway.

A Telegraph-Office.

To telegraph.

A telegram.

A telegraph-form. To prepay a telegram.

To telephone.

A telephone - office.

the

for.

Have you anything to declare?

This is contraband. To pay duty on a thing.

“To go by Under- ; The custom-house ground.”    | officer examines

To change.

To show one’s ticket.

To have it checked.

The ticket-collector.

To land.

To embark.

To disembark. To load.

To unload. The harbour. A seaport.

A pier.

A wharf.

A quay.

The docks. Wet-docks. Dry-docks. The Thames bankment.

Fog.

Mist.

The coastguard. A pilot.

A pirate.

The body of a carriage.

The springs.

The hood.

To put up the hood. To put it down.

The door.

The driver’s box or The driver’s seat. The lamp.

The splash-board. The back seat.

The front seat.

The cushions.

The cover.

The windows.

The wheels.

The axle.

The nut.

The spokes.

The tire.

The harness.

The collar.

The bit.

The bridle.

The reins.

The girth.

The traces are fastened to the swingle-trees.

A saddle.

The saddle-girth. The crupper is a strap from the saddle round the horse’s tail.

A saddle-cloth.

A spur.

To spur a horse.

A horsewhip.

A whip for driving. The lash.

To smack the whip. To whip the horses. The handle.

The Principal Trees.

The beech.

The oak.

The fir.

The spruce-fir. The larch-tree. The yew-tree.

The cedar.

The birch.

The smacking of a | The elder-tree.

The ash-tree.

The maple.

The elm-tree.

The willow.

THE

A Post-Office.

To write a letter.

To fasten it up.

To close it.

To address it.

To stamp it.

To post it.

The sender.

The addressee.

To forward a letter.

A pillar-box or

A pillar-post.

The postman clears pillar - box and delivers the letters.

To send a parcel by parcel(s)- delivery or by parcel(s) -post.

To send money by money - order or by postal order.

The sender.

The receiver.

To buy a postal order.

A registered letter.

A letter to be called

A foreign letter. An inland letter.

The Custom-House.

the luggage.

To be clear of the custom - house.

To smuggle.

Ships.

A paddle-steamer. A screw-steamer. A sailing-vessel. A yacht.

A packet.

A mail-steamer.

A boat.

A ferry-boat.

A mud-barge.

A raft.

To go on board. — ashore.

Em-

The prow of a ship. The stern. Starboard.

Port.

The lee-side.

The wind-side.

The gunwale.

The rudder.

The wheel.

The tiller.

The anchor.

A cable.

The windlass.

A funnel.

The steam.

The figure-head. The hull of a ship. The cargo is in the hold.

A hatchway.

The rigging.

A mast.

A sail.

A pennant.

A flag.

The sky-light.

The cabin.

The state-room. The captain, j The mate.

The second mate. The man at the wheel.

A cxoswain has the care of a boat and its crew.

A sailor.

A boatswain.

A cabin-boy. The steward. The stewardess. The cook.

To sail.

To cruise.

To run aground.

To run down.

To collide.

To hail.

“A sail”.

“Land ahead”.

A lighthouse.

A lighthouse - keeper.

The lantern.

A revolving lighthouse.

Carriages.

To hire a carriage. To take a cab.

A hansom-cab.

A cabman.

A four-wheeler. The table of fares. A distance.

A course.

A shilling-fare. “Beyond the Radius” ;(in London). “He will overcharge you”.

To charge for waiting.

The legal fare.

The mews.

A cab-stand.

The cabman’s number.

Are you engaged? An omnibus - route. The driver.

The conductor.

It is full.

Plenty of room. “Outside”.

“Inside”.

A seat.

The fare.

“Fares, please”. “How much?”

A tramway-car.

A tram.

A tram-car.

The brake.

A carriage.

An open carriage. A close carriage. A state carriage. A coach.

A double - seated carriage.

A landau.

A wag(g)onette has seats like an omnibus. lengthwise.

A gig.

A fly.

A break or brake.

A cart.

A van.

A brewer’s dray.

A one-horse carriage.

A coach and four.

To drive four-in-hand.

A two-wheeled carriage.

A four-wheeled carriage.

A sledge.

A sleigh.

A sled.

The runners.

whip.

The stables.

The manger. A halter.

A stall.

A horse’s fodder consists of: chaff, oats, hay,

chopped hay.

A chaff-cutting machine.

To chop straw.

A bin for chaff.

A horse walks,

(at foot-pace), trots,

(full trot), gallops, canters, shies;

a runaway horse, it falls, it stumbles, it rears.

The driver,

drives the horses, whips them, stops the carriage, puts the horses in and unharnesses them.

To back a carriage.

To go on horseback.

To ride.

To break a horse.

A groom.

To-curry a horse.

To groom a horse.

To clip a horse.

FOREST AND THE GARDEN.

A forest is a large wood.

The undergrowth or the underwood.

The thicket of the forest.

A grove.

A copse.

A hedge.

A shrubbery.

The side of the wood.

The sunny glades.

The poplar.

The chestnut-tree. The lime-tree.

An aspen.

A plane-tree.

A walnut-tree.

Bushes.

The hawthorn. The blackthorn. The box.

The sweet-brier. The bramble. Ivy.

Holly.

Mistletoe.

Mahogany.

Laurel.

Azalia.

Camelia.

Rhododendron.

Laburnum.

Lilac.

Flowers and Herbs.

In the Meadow.

The buttercup.

The marsh-marigold.

The orchis.

The cuckoo-flower. The cowslip.

The primrose.

The bulrush.

The sorrel.

The quakegrass. Common reed. Reed-mace.

The Field.

The corn-flower. The poppy.

The cockle.

The dandelion.

The thistle.

The colt’s-foot.

The convolvulus or The bindweed.

The Forest.

Anemone.

Primrose.

Cowslip.

Sweet woodruff. Starwort.

The Garden.

Christmas-rose.

Snowdrop.

Crocus.

Violet.

Daffodil

Hyacinth.

Tulip.

Narcissus.

Daisy.

Gilliflower.

A herb.

A bush.

A tree.

A perennial plant. An annual plant.

A biennial plant. Plants are: wild,

indigenous,

imported,

naturalised,

polar,

exotic,

grown on a fruit-wall, in a hothouse.

or /Native birds.

Cows graze or browse,

are ruminants, bite off the grass, chew the cud.

A mouse nibbles, or gnaws.

A cat laps.

A bird picks up from the ground.

A stallion.

A mare.

A colt.

A lion.

A lioness.

A cub or wdielp. A hog.

A sow.

A sucking-pig.

A wild boar.

A wild sow.

A wether or ram. A ewe.

A lamb.

A billy-goat.

A nanny-goat.

A kid.

A cock.

A hen.

A chicken.

A drake.

A duck.

A duckling.

A gander.

A goose.

A gosling.

A turkey-cock.

A turkey-hen.

A bull.

A cow.

A calf.

A bullock.

A heifer.

A tom-cat.

A bitch.

A puppy.

A stag.

A hind.

A buck.

A doe.

Wild animals. Voracious animals. Beasts.

Tame animals. Domestic animals. Obnoxious —. Useful    —.

Dangerous —.

The dog is faithful. A magpie is thievish.

A cat is agile, adroit, and graceful.

A sheep is meek.

A goose is stupid.

A dog is docile.

As hungry as a wolf.

As poor as a churchmouse.

As wet as a drowned rat.

Pink.

Aster.

Mignonette.

Rose.

Monthly rose.

Pansy.

Fuchsia.

Lily.

Dahlia.

Pelargonium.

Peony.

Arum.

Lily-of-the-valley.

Spiraea.

Heliotrope.

Periwinkle.

Lavender.

Everlasting.

Convolvulus is a twining plant.

Ivy is a creeping plant.

The pea climbs.

The tendrils of the pea.

To sow.

To set potatoes.

To plant.

A dibble.

To graft.

To dig.

To manure.

To rake What is sown, comes up.

It grows.

Leaves come out. Flowers come out. An apple-tree blossoms.

Herbs bloom.

Corn is in flower.

—    ripens.

—    is reaped.

The stubbles.

A plant rotten s.

To hoe a walk.

To rake —.

To roll    —.

To trim or edge a lawn.

To cut the grass. To weed a flowerbed.

To hill potatoes. Pea-sticks.

The Different Parts of a Plant.

The root grows downwards.

The tip of the root.

The stock of an anemone or of another perennial plant.

The stem grows upwards.

The trunk of a tree consists of: the pith, the wood, the cambium, the bast, the bark.

The foliage or

The leaves.

A shoot comes out in the axil of a leaf.

The stalk.

The blade.

A leaf is hairy or glabrous.

The veins.

The pulp.

Sessile leaves.

A node on grass.

An internode.

A bough.

A branch.

A twig.

A sprig.

An ivy-spray.

A flower.

The different parts of a flower stand on the receptacle.

The calyx, the sepals.

The corolla, the petals.

The stamens, the pollen.

The pistil, the stigma.

In the carpel are the ovules, which when they are fertilised become seeds.

In a seed are one or two cotyledons, and the embryo, which after some time germinates.

A flower is superior or inferior.

A bud opens or comes out.

A honey-gland.

A spur.-

The prickles of a bramble.

The thorns of a | hawthorn.

Prickles originate in the bark, thorns in the wood.

A flower is in bud, is unfolded, is fertilised; it withers or fades;

the leaves fall

off;

it dies.

A fruit can be:

A nut.

A capsule.

A drupe.

A berry.

A pod.

The pulp of a drupe.

The stone of a drupe.

The kernel--

The seeds of

berry.

The pips of oranges, apples, pears,

etc.

The pips of an apple are in the core.

A kitchen-garden. An orchard.

An apple-tree.

A pear-tree.

A quince-tree.

A plum-tree. Peaches.

Apricots.

V ine.

The apples are ripe. They must be plucked.

A prolific apple-tree.

Potatoes.

Peas.

Beans.

Artichokes.

Chervil.

Leek.

Water-cress. Cabbage. Cauliflower. Brussels - sprouts. Seakale.

Onions.

Mustard.

Caraway-'Seeds. Parsley.

Celery.

Parsnip.

Carrots.

Beets.

Turnips.

Shallot.

Dill.

Spinach or spinage. Sorrel.

Strawberries.

Eed-currants.

Black-currants.

White- currants.

Raspberries.

Gooseberries.

Cucumber.

Gourd.

Pumpkin.

Vegetable marrow. Melon.

Radishes.

Horse-radish.

Tomatoes.

Mushrooms.

Truffles.

Asparagus.

EXPRESSIONS USED ABOUT ANIMALS.

The muzzle of a dog.

The snout of a pig.

The trunk of an elephant.

The wool of a sheep.

The fur of a bear.

The skin of a cat.

The mane of a lion.

The tail of a cat. — — — cow,

etc.

The brush of a fox.

A paw is a foot with claws.

The nails of a monkey.

A horse’s hoof.

The comb of a cock.

The spur of a cock.

A bill is long.

A beak is short.

A feather.

The quill.

The down.

To moult.

A hen lays eggs.

She sits on them.

The chickens are hatched.

The chickens come out.

A chicken chirrups.

A hen cackles or clucks.

A cock crows.

A turkey gobbles.

A duck quacks.

A. pigeon coos.

A magpie chatters.

A raven croaks.

A rook caws.

A sparrow twitters.

Most birds twitter.

A nightingale sings.

A thrush sings.

A swallow chirps.

An owl hoots or screeches.

A cat mews, purs, (purrs) spits, hisses, caterwauls.

A lion roars or growls.

A tiger roars.

A bear growls.

A wolf howls.

A horse neighs whinnies, screams.

A bull bellows.

A cow lows.

A sheep bleats.

A sow grunts.

A pig squeaks

Large dogs bark.

Small dogs yelp; they bay, they whine, they snarl, they snap.

An ass brays.

A frog croaks.

A stag troats.

A mouse squeaks.

A cricket chirps.

Bees, flies, gnats hum.

A humble-bee buzzes.

Fishes.

The gills.

The scales.

The fins.

The roe.

The milt.

The bladder.

To angle for fish. To fish.

The hook.

The bait.

To dig for the bait. To throw a net.

To set a net.

The meshes of a net. To catch a fish. Fishing-gear.

Insects.

The feelers.

The proboscis.

The wings.

The legs.

The sting.

The larva changes into a chrysalis. An ant-hill.

A bee-hive.

A swarm of bees. A wasp’s nest. Wax.

Bee - bread.

Honey.

A honey-comb.

The queen-bee.

A working-bee.

The drones.

Bees, flies, and gnats sting.

A flea bites.

A gnat-sting.

A flea-bite.

Various

Expressions.

Birds of passage or Migratory birds. Indigenous birds or

An awn of barley.

The chaff.

The grain.

The farmer tills the ground or cultivates it.

He manures, ploughs, harrows, sows the seed, rolls the field.

The corn comes up; when it is ripe, it is cut.

Grass is cut or mown with a scythe.

The corn is gathered into bundles and tied into sheaves.

To make a shock or stook of the sheaves.

A hay-cock.

When the corn is dry enough it is put on the hay-cart with pitch-forks.

A cart-load is tied with ropes to hold it together.

To carry the corn.

The corn is put into the barn, or gathered in stacks.

A hay-rick.

The rick-yard.

After some time it is thrashed with a flail or in a thrashing-machine.

It is winnowed to get away the chaff.

The corn is taken to the mill and ground.

A mill-stone.

; Flour.

Meal.

Bruised corn.

The flour or meal is taken to the baker, who makes bread of it.

Hoar-grost. The

A FARM.

Agriculture.

A farm.

A manor.

An estate.

170 acres of land belong to this farm.

1 acre =160 square rods = 4840 square yards.

The owner of a farm.

A gentleman - farmer.

A tenant-farmer.

A working-farmer.

A labourer.

A day-labourer.

The land-steward of an estate.

The bailiff of a farm.

A cow-man.

A sheep-dog.

A milkmaid.

The tool-shed.

The cart-house.

The granary.

The barn.

The stables.

The cow-house.

The pig-sty.

The sheep-house.

The dairy.

The ice-cellar.

The poultry-yard.

The dove-cot or

The pigeon-house.

The reapers.

The gleaners.

The thrashers.

The soil can be: fertile, rich, heavy, light, clayey, sandy, damp, marshy, drained.

A field.

The fallow lea.

Ploughed land.

A meadow.

Pasture.

A slough.

A bog.

A swamp.

A heath.

A furrow.

A trench.

A ditch.

A clod of earth.

The sod.

The turf.

AVeeds are: nettles, poppies, cockles, etc.

A straw.

An ear of barley.

etc.

The baker also uses: yeast, milk, water, salt.

He kneads the dough in a kneading-trough ; it rises.

AVhen it is risen he makes it up.

It is heavy or light.

He puts it mto the oven and takes it out when it is baked.

Crust.

Crumb.

Top.

Bottom.

New bread.

A loaf.

AVheat bread or White bread. Brown bread. Black bread.

Rye bread. French roll.

The Dairy.

To milk the cows.

A milking-stool.

A milk-pail.

The milk is set in dairy-pans.

“This milk is set for cream.”

To skim.

The cream is put into a churn and churned.

It turns into butter.

The butter is beaten out to get away the brine.

It is put into jars or made into pats or rolls.

New milk.

Skimmed milk.

Butter-milk.

Sour milk.

When rennet is put into the milk, it curdles;

the curds are put into a cheese-mould and pressed. (Junket.)

The whey is squeezed out.

a natural way is called curd! milk.

milk-strainer.

skimmer.

NATURE.

The four quarters of the globe are: The North.

The South.

The East.

The West.

Hills and Talleys.

Mountains.

Rocks.

Cliffs.

A peak.

The summit.

The top.

The slope of a mountain.

A table-land.

A moor.

The mountains or mountain - ranges are separated

by:

valleys, vales, dells, clefts, a pass, a gulf, a glen, a gully, an abyss.

A plain.

A fen.

A heath.

Bog-land.

A down.

The Dunes in Holland.

A sand-hill.

The sand - hills in Jutland.

A desert.

Different forms of land are:

A continent.

An island.

A peninsula.

An isthmus.

A cape.

A headland.

A promontory.

In the interior of the earth are found:

Stones.

Minerals.

Metals;

Jewels.

Granite.

Gneiss.

Porphyry.

Agate.

Crystal.

Marble.

Slate.

Chalk.

Lime.

Clay.

Pipe-clay.

Flint.

Gravel.

Coal.

Charcoal.

Jet.

Ore.

A nugget is a lump of pure metal, especially of gold.

A vein of metal.

A layer.

Gold.

Silver.

Iron.

Steel.

Copper.

Lead.

Zink. Platinum. Quicksilver or Mercury.

Diamonds.

Rubies.

Garnets.

Emeralds.

Topaz.

Sapphire.

Malachite.

Cat’s eye.

In the sea are found:

Coral.

Amber.

Pearls.

Mother-of-pearl.

The land is surrounded by water or by the sea.

AY at or consists of two gases: oxygen and hydrogen.

Salt Water.

An ocean.

The main.

The briny deep. The Mediterranean is an inland sea. A bay.

A gulf.

A channel.

A sound.

A firth or frith. Icebergs.

Drift ice.

The tide is coming-in or going out. High-water. Low-water. Spring-tide. Neap-tide.

The rising tide.

The falling tide.

Fresh Water.

A river.

A stream.

The source.

A canal.

A torrent.

A brook.

A streamlet.

A rivulet.

A lake.

A pond.

A pool.

A well.

A spring.

A waterfall.

A cateract.

A rapid is a sloping-waterfall.

A cascade.

A fountain. A reservoir.

Brackish water.

Warmed by the rays of the sun, water turns to vapour and forms clouds.

A fog.

A mist.

The cold transforms the clouds into rain.

A shower.

A heavy shower.

Driving rain.

Drizzling rain.

A drizzle.

A Scotch mist.

Snow.

Hail.

Sleet.

Thawing-snow.

Slush.

A snow-flake.

A snow-crystal.

Rime.

frost transforms the water into ice, an icicle, a glacier.

The atmosphere consists of:

oxygen, nitrogen, and carbonic acid gas.

It is breathed by men, animals, and plants.

AVhen it is in motion, we get wind.

A zephyr.

A breeze.

A squall or gust of wind.

A gale.

A storm.

A tempest.

A hurricane.

A cyclone.

A tornado is a violent tropical wind.

The trade-wind is a steady tropical wind.

A monsoon.

A whirlwind.

A water-spout.

From the vibrations of the air arise all kinds of sound.

A noise.

A note.

Murmur.

Tinkling.

An echo.

The air generates lightning when

The art of painting.

An artist.

A painter.

A landscape-painter.

A draughtsman.

An oil-painting.

A water-colour painting.

A drawing.

A chalk-drawing. Free-hand drawing.

A charcoal-drawing.

A sketch.

To take a sketch. To make a sketch. An outline.

The shade.

The light.

Reflected light.

A study from nature.

“Still life”.

An etching.

A sepia.

A print.

A lithograph.

An engraving.

A photograph.

A portrait.

Full length.

Three quarters.

A head.

Life-size.

Half life-size.

More than life-size. Full-face.

Side-face.

Profile.

The materials and instruments are:

canvas, paper, chalk, charcoal, lead pencils, india-rubber, colours, paint,

a cake of colour, Terra-cotta, a tube of colour, The clay is dried in a colour-tube,    a kiln,

moist colour, Putty, paint-brushes, Plaster, stumps,    Marble,

a palet (or pal- To make a cast, ette).    To take a mask.

To mix the colours. A death-mask.

To try them on the A statue, palette.    A statuette.

To have a model or a sitter.

To draw the outline.

To put on the colours.

The first coat.

To paint.

To draw.

THE FINE AKTS. To shade-j To size.

A pyramid. A pagoda.

An artist is gifted, ¹ A temple, undeveloped, at a stand-still, developing.

The colouring of a picture can be: warm, clear, cold, rich, bizarre.

A piece of sculpture.

A sculptor or a statuary.

To model.

or

it is in an electric condition.

A flash of lightning.

A thunderstorm.

A clap of thunder.

“Did this flash of lightning strike anything?”

Positive and negative electricity.

The sun is the source of all light and heat on the earth.

By day the earth is lighted by the sun, by night by the moon and stars.

The glow which precedes sunrise, is called the dawn; that which follows sunset, is the evening-glow or the after-glow.

Dusk.

Twilight.

The gloaming.

An eclipse of the sun or of the moon.

The new moon.

The first quarter.

The full moon.

The last quarter.

The waxing moon or the crescent.

The waning moon.

It is moonlight this week.

The moon is shining to-night.

The glimmer of the stars.

A fixed star.

A planet.

A comet.

A meteor.

A falling-star.

A shooting-star.

An earthquake.

The eruption of a volcano.

Fire is the consequence of combustion.

It warms and expands all things,

melts the metals, burns wood, makes water, evaporate, lights up, dazzles, blinds, roasts, cooks, is lighted, burns, blazes, dies out, is extinguished, goes out, is out.

The aurora borealis.

A will-o’-the wisp.

Fireworks. A rocket. A flame.

A spark.

Smoke.

Soot.

Cinders.

Embers.

Ashes.

TIME.

The Division of Time:

A century.

A year.

Six months.

Nine —.

Three—.

A month.

A fortnight.

Ten days.

A week.

Sunday.

Monday.

Tuesday.

Wednesday.

Thursday.

Friday.

Saturday.

Twenty-four horn’s. A day.

An hour. Half-an-hour.

A quarter of an hour.

A minute.

An hour all but ten minutes.

A second.

This clock strikes the hours and the half hours.

Morning.

Sunrise.

Daybreak.

Dawn.

Noon or midday. Afternoon.

Sunset.

Evening.

Night.

Midnight.

The small hours of the morning. To-day.

This morning.

This afternoon. To-night.

Yesterday. Yesterday morning, etc.

The day before yesterday.

The other day.

This day last week. Ten days ago.

He came a week ago last Tuesday. To-morrow. To-morrow morning.

To-morrow night. The day after tomorrow.

This day week.

In some days.

Next Monday.

He will come Monday week.

Some day.

The third of March may be written March 3rd.

The date. .

A birthday.

A wedding-day.

A jubilee.

The anniversary of something. Spring.

Summer.

Autumm.

Winter.

New Year's Day. Twelfth Night. Shrove-tide.

Shrove Monday. Shrove Tuesday or Pancake Tuesday. Ash-Wednesday. Lent.

Palm Sunday. Easter.

Maundy Thursday. Good Friday. Passion Week. Easter Sunday. Ascension Day. Whit-Sun day. Whitsuntide.

Trinity Sunday.

The Eve of St. John.

St. Swithin’s Day is on July 15th. Michaelmas. Martinmas. Christmas. Christmas-Day.

New Year’s Eve. Leap-year.

To congratulate.

A birthday.

“Many happy returns of the | day!“

“With best Christmas wishes.”

“A merry Christmas and a happy New Year.”

To send one’s kindest regards, one’s love.

“Will you remember me to her?”

Dear Madam or Sir.

Yours faithfully. Dear Miss . . .

Yours sincerely. My dear Emily. Yours affectionately.

To varnish.

To make a copy.

To do a copy on a reduced scale.

To enlarge.

To diminish.

The foreground.

The middle distance.

The background. The signature.

The perspective of a picture.

The composition of a picture.

A work of art.

A genius.

A talent.

Taste.

Artistic feeling. Inspiration. Individuality. Originality.

To be true to nature.

To be genuine.

To be artificial.

The style is realistic,

idealistic,

naturalistic,

synthetic.

Sculpture.

Modelling-clay.

A bust.

The pedestal. A chisel. Bas(s)-relief. Haut-relief

Low-relief.

High-relief.

Architecture.

An Architect.

The plan of a building.

The elevation.

To construct a plan or an elevation. A pile.

A building.

A castle.

A palace.

A(n) hotel.

A theatre.

A manor.

A hall.

A monument.

A fortress.

A fort.

A turret.

A tower.

A steeple.

A church.

A chapel.

A cathedral.

An obelisk.

The materials an architect has to ‘work in, are: Stone.

Bricks.

Unhewn stone. Granite.

Plaster, which is used for coating walls and ceilings.

Lime is quick or slaked.

Mortar is made of lime, gravel, and sand.

Whitewash.

Cement.

Asphalt.

Sand.

Sandstone.

Marble.

Slate.

Tiles.

A tiled roof.

A slate-roof.

A thatched roof. Iron.

Lead.

Zink.

Brass.

Glass.

Wood.

Beams.

of:

MUSIC.

Lines.

Bars.

Clefs.

The treble clef. Tenor. The bass clef.

A Scale, A Gamut.

In playing:

do re mi fa sol la si do In singing.

Notes.

semidemi-

semibreve crotchet semiquaver semiquaver

Rests.

semibreve rest crotchet rest semiquaver rest

Signatures.

com

mon

time.

four A high tone.

A low tone.

The keynote.

A sonata in B major. In a scherzo in A

quaver demisemiquaver.

flat

Joists are horizontal beams under a floor.

Rafters.

The tiles or slates are supported by the laths.

The parts of a building are:

The foundation.

The cellar.

The ground-floor. The first floor, etc. The top storey or the attics.

A room.

The walls.

The floor.

The ceiling.

Pillars.

Columns.

Pilasters.

A frieze.

The cornice.

The wainscot.

The frame of a door The threshold.

The windows.

The window-frame. The window-sill.

A niche.

An ornament.

A pediment.

A portico.

A porch.

The hall.

The stairs or The staircase.

The steps.

The landing.

The ba(n)nisters. The hand-rail.

The balustrade.

A fence round a garden.

A dome in a church or cathedral.

A cupola.

The vaults in a church.

An arch.

A gallery.

A column consists

the base, the column or the shaft, the capital, the architrave.

A colonnade.

The facade of a house.

The gable.

The top of a tower.

The ridge of a house.

The eaves.

A battlement on a tower.

A parapet on a fortress.

When a building is built a scaffolding is erected.

The beams are prepared in the timber-yard.

A ladder.

A lift.

A pulley.

A lever.

A windlass.

The carpenter uses a spirit-level to see whether the beams are horizontal, and a plumb-line to see whether they are perpendicular.

Tradesmen and artisans, connected with building, are:

An architect.

A builder.

A contractor, who makes the agreement.

A mason.

A carpenter.

A bricklayer.

A joiner.

A locksmith.

A paperhanger.

An upholsterer.

A glazier.

A house-painter.

A decorator.

A tiler.

A slater.

Different Styles.

Ancient.

Antique.

Corinthian.

Doric.

Ionic.

Egyptian.

Indian.

Byzantine or Circular.

Gothic or Pointed.

Arabic.

Renaissance.

Elisabethan.

Classic.

Rococo.

Modern.

An exhibition of works of art.

The Royal Academy of Arts The paintings, drawings, and sculptures are sent in, rejected, admitted.

The committee.

The members of the

Royal Academy.

(R. A.)

A critique.

A catalogue.

A gallery.

A photographer.

To have one’s photograph taken.

To sit.

A sitting.

minim

minim rest sharp double sharp

The middle C. The bass C. The high C.

A third.

A fourth.

A fifth.

A sixth.

A seventh.

An octave, four four

2 two

minor A is the keynote.

An interval.

To transpose a tune.

The keys or the key-board.

The white and the black notes (keys).

C sharp; A flat.

A grand piano. An upright —. A square —. A cottage —. A spinet.

A harpsichord.

A harmony.

A discord.

To resolve a discord.

To play.

To be in time.

To be out of time. To keep good time. To conduct the time.

To be out of tune. To sing in tune.

A tuning-fork.

quaver rest

natural

To tune.

A fine ear.

A good ear.

A bad ear.

To play    the    piano,

—-    — -    violin,

—    —    violon

cello,

—    —    horn,

—    —    flute,

—    —    clari

onet, — organ,

—    —    cymbal,

—    —    harp,

—    —    oboe.

To blow the trumpet.

To beat the drum. Strings.

Chords.

Organ-pipes.

Pedals.

The pegs on a violin.

To play by heart. To read the music. To play at sight.

To play a tune by ear.

To pick up a tune. A good or bad touch.

A shake.

A right note.

A false note.

To learn the fingering.

To sing at sight. Sight-singing.

To shake or trill. To sing scales.

A tune.

An air.

A melody.

A song.

A round.

A glee.

Solo.

Duet.

Trio.

Quartet(te).

Quintet(te).

Sextet(te).

Septet(te).

The choir in a church.

The chorus at a concert.

To sing in a chorus.

To give the key-noto.

To strike the note.

A composer.

To compose.

A composition.

The original score.

An opera.

An operetta.

An accompaniment

To transcribe select passages from an opera.

To arrange the music for a play.

A sonata, etc.

Studies or etudes.

Five finger exercises.

Nice little pieces.

To have a voice.

A voice can have a large or a small compass; it can be: high, low, clear, pure, hard, shrill,

sympathetic, untrained, highly trained; can have a beautiful sound, a good or had timbre.

A soprano or treble.

A mezzo-soprano.

An alto.

A contralto.

A tenor.

A baritone.

A bass.

A star or prima donna.

THE THEATRE.

The manager.

The lessee.

The stage-manager. An artist.

An actor.

An actress.

A critique.

An obituary.

An account of . . . | The title-page. A report.

A hearsay or a

pense.

The publisher runs the risk of pub-rung up.    lishing the book.

A critique in the The editor arranges the edition.

“Second enlarged An envelope.

A post-card. A sheet.

!rpÄeetnis : LITERATURE.

printed.

It is corrected.

i The proof-reading. So and so many copies are printed.

A newspaper is well A book is being printed or is in the press.

A book is stitched or bound.

A fairy-tale. It is in a paper | A love-story, cover or in a stiff

A stick of sealing-wax.

A signet.

A pencil.

A pen-holder.

Ink.

Copying-ink.

An epic.

A poem.

A song.

An anthem.

A proverb.

A saying.

A drama, etc. Rhyme. Alliteration. Blank verse.

Epilepsy.

The Book of Psalms, j Epileptic.

The Song of Solo- | Paralysis.

Paralytic.

Cramp.

Spasm.

Inflammation of the

A strolling actor.

A singer.

A dancer.

A female dancer.

A supernumerary. A walking-gentleman.

A procession-man. The chorus.

The call-hoy.

The prompter.

A debut.

A debutant.

A debutante.

A. company of actors.

A travelling company of actors. The orchestra.

The conductor.

The musicians.

The instmments are:

stringed instruments, wind - instruments.

The entrance.

The greenroom.

The stage.

The scenery.

The side-scenes. The foot-lights.

The curtain rises or falls.

The stalls.

The pit.

The dress-circle. The upper circle. The gallery.

A private box.

A programme.

A play-bill.

To take a ticket.

To book beforehand.

The theatre is full. To be at the theatre. The income.

The surplus.

A first performance.

“Last night”.

A piece.

A play.

A drama.

A vaudeville.

A tragedy.

A comedy.

A farce.

A melodrama.

A pantomime.

A ballet.

A curtain-piece. The overture.

A prologue.

The dialogue of a play.

The parts.

An epilogue.

The introduction.

The plot.

The plot thickens. The denouement. The plot is unravelled.

The end.

A play is sent to theatre.

The censor.

It is accepted or rejected.

The distribution of the parts.

The play is rehearsed.

The studying of a play.

The full-dress rehearsal.

The first performance.

What is being played at . . .?

To act a character.

To perform a character.

The salary.

The fee.

A costume.

A mask.

A wig.

A periwig.

The paint.

Buskins.

A lover.

She is good for love-parts.

A hero.

A heroine.

Heroic parts.

A swell.

A fool.

The rascal.

The heavy villain.

A jester.

A clown.

To go on the stage.

To be stage-struck.

An understudy.

A talent for this or that.

To be charming, sympathetic, inspired, intelligent.

To have a good bearing or carriage.

To have a distinct pronunciation.

His elocution is good.

The facial play.

The gestures.

To be applauded.

Her debut was a total failure, a brilliant success.

He was hissed off the stage.

The audience applauded.

A vociferous ovation.

The actors were called before the curtain.

The audience called for the hero.

Encore!

To hiss.

To whistle.

The curtain was

newspapers.

Blame.

Eulogy.

The acting was good.

The actors played well together.

NEWSPAPERS.

A newspaper.

A paper.

A daily paper.

A weekly paper. A monthly paper. A review.

A magazine.

A periodical.

An illustrated

paper. The Times.

The Daily News, etc. The editor of a

paper.

The subeditor.

or badly edited. The office.

A reporter.

A correspondent.

A critic.

A reviewer.

To contribute to a newspaper.

A subscriber.

To order a news-

paper.

To take in a paper or To take a paper.

An article.

The heading of an article.

An article headed. A leader.

rumour.

False news.

News.

A telegram.

An advertisement. A puff to recommend a thing. The current copy, (issue).

The proper paper. The supplement.

A column.

EXPRESSIONS

USED

ABOUT BOOKS.

A book is published.

To publish a book at one’s own ex-and revised edition”.

The author’s manuscript.

The MS.

The printer.

A printing-house or a printing-office.

The book goes to the printer’s.

A compositor.

To set up the types.

The types or letters are made of metal.

cover.

To glue on the cover.

The binding.

The back.

The leaves.

The pages.

Letters and figures. Lines.

Different kinds of print.

Italics.

Capital letters. Small letters.

The date of the book.

The preface.

The introduction.

The contents.

The matter.

The subject.

A book can be published by subscription.

To subscribe to a book.

The list of subscribers.

A prospectus. A book.

An essay.

Writing-paper.

Printing-paper.

A sheet of paper.

1 quire = 24 sheets. 1 ream = 20 quires. Foolscap (paper). Puled paper.

Plain paper. Letter-paper. Note-paper.

A folio.

A quarto.

An octavo.

A duodecimo.

Prose.

Poetry.

Prose.

A novel.

A novelette.

A romance.

A tale.

A true account of.

A book of travels.

An essay.

A treatise. A paper.

A lampoon. A libel.

A pamphlet.

Poetry.

A hymn. An ode.

mon.

A sonnet.

A ballad.

A madrigal. An epigram.

Doggerel verse. A foot.

A trochee.

A dactyl.

An iambus.

An anapest.

A spondee.

Hexameter.

Pentameter.

Terza-rima.

Ottava-rima.

Alexandrine.

Heroic measure.

DISEASES.

To be indisposed. To be unwell.

To be or feel poorly.

To have a headache.

A sick headache. Nausea.

Giddiness.

To vomit. Palpitation.

My heart palpitates.

A stitch.

To faint.

A fainting-fit.

To have a fever. The temperature was 102°. Delirium.

To be delirious.

To be out of one’s mind.

To be mad or insane.

To go mad. Insanity.

Lunatic.

The maniacs.

Lunacy.

Raving-mad.

A lunatic asylum. The strait-waist-coat.

To be an idiot. Idio(t)cy.

Idiotic.

Imbecile.

To have an unsound mind.

Crazy.

To be nervous.

St. Vitus’ dance.

brain.

Brain-fever.

A spinal disease. Dorsal consumption.

Rheumatism.

Neuralgia.

A cold.

! Scarlet- fever ends with the shedding of the skin. The roserash.

The mumps.

Before the measles come out they are latent.

An eruption.

A tumour.

An ulcer.

The secretion of pus in the ulcer.

A swelling.

A boil.

Eczema.

Leprosy.

To be leprous.

The lepers.

Itch.

Mange (with dogs only).

Scurf in the hair. Chilblains.

A gathered finger. An ingrown nail.

A pimple.

A blister.

A sty(e).

A wart.

Blindness.

Deafness.

To be hard of hearing.

Deaf-and-dumb.

Mute.

A hunchback.

To be hunchbacked.

To be lame.

Lameness.

He has a cast in his eye.

J An apothecary.

To be squint-eyed. A chemist. Short-sighted.    A druggist.

Long-sighted. ' A chemist’s shop. One-eyed.    Sal volatile    is    used

An albino.

A dwarf.

A giant.

To be club-footed.

To be flat-footed.

To be splay-footed. ¹ Carbonate of soda. A cretin.

Cretinism.

for taking a thing. Aerated waters.

A tonic is a blood-Peculiarities and enriching and

Failings.

blood

To catch cold.

A cold in one’s head.

A sore throat.

The whooping-cough.

The croup.

Diphtheria.

A diphtheritic throat.

Inflammation of the lungs.

Pleurisy.

Pneumonia.

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes or bronchitis.    *

Phthisis.

To be consumptive.

Consumption.

Tubercles.

Galloping consumption.

The expectoration or phlegm.

A congestion of the brain.

To cough.

To expectorate.

To spit blood.

To be suffocated.

To sneeze.

To hiccough.

Ear - ache.

An abscess in the ear.

Cataract in the eye.

To be purblind or half blind.

To operate for cataract.

To take out the lens.

To be blind.

To have (the) toothache.'

A hollow-tooth.

The enamel of a tooth.

To file a tooth.

To stop a tooth or

To fill a tooth.

The stopping.

A. dentist.

False teeth.

To have a tooth out.

To draw a tooth.

The forceps.

A disease of the heart.

The pulsation of the heart.

Spasm.

The small-pox.

Pitted with the small-pox.

The chicken-pox.

A pock-mark.

Erysipelas.

The measles.

Scrofula.

Scrofulous.

Anaemia.

The gout.

Indigestion.

Gastritis.

An inflammation of the stomach. Dysentery. Diarrhsea.

Typhus.

Cholera.

Typhoid fever. Appendicitis. Stomach - ache. Diabetes.

Nephritis is an inflammation of the kidneys.

Gravel.

The stone.

Cancer.

An attack of a disease.

The symptoms.

To fall ill.

To become a patient.

A chronic disease. An acute disease.

A temporary —.

A serious —.

A slight —.

A dangerous —.

A curable —.

A mortal —. An incurable —. The recovery.

To recover.

To cure.

The convalescence. A convalescent.

A wound heals, is gangrened.

The gangrene.

The scab on a wound.

A relapse.

To be worse.

To be given over. Convulsions.

The death-struggle. The death-rattle. The chill of death. To die.

A corpse.

A disease can be catching.

To take the infection from . . .

To infect.

To contract the disease from . . .

An epidemic disease.

An endemic disease.

An inherited disease.

A(n) hereditary disease.

Accidents.

He slipped and sprained his ankle.

A fracture.

A sprain.

The dislocation of a joint.

To have one’s shoulder put out of joint.

To have it put back.

A burn.

A bite.

A bruise.

A scar or cicatrix.

Extravasated blood.

To have a leg crushed.

To break or fracture an arm.

To sprain a foot.

To burn oneself.

To be strangled with a rope.

To wring a person’s neck.

To be choked by food.

To be smothered in a feather-bed.

To be suffocated by smoke.

To be murdered.

To break one’s neck or back.

To be drowned.

To be wounded.

To be stabbed.

To be shot.

A chance shot.

Natural

Infirmities.

Meagreness.

To be thin.

To be stout.

To be plump.

Corpulency.

A freckle.

A mole or a beauty-spot.

A mother’s mark or a portwine mark.

To be bald.

To be left-handed.

A Hospital.

The house-surgeon or physician.

The consulting-surgeon or ph.

The assistant-surgeons.

A physician.

A surgeon.

An oculist.

An aurist.

A specialist.

A dentist.

A corncutter or A chiropodist.

A ward in a hospital.

The matron.

A nurse.

A sister.

A midwife.

The cure.

The treatment.

He goes in for a cure.

J To do banting to get thin.

The banting-system.

A dietary for keeping down fat.

A diet.

To diet.

He is undergoing a cure at Wiesbaden.

Medicine.

for fainting. Quinine.

Antifebrine allays fever.

Ether.

To have a mania

strengthening

medicine.

Soporifics.

Opium.

Morphia or Morphine.

Chloral.

Bromide of Potassium.

An injection of morphia. Chloroform.

A purgative.

Castor oil.

Epsom salts. Cascara sagrada. Magnesia.

An emetic.

To purge.

Arrow-root.

Rhubarb.

Camomile-tea.

Elder-tea.

A gargle.

To gargle.

Sage-tea.

Iodine.

Cod-liver oil.

Iron tonic.

Iron pills. Vasseline. Glycerine.

Licorice.

Musk powder.

A quack remedy.

A plaster is put on.

It draws.

A blistering plaster. It is spread with a spatula.

An ointment.

A lotion.

An unguent.

Balsam.

To apply a bandage to a wound.

Splints are used for confining a broken limb.

To put on a compress.

To dress a wound

or

To bind it up.

Lint.

To put on leeches. A cupping-glass.

To cup is to draw from scarified portion of the body.

To bleed.

A fomentation.

A poultice.

To apply a poultice

to.

A prescription.

One gets physic as: pills, powder, ointment, liquid medicine, etc.

The stuff.

The bottle.

The pot.

The box.

The label.

The directions for use.

A bath.

A shower-bath.

A douche.

Inoculation for the small-pox.

To be vaccinated.

An operation.

To operate on a person for a disease.

An amputation.

Carbolic acid.

Narcotics.

To have chloroform.

To administer chloroform.

A dissection.

A disinfection.

To be disinfected.

PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND GAMES.

Gymnastics.

Calisthenics.

Swimming.

Walking.

Running.

Rowing.

Wrestling.

an

man,

Cards.

To play (at) cards.

Clubs.

Spades.

Diamonds.

Hearts.

Trumps.

The ace of clubs. The king, etc.

The queen.

The knave or The jack.

The ten, etc.

To cut.

To have the deal. To deal.

To turn up the trump-card.

To have the lead.

To lead.

A hand.

To have a bad or a good hand.

The court-cards are:

the king, the queen, the knave or the jack.

Not to be able to follow suit.

A game consists of a certain number of points.

Each trick above six counts one point.

To win a trick, a deal, a game, a rubber.

A rubber equals three games.

To shuffle the cards.

A partner.

To play dummy.

“Dummy has the first lead.”

“It is your deal”.

Fair play.

To cheat at cards.

A card-sharper.

To play for shilling points, for love.

Chess.

A king.

A queen.

A knight.

A castle.

A bishop.

A pawn.

The chessmen.

A square.

To move.

It is your move. A move.

To threaten.

To guard.

Check.

To checkmate.

To be checkmate. To take the queen. To win.

To be beaten. White begins.

Draughts.

To play (at) draughts.

The draughtsmen.

A king.

To crown a man. To huff is to take adversary’s

when he has not taken one that he ought to take.

Billiards.

To strike.

A cue.

A ball.

A pocket.

The mace.

To make a stroke.

To play (at) dice. The dice-box.

To rattle or shake the dice.

To throw the dice.

“Tis a lesson you should heed, Try again!

If at first you don’t succeed,

Try again!

Thus your courage should appear, For, if you will persevere,

You will conquer, never fear,

Try again!

If you find your task is hard,

Try again!

Time will bring you your rew'ard, Try again!

That which others learn and do, Why, with patience, should not you? Only keep this rule in view:

Try again!”

pa

Druck von Karl Marquart in Leipzig.

Pi

WYDZIA&Y FOLITECHNICZNE KRAKOW

BIBLIOTEKA GtOWNA

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