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T A B L E to Vol. II. containing 108 Views.

Painters,    Engravers.

Sandby.    1. yiew of Shrewfbury Caftle.    Watts.

Ditto.    2. View down the River Clyde, from the Top Walker,

of Cory-Lin.

Ditto. 3. The Seven Churches in the County of Rider. Wicklow.

Ditto. 4. Remains of the Tower at Luton, in Bed- Rooker. fordfhire.

Painters,

Sandby. 25. Wenlock Abbey, in Shropfhire. Ditto.

Ditto.

Engravers.

Watts.

Walker.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

5. View of Boniton-Lin.

Ditto.

Walker.

6.    N. E. View of Cafnal, in the County of Watts.

Tipperary.

7.    Milford Haven, with a View of Benton Ditto.

Caftle.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

8.    View of Craig Toraphen, and the Lin of Walker.

Tumal.

9.    Caftle of Dunemace, in Queers County. Rooker.

Watts. Walker. Cooke. Mazell. Lerpinier.

15. Dromana, the Seat of Lord Grandifon, on Walker, the River Blackwater.

10.    View of Conway Caftle.

11.    Queen’s Gate at Caernarvon.

12.    Ennefcorthy, in the County of Wexford,

13.    Infide of Cardiff Caftle.

14.    Bothwell Caftle, in Clydefdale.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

26.    View of Ben Lomond, near Dunbarton.

27.    ViewofEnnifkillin, in the County of Fer- Mazell.

managh.

28.    Beauchief Abbey, in Derbyfhire.

29.    Trim Caftle, in Ireland.

30.    A View of the two Abbeys and Caftle of Rider.

the Earl of Defmond, at Adair, in the County of Limerick.

31.    Infide of Bothwell Caftle.

32.    Chepftow Caftle, in Monmoutbfhire.

33.    Hubberftone Priory, in Pembrokefhire.

34.    Harlech Caftle, in Merionethfhire.

35.    Afkerton Abbey, in the county of Limerick. Rider.

36.    Rofs Caftle, on the Lake of Killarney, in Cheftiam.

Ireland.

Watts.

Morris,

W atts. Walker, Mazell. Walker.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto,

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

16.    Caernarvon Caftle.

17.    Cory-Lin, on the River Clyde, near Lanerk.

18.    Obelifk in Memory of the Battle of the Walker.

Boyne, with a View of the River.

19.    Stone-Bier Lin, on the River Clyde,

20.    Drumlanrig, with a diftanc View of the Mazell.

Mountains'of Galway.

21.    Caftle and Town of Carrick, and Abbey of Cooke.

Carrick-Beg,

22.    N. E View of Pembroke.    Walker.

23.    Llandaff Cathedral.    Watts.

24.    North View of the Cathedral Church of Cooke.

Kildare, in Ireland,

Watts,

Rider.

W atts.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

37.    Snowdon, in Caernarvonfttire.

38.    Carrick, in the county of Tipperary.

39.    The New Bridge on the River Dqe, near Mazell.

Chirk Caftle, Denbighfhire.

40.    Copper Works at Neath.

41.    Dunbroady Abbey.

42.    Town and Caftle of Afketon.

43.    King’s Road, Loch Lomond.

44.    Dunftaffage Caftle.

45.    Gateway at Reading Abbey.

46.    Part of Wenlock Abbey,

47.    Edinburgh Caftle.

48.    Waterford.

49.    Buildwas Abbey.

50.    Kilcairn Caftle.

51.    Infide View of Chepftow Caftle.

52.    Benton Caftle.

53.    St. Kelly’s Caftle.

54.    Dunftaffage Caftle,,

Walker.

Chefham.

Walker.

Ellis.

Cheftiam.

Walker.

Rider.

Cheftiam.

Walker.

Chefham.

Duponchel,

Walker.

Ellis.

Cheftiarrw

Fittler.

Rider.

Scotty

Morris. Fittler. Chefham. , Cooke. Walker. Ellis. Fittler. Chefham. Roberts. Mazell. Fittler. Chefham. Rider.

Ditto.

Ditto,

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto. ■    61. Newfted Priory.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Cordiner. 66. Duff Houfe.

Nixon.

Sandby.

Ditto.

Fittler.

Duponchel.

Chefham.

Mazell.

Cooke.

Fittler.

Chefham.

Roberts.

76.    New Church at Nuneham.

77.    Ivy Bridge, near Plymouth.

78.    Ruins of an Abbey near Trim.

79.    View of the Rock Houfe, Briftol Wells. Walker.

80.    Kirk of Lufs, by Loch Lomond,

Chefham.

Scott.

Sandby.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Painters.

Sandby.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Nixon.

Sandby.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

82.    Cathedral of London Detry.

83.    Carlifle.

84.    Calfhot Caftle.

85.    Carrick Ferry, near Wexford.

86.    Shanes Caftle, on Lough Neagh.

87.    Palace and Abbey of Dunferling.

88.    Dawfon Grove, the feat of Lord Daftrey.

89.    Durham.

Chefham.

Rider.

Medland.

Chefham*

Fittler.

Chefham.

99. View of the Camp in the Mufeum Gardens. Collyer.

Chefham* Milton. Medland. Fittler.

Ditto.

L.Duncanon 100. Alnwick Caftle. Sandby.

Nixon.

Painters.    Engravers.

Sandby. 55. Lord Breadalbane’sfeat at Killing.    Walker.

Ditto. 56. Letter Shuna, the feat of the Laird of Chefham. Appin.

57.    Abbey of Llan Egwhrft.

58.    Carifbrook Caftle.

59.    Bewdley Bridge.

60.    Cataradl of the Bantree River.

62.    Loch-Leven.

63.    Shean Caftle.

64.    Lea Caftle, in the Queen’s County.

65.    Chepftow Bridge.

Sandby. 67. Royal Foundery, Woolwich.

Ditto. 68. Hot Wells, Briftol.

Ditto. 69. View on the Lake of Killarney.

Ditto. 70. St. George’s Chapel, and the Town Walker. Gate of Windfor Caftie.

Ditto.    7f.    Warwick Caftle.

Ditto.    72.    Eagle Tower,    Caernarvon.

Ditto.    73.    Strath Tay.

Cordiner. 74.    Marr Lodge,    in    Bamfffhire.

Sandby. 75. Fort George and Town of Invernefs. Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto. 81. Cowes Caftle, in the Ifle of Wight.

Engravers* FittJer. Chefham. Rider. Chefhanl. Scott. Woodyer. Walker. Chefham.

90.    Old Caftle and John’s Bridge at Limerick. Cooke.

91.    Burleigh, the feat of Lord Exeter.

92.    Battle Abbey, in SufTex.

93.    Ben Lomond, from Cameron Wood.

94.    View of the Camp in Hyde Park.

95.    Middleham Caftle, North-Weft Riding of Woodyer.

Yorkfhire.

96.    Dunluice Caftle, in the County of Antrim. Scott.

97.    Rofs Ifland, in the Lake of Killarney.

98.    Roche Abbey, in Yorkfhire.

101.    Newfted, in Nottinghamfhire.

102.    The Cave Hills, near Belfaft.

103.    View of the Camp in St. James’s Park.

104.    View of the Cathedral of Glafgow.

105.    South View of Sterling Caftle.

106.    Mayfield Abbey, in Suflex.

107.    Fall of Polufuca, on the River Liffey.

108.    Tinnihinch Road, Ireland,

Angus*

Morris.

Fittler.

Scott.

Rider*

Alphabetical Table to Volume the Second.

The Letters E. 3. W. and E after the Figures, ftand for Englijh, Scotch, Weljh, and Irifh, and fbew from whence the Viewg

are taken.

DAIR Cattle Afkeyton Abbey A/key ton Town and Cattle Alnwick Cattle

Boniton Lin Bothwell Cattle Ben Lomond Beauchief Abbey Buildwas Abbey Benton Cattle (by an error written Benfon Cattle)

Breadalbane Lord, his feat Bewdley Bridge Sriftol Hot Wells Burleigh Houfe Battle Abbey

C

Clyde River from Cory-Lin Cafhel, city of    &

Craig Toraphen Conway Cattle Cardiff Cattle Caernarvon Cattle Cory Lin

Carrick and Carrick Beg Abbey Chepftow Cattle Copper Works at Neath Carilbrook Cattle -Cataradl of the Bantree River Chepftow Bridge Caernarvon Eagle Tower Cowes Cattle Carlifle Callhot Cattle Carrick Ferry Camp in Hyde Park Ditto in the Mufeum Gardens Ditto in St. James’s Park Cave of Hills

Dunamace Cattle D roman a Drumlanrig

Plate

30    /    Defmond Earl of, his Cattle

.    55    / Dunbroady Abbey-

42    I Dunftaffage Cattle

too E DuffHoufe

Derry Cathedral

5 S Dunferling Palace and Abbey

31    5    Dawfon Grove

93    S Durham

28    E Dunluice Cattle

E

Ennefcorthy 52    W    Ennifldllin

55    S    Edinburgh Cattle

59    E    Eagle Tower

91    E    Foundery at Woolwich

92    E    Fort George

49

68 & 79 E

2 S Glafgow 6 /

8    5

10 W

13

16    W

17    S

41 W 40 w 58 E I

65 W 72 w

60

Si

Plate

30    1\ Marr Lodge

41    /j Middleham Cattle

44 & 54    St Mayfield Abbey

Place

74

95

106

61 Sc 101

39

tq tq ta

47

72

67    £

75

18

Hubberftone Priory Harlech Cattle Hot Wells, Briftol

Ivy Bridge

Kildare Cathedral King's Road at Loch Lomond Kilcairn Cattle Kelly’s Cattle Killarney, Lake of Kirk of Lufs

Luton Tower Llandaff Cathedral I Letter Shuna E Llan Egwerft Abbey E Loch Lcven 103 E Lea Cattle

I London Derry Cathedral Limerick Cattle and Bridge

83    E

84    E

SO SO 00

102

Milford Haven

I Pembroke S Polufuca, Fall of

Queen’s Gate at Caernarvon

Q_

104 S

- 68 & 79 E

77

24

43

cn

■S

*    69 I

80 S

z3

57

62

64    1

- 82

90    1

22

107

Reading Abbey Gateway Rofs Ifland Roche Abbey

Shrewlbury Cattle Seven Churches Stone-Bier Lin Snowdon St. Kelly’s Cattle Shean Cattle Strath Tay Shane’s Cattle Sterling Cattle

Trim Cattle Two Abbeys Trim Abbey Tinnihinch Road

45

97

- 9⁸

19

37

53

⁶3

73

86

i°₅

29

3°

7⁸

108

Wenlock Abbey Ditto

Waterford -    -

Windfor Cattle and Gateway of St. George’s Chapel    -    -

Warwick Cattle

25

OC On

70

7¹

To the READER and BOOK-BINDER.

The plates are all marked numerically, from i to io8-One Defcription includes Plates the 2d and 17th, Alio The 5th and 19th.

The 25th and 46th.

The 32d and 51ft.

The 35th and 43d.

The 44th and 54th.

An Account of the three Camps, Plates 94, 99, and 103, is given with the laft Print.

ERRORS.

ForBenfon Caftle in Oxfordihire, Plate 51, read Benton Caftle in Pembrokefhire, of which a more diftant View, including Milford Haven, and Defcription, is given in Plate 7. The Defcription of Benfon Caftle ihould be cancelled.

Plate 92, for Battle-Abbey from Mr. Wyndham’s, read Sketched by Mr. Wyndham, and Painted by Paul Sandby, Efq. R. A.

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Plate 1.

Weft View of SHREWSBURY TOWN and CASTLE.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R.A. and Engraved by Mr. WATTS.

H E Town of Shrewfbury is built on a rock, on a neck of land, and the river Severn almoft encompafies it. It was given by William the Conqueror to Roger de Montgomery, his kinfman and principal captain, who, about the year 1085, built the caftle upon an eminence ; it was befieged and taken by king Stephen from the emprefs Maud. From the top of this building there is a very extenfive profpedt of the neighbouring country. This ftrudture at prefent belongs to the earl of Bradford.

Shrewfbury is now one of the moft flouriffiing towns in England, and is delightfully fituated on an eminence, forty miles fouth by eaft of Chefter, a hundred and feven north of Briftob and a hundred and fevehty-fix north-weft of London. It is furrounded by the Severn on every fide but the north, which renders it a peninfula, in the form of a horfe-fhoe. It is walled round, and on the north fide, where it is not defended by the river, it is fortified by the above caftle. The ftreets are large, and the houfes in general well built. It has two bridges over the river, one of which, termed the Welch-bridge, has a very noble gate, and over the arch is the ftatue of Llewellin, the laft prince of North Wales; for in this town, the ancient princes of Powis Land, or North Wales, ufually refided. There are in this town five churches, St. Chad’s, St. Mary’s, St. Alkman’s, St. Julian’s, and Holy-Crofs, or Abbey-Foregate. Shrewfbury was incorporated by king Charles the Firft, and is governed by a mayor, a recorder, a Reward, a town-clerk, twenty-four aldermen, and forty-eight common-councilmen, who have a fword-bearer, three ferjeants at mace, and other inferior officers. The corporation have the power of trying caufes within themfelves, even fuch as are capital, except in cafes of high treafon. The burgefles, who have a right of choofing members of parliament, amount to about

four

WEST VIEW OF SHREWSBURY TOWN AND CASTLE.

four hundred and fifty. Here are twelve incorporated trading companies, who every year, on the Monday fortnight after Whitfuntide, repair in their formalities to a place called Kingland, on the fouth fide of the town, and on the oppofite bank of the Severn, where they entertain the mayor and corporation in arbors or bowers ereded for that pur-pofe, each of which is diftinguifhed by fome motto or device, alluding to their feveral arts. It is faid that king Charles the Second offered to ered this town into a city, but that the townfmen chofe that it fhould remain a borough, for which they were afterwards called the Proud Salopians. This town gives the title of earl to the noble family of Talbot.

Plate II.

View looking down the River CLYDE from the Top of COR Y-LIN.

Drawn by PAUL SAND BY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

O T very far from Lanerk are the celebrated falls of the Clyde : the moll diftant are about half an hour’s ride, at a place called Cory-Lin ; and are feen to moft advantage from a ruinous pavillion in a gentleman’s garden, placed in a lofty fituation. The catarad is full in view, feen over the tops of the trees and bullies, precipitating itfelf, for an amazing way, from rock to rock, with fhort interruptions, forming a rude dope of furious foam. The fides are bounded by vaft rocks, clothed on their tops with trees: on the fummit and very verge of one is a ruined tower, and in front a wood, over-topt by a verdant hill.

A path conduds the traveller down to the beginning of the fall, into which projeds a high rock, in floods infulated by the waters, and from the top is a tremendous view of the

furious

VIEW DOWN THE CLYDE FROM CORY-LIN.

furious ftream. In the clifts of this favage retreat the brave Wallace is faid to have concealed himfelf, meditating revenge for his injured country.

On regaining the top the walk is formed near the verge of the rocks, which on both fides are perfectly mural and equidiftant, except where they over-hang ; the river is pent up between them at a diftance far beneath; not running, but rather Aiding along a ftoney bottom Hoping the whole way. The fummits of the rock are wooded; the (ides fmooth and naked ; the ftrata narrow and regular, forming a ftupendous natural mafonry. After a walk of above half a mile on the edge of this great chafm, on a hidden appears the great and bold fall of Boniton, in a foaming (heet, far proje&ing into a hollow, in which the water (hews a violent agitation, and afar-extending mift arifes from the furface. Above that is a fecond great fall; two lefler fucceed ; beyond them the river widens, grows more tranquil, and is feen for a confiderable way, bounded on one fide by wooded banks, on the other by rich and fwelling fields.

*** This Defcription is taken from Mr. Pennant’s Tour through Scotland.

Plate III.

An Account of GLANDALOGH, or the SEVEN CHURCHES.

Sketched on the Spot by the Honourable Mr. DAWSON, Painted by PAUL SAND BY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. RIDER.

com

/^\ LANDALOGH, i. e. the Valley of the two Lakes, and in the Bull of Pope Lucius VJT the Third, called Epifcopatus Infularum, the Bilhoprick of the Ides, was a Bilhop-rick and Abbey, diftinct in their rights and pofieflions, founded by St. Coemgene,

mon

ly called St. Keivin, in the fixth century. The fee of Glandalogh contained almoft all the country about Dublin, fo that the Diocefe of Dublin being of very fmall extent, Cardinal Paparo, the Pope’s legate in Ireland, united Glandalogh to it in the year 1214.

Glandalogh

ACCOUNT OF GLANDALOGH.

Glandalogh had been held in great veneration on account of St. Keivin, who lived a fo* * litary life there to the age of 120, but at the time of its union with Dublin, and for forty years before, was fo wafte and defolate, that it became a den of thieves and robbers, who found a fecure retreat there, by reafon of its vaft and defert foiitude.

The Cathedral and Abbey of Glandalogh were feated about the middle of a long valley, furrounded with mountains of a very great height, except to the eaft, by which is the only entrance to it. From the mountains that form the weftern boundary of the valley, the water falls down over craggy rocks, and makes a Fake, which entirely fills the upper part of the valley ; this difcharges itfelf by a little river, which foon takes the form of a fecond lake, very near the firft, and from thence meanders through the valley to the eaft.

* The walls of feven or eight fmall buildings are ftill Handing, from whence the place is now called the Seven Churches.' One of them has a vaulted roof of ftone ftill remaining. There Hands feparate from any of the buildings, one of* thofe high and fender round towers of ftone peculiar to Ireland, about ninety feet high, and at the ward end of the building, on the fore-ground, another tower of the fame fort, but of which the upper part is now demoliftied. Among the ruins are fome crofles, with figures and infcriptions in the Iriffi language, alfo a yew tree or two of great magnitude. The celebrated bed of St. Keivin, where he lived the life of a hermit for four years, exercifing himfelf in falling, watching anft prayer, yvithout a fire, and without any food (according to the old legend) except what was fent him from Heaven, (lands on the fouth fide of the upper lake, being a cave liewed out of a folid rock, capable of containing three perfons. It is very difficult of accefs, and hangs on the. fide of the mouotain.over the Jake.. Not far from this bed, on the fame fide of the lake, are the ruins of a fmall ftone building, called St. Keivin’s cell.    ' ' '    '

Glandalogh is fituated in the county of Wicklow, about twelve pailes weft of the town of Wicklow.    ■ /    ' ’■

The few inhabitants of the valley ftill hold their Saint in much veneration, and relate with great faith numberlefs ftories of miracles performed there.

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Plate IV.

View of the Remains of the TOWER, at Luton, in

Bedfordshire.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R.A. and Engraved by Mr. ROOKER,

Tower is Paid to be of great antiquity, and from the femblance of the red I and yellow pavings to thofe in the font of Luton church, it is conjectured to be built about the fame time, which is above 500 years ago, and that it was the fummer-refidence of the abbot of St. Alban’s, before Henry VIII. alienated the revenues of that abbey. It was many years afterwards purchafed by the family of Napier, who was defended from a noble family of that name in Scotland, and came into England about the time that James I. afcended the throne. It is now the property of the Earl of Bute.

The tower has been very high, and of great ftrength, and, before the invention of gunpowder, impregnable. There was a cavity in the wall, called a whifpering-pipe, from the bottom to the top, which was entire before Sir John Napier began to pull down the tower, which was about forty years ago, part of which now remains, and alfo the walls of the chapel, and other ruins, which have been very extenfive.

Plate V.

View of BONITON-LIN.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

« The

N the defcription of Cory-Lin, vide Plate II. we have included that of Boniton-Lin, to which we will now add the following account of the neighbouring country, by Mr. Pennant.

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kl The town of Lanerk gives name to the county, and lies within half an hour’s ride of Cory and Boniton Lin. We pafled over the bridge in order to vifit the great fall of Stonebiers, about a mile from the town : this has more of the horrible in it than either of the other two, and is feen with more difficulty : it confifts of two precipitous cataracts falling one above the other into a vaft chafm, bounded by lofty rocks, forming an amazing theatre to the view of thofe who. take the pains to defcend to the bottom. Between this and Cory-Lin is another fall called Dundofflin.

“ We returned over the bridge, and walked to Cartland-crags, a zig-zag den of great extent, bounded by rocks of a very uncommon height, and almoft entirely clothed with frees. It is a place of laborious accefs from above, fo difficult is it amidft the fhade of trees to find a way free from precipice. The bottom is watered by the river Moufe; and the fides, at every Ihort turn, finely varied with the different appearance of rock, wood, and precipice. We emerged into the open fpace, remounted our horfes, and rode for fome miles along a rich vale, with the Clyde paffing along the bottom: all parts are rich in corn, meadows, orchards, and groves. We croffed the Nathan, at Nathan Foot; gained the heights, which are far lefs fertile; and, after going over the river Avon, reached the town of Hamilton.

<c The original name of this place, or the lands about it, was Cadzow, or Cadyow, st barony granted to an anceftor of the noble owner, on the following occafion : In tfie time of Edward II. lived Sir Gilbert de Hamilton, or Hampton, an Engliffiman of rank; who, happening at court to fpeak in praife of Robert Bruce, received on the occafion an infuit frpm John de Spenfer, chamberlain to the king, whom he fought and flew : dreading the refentment of that potent family, he fled to the Scottiih monarch, who received him with open arms, and eftablilhed him at the place the family now poffefles; whofe name in after-times was changed from that of Cadzow to Hamilton ; and in .1445, the lands were ere&ed into a lordfhip, and the then owner, Sir Tames, fat in “parliament as Lord Hamilton.’*

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Plate VI*

North-Eaft View of the Rock of Cashell, in the County of Tipperary.

BOTHWELL CASTLE, in Clydejdale, Scotland.

Sketched on the Spot by the Honorable Mr-. DAWS.ON,

Plate XXVII,

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

TOWN and CASTLE of ASKEYTON, in the County of Limerick, taken from the ABBEY.

Drawn by PAUL S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A. Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

•>

HOUSE,

MARK LODGE, in Bamffshire, a Hunting-Seat belonging to the

COWES CASTLE, in the ISLE of WIGHT,

PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A,

CAMERON

The Seat of Lord Byron.

FALL of POLUFUCA, on the River Liffy, near Dublin.

North-Eaft View of the Rock of Cashell, in the County of Tipperary.

HP HIS Plate reprefents the remains of the old Cathedral of Cafhell, placed on an in--S' fulated rock at the extremity of the town.

The Cathedral of Cafhell was built, or at leaft reftored, by Cormac Mac-Culinan, about the year 900. Cormac was both king and bifhop of Cafhell, and was a prince greatly Celebrated by the Irifh hiftorians for his learning, piety, and valour. He wrote, in his native language, a hiftory of Ireland, commonly called the Pfalter of Cafhell, which is ftill extant, and contains the moft authentic account we have of the annals of the country to that period.

Donald O-Brien, king of Limerick, built a new church there from the foundation, about the time of the arrival of the Englifh, in the reign of Henry II. but at the fame time preferved Cormac’s old church, which he converted into a chapel, or chapter-houfe, on the fouth fide of the choir. This chapel is roofed with Hone, and remains entire to this day 5 it is alfo commonly reckoned the moft antient building now Handing in Ireland.

This king made large grants of land to the fee of Calhell, which were enlarged by his fon Donat. King John confirmed thefe donations on the 6th of Sept. 1215.

Cafhell

About 200 years after, this church, which was become ruinous, was repaired by Richard O-Hedian, archbifhop of Cafhell; and divine fervice was performed there, ’till about thirty years ago, when the roof of the choir fell in. It remains now in that fituation, though the walls feem to be ftill found} and a new cathedral was begun in the town fe-veral years ago, but is not finifhed.

NORTH-EAST VIEW OF THE ROCK OF CASHELL, &c.

Cafhell was formerly the royal feat, and metropolis of the kings of Munfter; and on theafcent to the Cathedral appears a large ftone, on which every new king of Munfter was (as the inhabitants report from tradition) folemnly proclaimed.

On the north fide of the choir ftands one of thofe tall flender towers, of which feveral are found in Ireland, and whofe fingular form has excited fo many corije&ures in regard to their ufe.    •

This view fhews in the back ground, to the left, the Gaulty mountains, and, on the right, a flat fertile country, extending to the Shannon, and bounded by the mountains in the county of Clare.

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Plate VII.

Account of MILFORD HAVEN, in Pembrokeshire; with a

View of BENTON CASTLE.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R.A, and Engraved by Mr. WATTS.

M ILFORD HAVEN is univerfaily allowed to be the beft harbour in Great JJVJ, Britain, and as fafe and fpacious as any in Europe. It has fixteen deep and fafe creeks, five bays, and thirteen roads, all diftinguifhed by their feveral names, in which it is faid that a thoufand fail of fhips may ride in perfed: fecurity, and at a fufficient distance from each other: nor is there any danger of failing in or out with the tide, either by day or by night, from whatever point the wind may happen to blow; and if a fhip in difirefs comes in without either anchor or cable, fhe may run afhore on foft ooze, and there lie fafe till fhe is refitted. The fpring-tide rifes in this harbour thirty-fix feet; fo that Snips may at any time be laid afhore. Dale harbour is a ready out-let for fmall veflels, where they may ride in two or three fathoms at low water. In the reign of queen Elizabeth, before the Spanifh invafion, two forts were begun at the entrance of Milford Haven, one on each fide, called Nangle, and Dale block-houfes, but they were not then finifhed. The Stack-rock rifes here above water, lying near the middle of the entrance between Nangle and Dale. Penermouth is the opening of that branch of the haven on which the town of Pembroke is feated, and where the cuftom-houfe of Milford is kept. The breadth of the entrance between rock and rock is but two hundred yards at high water, and a hundred and twelve at low water. There is a ridge of rocky ground that has the name of Carrs, which runs alrnoft acrofs Milford Haven, from Peter-churc.h towards Llandftadwell, where it renders the landing place difficult to firangers, from its not appearing at low-water. Nay land is the place where they bring woollen yarn from Ireland, and there fait is alfo refined and conveyed from thence over the whole country. Laurreny is the place where large fhips take in coal and culm, which are brought in

barges

ACCOUNT OF MILFORD HAVEN, &c.

barges from Crefwell at low-water. Veins of copper ore have been obferved in the fea cliffs, fome of which, of the grey and purple kind, are very rich; there are alfo fome yellow and fulphureous, but none of them were ever properly wrought. The great plenty of lime-ftone about this haven, gives the inhabitants an opportunity of improving the ground, and rendering the land more fruitful than in the other parts of the county. The great excellency and utility of this harbour is, that in an hour’s time a fhip may be in or out of it, and in the way between the Land’s-end and Ireland. As it lies near the mouth of the Severn, a fhip, in eight or ten hours, may be over on the coaft of Ireland, or off the Land’s-end in the Englifh channel; and a veffel may get out of this place to the weft, much fooner than from either Plymouth or Falmouth. This harbour has been greatly improved by new works at the expence of the government.

Plate VIII.

View of the FALLS of T U M E L, in Scotland.

Drawn by PAUL SAND BY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

yfR. PENNANT, in his tour through Scotland, gives the following defcription of JLVji this romantic fpot:

“ We went due Eaft; pafled over a bridge crofs the Tumel, which difcharges itfelf out of Loch Rannoch. Not far off were fome neat fmall houfes, inhabited by veteran foldiers, who were fettled here after the peace of 1748; had land, and three pounds in money given, and nine pounds lent, to begin the world with. In fome few places this plan fucceeded; but in general, was fruftrated by the diflipation of thefe new eolonifts,

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who could by no means relilh an induftrious life; but as foon as the money was fpent, Which feldom lafted long, left their tenements to be poflefled by the next comer.

“ Here we faw a ftamping-mill, calculated to reduce llme-ftone to a fine powder, in order to fave the expences of burning, for manure. The hampers beat it into fmall pieces in a trough, which a ftream of water pafied through, carrying off the finer parts into a proper receptacle, the grofs ones being Hopped by a grate. I did not find that this project anfwered; but was told, that the benefit the land was to receive from it, would not appear till the third year.

<c On going up a fteep hill, we had a fine view of the lake. Where the mountains almoft clofe, is Mount Alexander, where Struan once refided, and which he called his hermitage : it is a mod romantic fituation, prettily wooded, impending over a fine bafon, formed by the Turnel, in a deep hollow beneath. At the bottom of this hill is Argentine, a little fountain; to which he gave that name from the filvery micse it flings up : near this are feveral rude but beautiful walks amidft the rocks and trees, among which, in clefts and chafins, I was {hewn the hard bed of the poor poet, when his difloyalty had made it penal for him to {hew his head. Near this the rocks almoft meet, and the river rufhes with vaft violence between. Some outlawed M'Gregors were once furprifed on the precipice, and all killed; one, who made a defperate leap upon a ftone in the middle of the water, and another to the oppofite fide, had the hard fate to be {hot in climbing the rocky fteeps.

“ A mile lower are the falls of the Tumel: I have feen higher; but, except that of the Rhine, never faw one with more water.

tom

“ We afcended a very fteep and high hill, through a great birch wood; a moft pic-turefque fcene, from the pendent form of the boughs waving with the wind from the bot-to the utmoft fummits of the mountain. On attaining the top, we had a view of the beautiful little Straith, fertile, and prettily wooded, with the river in the middle, forming numbers of quick meanders, then fuddenly fwelling into a lake, that fills the vale from fide to fide; it is about three miles long, and retains the name of the river.”

«■%

Plate IX,

The CASTLE of DUNAMAU, in the Queers County, Ireland.

Sketched on the fpot by the Hon. Mr. DAWSON, Painted by PAUL SANDBY, Efq;

R. A. and Engraved by Mr. ROOKER.

H E Caftle of Dunamau, or Donemaws, is fituated nearly in the centre of the Queen’s County, and from the earlieft times was remarkable for its ftrength ; for being feated on a detached rock, and that only acceffible on the eaft fide (from whence this view is taken), it was almoft impregnable before the invention of cannon.

The Queen’s County (formerly called Leix) was part of the territory of M‘Mur-rough, king of Leinfter, and on his death devolved to earl Strongbow, who had married his daughter.

Strongbow left an only daughter, who married William Marechal, earl of Pembroke, whofe great pofleflions in Ireland were afterwards divided between his five daughters, the youngeft of whom had Leix for her portion. She married William Bruce, lord of Brecknock, by whom fhe had an only daughter, who marrying lord Mortimer, he took pofleflion of Leix, and made Dunamau his chief refidence, probably both bn account of its ftrong and pleafant fituation.

In the reign of Edward II. the government of Ireland being negle&ed, and lord Mortimer, and other Englilh lords, who had pofleflions in Ireland, refiding in England, Lifagh O’Moore feized on Leix, and deftroyed lord Mortimer’s cafile of Dunamau.

This caftle being rebuilt, was finally deftroyed by Cromwell, fince which time it has remained in ruins.

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Plate X*

ACCOUNT of CONWAY CASTLE;

With a VIEW, Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. WATTS.

fTpHE Caftle of Conway, or A than the town, for it was

Aberconway, in North Wales, is of greater antiquity fortified by Hugh earl of Chefter in the reign of William the Conqueror; but afterwards being damaged in the wars, and falling to decay, it was rebuilt by King Edward the Firft. In the beginning of the late civil wars, Dr. John Williams, Archbilhop of York, a native of this place, having efcaped hither from Yorkfhire, fortified this Caftle for the King at his own expence, and held it till May 1645, when it was feized by Sir John Owen, by virtue of a commiflion from Prince Rupert, and on the 19th of January, 1646, it was delivered up to the Parliament.

The town is large and furrounded by a wall; it enjoys a delightful fitutation, for it Hands on the fide of a hill, and on the banks of the river, as broad as the Thames at Deptford. The Caftle was ftrong, the walls are of a large compafs, defended by thirty-five watch towers, which with the Caftle being very white, at the diftance of a mile make a good appearance; fo that taking in its port, the ferry over the river into Denbighfhire, and the little hills covered with timber on both fides the bay, no place can furnilh a more beautiful landfcape. It is governed by two bailiffs, and has a market on Fridays, with four fairs; viz. on April 6, September 4, O&ober 10, and November 8, all for cattle. We find in this place plenty of corn, timber, and oak bark, and there are annually cleared out of the cuftom-houfe, eleven or twelve thoufand bufhels of different forts of grain. Though the place is much reduced for want of trade, which of late years is greatly diminished, yet they have, in common with other harbours on the coaft, fome importations for the ufe of the country.

In this town is a remarkable epitaph; viz. “ Plere lieth the body of Nicholas Hookes, of ⁴« Conway, Gent, who was the one and fortieth child of his father, William Hookes, Efq; “ by Alice his wife, and the father of feven and twenty children.’’ He died the 20th of March, 1637, and the fame infcription was revived in 1720, at the charge of John Hookes, Efq;

Plate XL

Description of CAERNARVON)

With a VIEW of the QUEEN’s GATE, Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq;

R. A. and Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

AERNARVON is fituated on the ftreights of Meneu, or Menay, in Caernarvon-fhire, North Wales, the channel that feparates this county from the Ifland of An-glefea. Here the ancient Segontium of Antonius is thought by Camden to have been fituated. This Town was called by the Britons Caer Seint, from the river Seiont, which runs by it. About the year 600, it was the feat of the Britifh Princes, but it gave way . to the new Town built in after times, called Caernarvon, or Caer ar Von, that is, the touon over againjl Mon> or Anglefea; from which the county now borrows its name, as we have before obferved. This town is encompafled with a firm wall, and over it are feen Snowdon hills. It is related that the body of the emperor Conftantius, father of Con-ftantine the Great, being found here about the year 1283, when King Edward the Firft: was building this Town and Caftle, he ordered it to be interred honourably in the new church. The confiable of the Caftle is always mayor of the town, by virtue of his patent; and fubordinate to him are an alderman, twro bailiffs, a town-clerk, and other officers. It has the privilege of a market on Saturdays, and four fairs, namely, on February 25, May 16, Auguft: 4, and December 5, for cattle and pedlars ware. King Ed ward the Firft is faid to have converted the profits of the archbifhoprick of York, then void, to the building and fortifying of Caernarvon Caftle. In a part of this Caftle, called (from the figures on the angles of it) the Eagle Tower, was born, on the 25th of April, 1284, Edward of Caernarvon, the firft Prince of Wales of the Englifh blood ; afterwards King, by the name of Edward the Second. This Caftle was befieged by the parli-

mentary

Description of CAERNARVON.

mentary forces in the great rebellion, and furrendered to them in the beginning of June 1646. The chief commodities here are corn and Hate, and they {hip off here yearly from 20 to 30,000 bufhels of different kinds of grain. The dates are of the blue kind, and being very light, are convenient for houfes llightly timbered, and will endure the weather extremely well. Of thefe they fend yearly to different parts of England and Ireland above four millions. Not far off on the Anglefea fide, they have plenty of lime done ; and nearMoel y Don, on the Caernarvonfhire fide, there is a large bed of a fmall beautiful grained white free-done, which fupplies all the artificers in this part of the world with whet-ftones ; the hardeft of it, when ufed with oil, being little inferior to the Turkey oil {tone. They have fifh here in great plenty, fuch as falmon, cod, and whitings, all forts of flat-fifh, oyfters, mufcles, and cockles. They alfo {hip off great quantities of butter, cheefe, honey, and wax. There are feveral veins of lead ore lately difcovered near Snowdon Hill, not far from hence; and not many years ago a woollen manufacture was fet up here, which it is thought will anfwer very well. Caernarvon is 82 miles north-weft of Welch-Pool, and 251 north-weft of London.

The town of Caernarvon, though fmall, is neat, tolerably built, and well inhabited, and there is a good anchorage in the bay; the ferry which goes from hence to Anglefea, is called Abermenia Ferry, from whence there is a direct road to Holyhead. Caernarvon gives the titles of Earl and Marquis to the noble family of Bridges, for feme fucceffions. Dukes of Chandos.

Plate XII.

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In the County of Wexford in Ireland,

Sketched on the Spot by the Honourable Mr. DAWSON* and painted by PAUL

SANDBY, Efqj R.A.

Engraved by Mr. COOKE.

T7 NNISCORTHY, in the county of Wexford, is a fmall borough town feated on

J_₄ the river Slaney, by which there is a navigation fox fmall floops down to Wexford.

The people of this county were the Menapii, and this river Slaney the Modonus of Ptolemy. It was in this county the Englifh formed their firft fettlements in the reign of Henry II. and what is very remarkable, feveral of their defendants ftill remaining here, in a barony called Forth, have retained their own country cuftoms and accent inviolate to the prefent time, diftind from their neighbours, through a feries of fo many ages.

The fituation of Ennrfcorthy is very agreeable and pidurefque, and there is. the remains here of a confiderable caftle built by the firft Englifh fettlers.

ERRATUM.

In tht Defeription of Plate IX. for Dunemau Castle, rtad Dunemace Castle*

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Plate XIII.

Baft View of the Infide of CARDIFF CASTLE, in Glamorgansireh.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, E% R. A. and Engraved by Mr. MAZELL.

^'"'lARDIFF (the firfl town on the fouth-eafl of the county of Glamorgan) is thirty-fix miles fouth-weft of Monmouth, and 163 weft of London. Its name fignifies a city on the Taff, it being thus called from its fituation on that river. It is a pretty large well-built town, efteemed the handfomeft in all South Wales. It is feated in a rich and fertile foil, proper for corn and pafture; the ground about it is level; but at the diftance of three or four miles, it is furrounded with pleafant hills, that yield a delightful profpedf. There is a handfome bridge over the river Taff, to which veflels &£ fmall burthen may come up; and a commodious harbour, by which the inhabitants carry on a good trade to Briflol, and other places. The houfes are well built, and the ftreets clean and in good order. The town confifts of two parifhes, though at prefent it has but one church; for the other, above an hundred years ago, was undermined by the river, and the greateft part of it fell down. It is enclofcd by a wall, which has four gates, and has a caftle, which is a large ftrong; and ltately edifice, the conltable of which is always the firft magiftrate of the town.

This caftle, together with the walls, was built by Robert Fitz Haimon, a Norman, about the year 1100, who held here his courts of juftice, and kept a ftrong garrifon, his twelve peers or knights being obliged to defend their feveral Rations. In this caftle Robert Curthofe, eldeft fon of William the Conqueror, was imprifoned by his „ brothers till his old age, having firft been deprived of his eyes, as well as of his hopes of the crown* It was taken by Maelgcn, and Rhys Gryg, with prince Llewellyn’s forces, in 1131. It is now a lordfhip, belonging to the right honourable the lord vifcount Windlbr.

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BOTHWELL CASTLE, in Clydejdale, Scotland.

With a VIEW, Drawn by PAUL S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A, and Engraved by

Mr. LERPINIERE.

OTHWELL CASTLE, now in ruins, is beautifully feated on the banks of the Clyde : tradition and hiftory are lilent about the founder. It i$ faid to have been

a principal refidence of the Douglafies ; and while Edward I. was in pofiefiion of Scotland, was the chief ftation of his governor ; and after the battle of Bannock-bourne

was the prifon of fome of the Englifh nobility taken in that fatal field. Major fays, that in 1337 it was taken by the partizans of David Bruce, and levelled to the ground. That feems a favorite phrafe of the hiitorian; but to me it appears to be in the fame fiate with that of Caerlaverec, and was only difmantled ; for in both fome of the remaining towers have all the marks of the early ftyle of building.

Phis Defcription is taken from Mr. Pennant's Pour through Scotland\

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DROMANA, the Seat of lord Grandifon,on the River Blaclnrater.

Published as the Art directs, bv&JL6ars{yJV?4t> Meet Strretj. June 77yd.

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D R O M A N A,

The Seat of Lord GrandisoNj on the river Blackwater, in the county

of Waterford, Ireland.

Sketched on the fpot by the Honorable Mr. DAWSON, and painted by PAUL

SANDBY, Efq; R. A.

Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

ROMANA is lituated on the river Blackwater, between Youghall and Cap-perquin.

The houfe, as here reprefented, is inlignificant, and by no means worthy of its fitu-ation, which is one of the fined: that can be imagined. It is raifed on a very elevated bank richly furnifhed with large trees, and commands a moft pleafing view of the river, and the extenfive woods which cloath the fide of a mountain on its oppofitc , bank.

The Blackwater is navigable for brigs of 150 ton for a few miles above Dromana. Since this View was taken, in 1774, a confiderable addition has been made to the houfe.

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CAE JCNARVOJST CASTLE

Tublirhcd as thesicl directs, l>y O. TCearsly, in Meet Street, Julyi, ij~}8.

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Drawn by PAUL SANDBY? Efq, R, A» and Engraved by Mr. Watts.

/TTSHE deaths of Llewellin, prince of Wales, and his brother Gryffith, having put king Edward the Firft in-JL to quiet pofleflion of the whole country of Wales, he, in order to fecure his conqueft, eredted feveral ftrong holds and caftles; among which was this of Caernarvon, He began it about the year 1283, together with the town, to which the caftle is a kind of citadel, occupying all the weft fide of it. For defraying the ex-pences of this undertaking, it is faid Edward appropriated the revenues of the archbilhoprick of York, then vacant. The town is encompafled by a wall garnifhed with towers j whence, according to fome, it takes its name, Caer-ar-fon in the Rritilh language fignifying a walled town, It is pleafantly fituated on the fouth bank pf the Straits of IVfenai, which divides Gaeynarvonfhire from the illand of Anglefea,

“ Upon this fretum (fays Camden) ftood the city of Segontium, mentioned by Antonlus, of the walls of which I have feen fome ruins, near a fmall church built in honour of St, Publius, It took its name from a river that runs by it, called tq this day Sejont, which iflues out of the lake of Lyhn Paris $ in which they take a peculiar fifh not feen elfewhere, called by the inhabitants, from its red belly, Torgoeh, Now, feeing the ancient copy of Ptolemy places the haven of Sentantii on this coaft, which other copies remove much farther off j if I fhould read it Segontiorium Portum, and ftioiild fay it was the mouth of this river, perhaps I Ihould come near the truth ; at leaft, a candid reader would pardon the conje&ure. Ninnius calls this city Caer Kyftenydh j and the author of the life of Grufydh ap Kynan tells us, that Hugh, earl 0/ Chefter, built a caftle at Han Gaer Kyftenin ; which the latin interpreter renders, “ the ancient city of the emperor Conftantine “ Moreover, Mathew of Weftminfter hath recorded, (but herein I will not vouch for him), that the body of Conftantius, the father of Conftantine the Great, was found here in the year 1283, and honourably interred in the church of the new tower by command of king Edward the firft, who at that time built the town of Kaer’n ArYon,,’

Here, anno 1284, in a tower called theEagler tower, (from the reprefeptation of that bird carved upon it), Eleanor, queen of Edward the firft, was brought to bed of a fon, created by his father prince of Wales j being the firft of Englifh blood who enjoyed that title. He was afterwards king, by the name of Edward II, and i$ frequently, from the place of his birth, ftiled Edward of Caernarvon.

4 ft For an account of the privileges and trade of this place, fee the defeription of Plate XI. giYen;nNo.IY* of this work,

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Drawn by PAUL SANDBYj Efqj R. A.

Engraved by Mri Rider.

OR an Account of this Wild and beautiful fpot* we refer our readers to the First Number, Plate IL in which is given a different view of the fame place, with an accurate defcription from Mr. Pennant’s Tour through Scotland.

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OBELISK in memory of the BATTLE of the BoYNE

Published or the Act direct?, by GJCearf1ydro4t>. / 'IcciStrect,iJuly,ijyS.

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View of part of the River Boyne in Ireland, with the Obelisk.

Sketched on the fpot by the Honorable Mr. DAWSON, and painted by PAUL

SANDBY, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

on

rT^HIS Obelilk was eredled in memory of the glorious and important vi&ory obtained here,

JL the firft of July, 1690, by king William III. over James II. by which the Revolution was finally eftablilhed, and the happy conftitution of the three kingdoms in church and Hate preferred* from impending ruin.

Juft under this Obelilk the main body of king William’s army crofted the Boyne, under the command of Duke Schomberg, who was killed in the river by a piftol ftiot.

In the inclofures on the oppofite fide of the river and the high grounds above them, the Irifti army was polled to defend the paftage, which they did for fome time with effedl, and would perhaps have rendered the conteft doubtful, if king James had animated them by his prefence.

The Obelilk is fituated at Old Bridge on the Boyne, and has the following inferiptions on its four feveral lides.

I.    Meinhardt, Duke Schomberg, in pafting this river, died bravely fighting in defence of liberty.

II.    This monument was ere&ed by the grateful contributions of feveral proteftants of England and Ireland.

III.    July the ill. 1690.

IV.    Sacred to the glorious memory of king William the III. who, on the ill of July, 1690, pafted this river near this place, to attack James II. at the head of a popilh army, advantageoully polled on the fouth fide of it, and did on that day, by a fuccefsful battle, fecure to us, and to our pofterity, liberty, laws, and religion. In confequence of this aftion, James II. left this kingdom, and fled to France. This memorial of our deliverance was erefted in the 9th year of the reign of king George II. the firft Hone being laid by Lionel Sackville, duke of Dorfet, lord lieutenant of the kingdom of Ireland, 1736.

The houfe, which is delightfully fituated on an eminence, belongs to Mr. Codrington.

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On the River CLYDE*

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr* WATTS.

A Defcription of this Place, with Boniton-Lin, is given in our fecond Number. —»*-fee Plate V*

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TXRUMLANRIG is a market-town of Nithfdale, in the fhire of Dumfries, in thefouth of Scotland. It gives title A-*/ of Earl to the Duke of Queenfbury, who has a noble palace here, magnificently feated on the fide of a hill, an jmmenfe mafs, embofomed in trees. Here is a handfome ftone bridge of two arches, of a vail: heigth above the Nith, which fills the bottom of a deep and wooded glen, and a very fine and well-planted park. The houfe is a fquare building, with a fquare tower at each corner, and three fmall turrets on each ; within is a court, and at each angle a round tower, each containing a ilair-cafe. It was built by William, Duke of Queenfbury, begun in 1679, and compleated in 1689. His Grace fecmed to have regretted the expence, for report fays, that he denounced, in a writing, on the bundle of the accounts, a bitter curfe on any of his poilerity who offered to infpeCt them.

View of DRUMLANRIG.

With a diftant Profpedt of the Mountains of GALWAY, in SCOTLAND. Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A. and Engraved by Mr. Mazell.

The apartments are numerous; the gallery is 108 feet long, with afire-place at each end ; it is ornamented with much of Gibbon’s carving, and fomegood portraits.

In the park is the white breed of wild cattle, derived from the native race of the country, and ftill retain the primeval Tavagenefs and ferocity of their anceftors, are more fhy than any deer, and run away on the appearance of any of the human fpecies, and even fet of at full gallop on the leafl noife ; during fummer they, keep from all other cattle, but in ievere weather hunger will compel them to vifit the out-houfes in fearch of food. The keepers are obliged to Ihoot them, if any are wanted : if the bead is not killed on the fpot, it runs at the perfon who gave the wound, and who is forced, in order to fave himfelf, to fly for fafety to the intervention of fome tree, Thefe cattle are of a middle fize, have very long legs, and the cows are fine horned : the orbits of the eyes and the tips of the nofes are black, but the bulls have loft the manes attributed to them by Boethius.

* The beauties ofDrumlanrigare not confined to the higheft part of the ground ; the walks, for a very confiderable way, by the fides of the Nith, abound with moft pidturefque and various feenery: below the bridge the fides are prettily wooded, but not remarkable lofty; above, the views become wildly magnificent; the rivers run through a deep and rocky channel, bounded by vaft wooded cliffs, that rifefuddenly from its margin, and the profpeCl down from the fum-mit is of a terrific depth, encreafed by the rolling of the black waters beneath : two views are particularly fine, one of quick, repeated, extenfive meanders, amidft broken, fharp-pointed rocks, which often divide the river into feveral channels, interrupted by fhort and foaming rapids, coloured with a moory teint. The other is of a long ftrait, narrowed by the fides, precipitous and wooded, approaching each other equi-diftant, horrible from the blacknefs and fury of the river, and the fiery red 4nd black colours of the rocks, that have all the appearance of haying fuftained a change by the rage of another element.

Here is an excellent road betwixt twenty and thirty miles in length, made at the foie expence of the prefent Duke of Queenfbury : his Grace is in all refpeCts a warm friend to his country, and by praimia promotes the manufacture of wool-, len fluffs, and a very ftrong fort of woollen ftockings, and by thefe methods will pieferve on his lands an ufeful and in-duftrious population, that will be enabled to eat their own bread, and not opprefs their brethren, or be forced into exile* as is the cafe in many parts of North-Britain.

* Vide Pennant’s “ Tour through Scotland.’¹

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Cafde and Town of Garrick and Ahlbey of Carrick-lbeg’. „

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View pf the Casti.e and Town of Carrick, and Abbey

of Carrick-Bf.g,

Sketched on the Spot by the Honorable Mr-. DAWS.ON,

Painted by PAUL SAND^Y, Efq. R. A.

And Engraved by Mr Cqoke.

rpHIS View reprefents the Town andCaftle of Carrick, and Abbey of Carrick-beg, ft. e. Little -I. Carrick) which is connected to the town by a bridge over the river Sure.

This town is (ituated in a beautiful country, and has the advantage of a communication with Waterford, by water, for large (loops.

The Caftle, with a large Park adjoining, belongs to the Butler family, but both now neglected.

At Carrick-beg are the remains of art Abbey of Francifcan Friars, founded by James, firft Earl of Ormond, in 1336. A fteeple eredted on one of the fide walls of the church is accounted a curi-pfity here, as it projects about two feet over the wall, from which it takes its rife in a point at 20,

feet from the ground.

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North Eaft View of PEMBROKE.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efqj R. A. Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

TVEMBROKE Hands upon a creek of Milford Haven, in the pleafanteft part of Wales, 217 miles from Lon-JL don. It derives its name from the ancient Britifh word Penvro, a cape or promontory. It is the county town, and has two handfome bridges, over two fmall rivers that run into a creek, which forms the weft fide of the promontory. It is well inhabited, and has many good houfes, and three parifh churches, St. Michael’s, St. Mary’s, and St. Nicholas’s. Here is alfo a cuftom-houfe. Among the inhabitants are feveral merchants, who, favoured by the fituation of the place, employ near two hundred fail on their own account; fo that, next to Caermarthen, it is the largeft and richeft town in South-Wales. It has one long ftrait ftreet, upon a narrow part of a rock, and the above-mentioned rivers feem to b£ two arms of Milford-Haven, which ebbs and flows clofe to the town. It is governed by a mayor, bailiff, and burgefles, and was anciently fortified with walls and a magnificent caftle, firft built by Arnulphde Montgomery, brother to the earl of Shrewfbury, in the reign of king Henry the firft. It is featedon a beautiful rock at the weft end of the town. In this rock, under the chapel, is a vault called Wogan, remarkable for a very fine echo : this is fuppofed to have been a ftore-room for the garrifon, there being a ftair-cafe leading into it from the caftle. This ftruCture being burnt a few years after it was ereCted, it was rebuilt by Owen, the fon of Cadogan of Blethim. It is remarkable for being the birth-place of Henry the feventh, and for the brave defence made by the garrifon for king Charles the firft. The church of St. Nicholas at the weft end of the town, beyond the caftle, is no more than a part of the church formerly belonging to a Benedictine priory, called St. Nicholas of Monkton, which was founded in the year 1098, by Arnulph de Montgomery, earl of Pembroke, and given to the abbey of St. Martin of Sayes in Normandy. This being a cell to a foreign abbey, was feized by king Edward the third during his wars with France. King Henry the third reftored it. Afterwards it was feized again, and given by king Henry the fixth to Humphry, duke of Gloucefter, who made it a cell to the abbey of St. Alban’s. Pembroke has given the title of earl to the feveral noble families of Montgomery de Clare, Marfhal de Valence, and Halting. John, duke of Bedford, and Humphry, duke of Gloucefter, bothfons of king Henry the third, were earls of Pembroke. William de la Pole, duke of Suffolk, W’as marquis of this place. Jafper of Hatfield, half-brother to king Henry the fixth, was ear] of Pembroke, and after him two of the family of Herbert. Then Edward, prince of Wales, fon to king Edward the third. Anna Boleyn (afterwards king Henry the eighth’s queen) was marchionefs of Pembroke. And laftly, king Edward the fixth conferred this earldom on the Herberts, who Brill enjoy it,

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LANDAFF is a bifhop’s fee, and adorned with a Cathedral, which is a fine ftru&ure. It waJ made a bifhop’s fee about the year 490, by St. Jubricius, who was fucceeded by St. Tiliau, to whom the church is dedicated. Bifhop Urban, about the year 1120, rebuilt the church, with two towers at the weft end, eighty-nine feet high, of which that at the fouth now remains, though two of its pinnacles were thrown down by the ftorm in 1703. The north tower was pulled down and rebuilt in an elegant manner, 105 feet high, in the reign of Henry the Seventh, at the expence of Jaiper, duke of Bedford, but the pinnacles and battlements were demolilhed by the above-mentioned ftorm. The body of the cathedral has been lately rebuilt, and is 263 feet and a half in length from eaft to weft : the diftance from the weft door to the choir is 110 feet j the length from the choir door to the altar is feventy-five feet; and the diftance from thence to the farther end of what is called St. Mary’s chapel, is fixty-five feet* The body of this church is fixty-five broad j and the height from the floor to the top of the compafs-work of the roof is alfo fixty-five feet; and to the top of the middle ifle, above the pillars, fifty-four feet* The choir is very neat; but in this church there is no crofs ifle, as there is in all the other cathedrals in England and Wales; nor is there any middle fteeple, as there is in all the cathedrals befides, except Bangor and Exeter.

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North View or the Cathedral Church of Kildare. Sketched on the Spot by the Honorable Mr. DAWSON, Painted by PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A.

And Engraved by Mr. Cooke.

View exhibits what remains of that church, confiding in the walls of the nave, and the fouth fide of the fteeple, A the north fide having been beaten down by cannon in the rebellion of 1691. The choir, where divine fervice is now performed, has been repaired, or rather rebuilt in the modem tafte, and has nothing worth notice in it.

The frnall ruin in the fore-ground of this view is faid to be the remains of the fire-houfe, where the inextinguilhable fire was formerly kept by the nuns of St. Brigid, who founded an abbey here about the year 480.

At thirty yards from the weft end of the church Hands one of thofe tall round towers peculiar to this country. This tower is 13c feet high, and 45 feet circumference at the bafe, which gradually diminifhes to the top, near which are four windows fronting the four cardinal points. The door is about fifteen feet from the ground.

With refpefc to the defign of raifing thefe ftruftures, authors are not agreed, fome aliening them to be intended for beacons, others for belfries, others again for the reception of Anchorites. Of thefe opinions, the latter feems to be the mod probable, for it is well known, that, at the time when thefe towers are fuppofed to have been erefted, (from the eighth to the eleventh century) there was in Afta an order of monks called Stilites, or Column Saints, from the lingular

the tops of high pillars, where they remained, (many for fe-

fituation in which they chofe to do penance. This was on vcral years), in an erect pofture, expofed to the feverities of the weather, with only a parapet, bread high, to prevent the faint from breaking his neck. Now, as many foreigners reforted to Ireland for learning and education at that -/Era, fomemight have come from the eaft, and introduced thefe pillars among the Iriih, who were not behind the reft of their neighbours in the practice of thofe religious aufterities, which fo generally prevailed all over Chriftendom in the early ages of the church.

The firft mention of thefe Anchorites in the annals of Ireland, is, Anno Dom. 732, about which time it may be fiip* pofed thefe towers began to be erefted.

We find in the Iriih antiquities, thatDunchad O’Bravin, abbot of Clonmacnois, betook himfelf to an Anacheretical life, and llrut himfelf-up in Arfti Inciuforii Ergaftulo, where he died in 987.

This kind of tower in Iriftvis called Clock-Ancoire, i. e. the Hone of the Anchorite.

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VIEW of PART of WENLOCK ABBEY,

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PAUL S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr. Watts,

ENLOCK is fituated eleven miles fouth-eaft of Shrewfbury in Shropshire. The church confifts of a nave, a chancel, one aide, which is on the fouth fide, and a tower with a fpire. Sir Watkin Williams Wynne is the patron. It is a borough, which, together with Brafeley and Little Wenlock, fends two members to parliament. This town was famous in the reign of Richard thefecond for a copper-mine, as it is now for its quarries of lime-ftone. It is an ancient corporation, governed under its charter, granted in Charles the firft’s time, by a bailiff, who is juftice of the peace, and of the quorum, a recorder, two otherjuftices of the peace, and twelve bailiff peers, or capital burgeffes.

In the Saxon times Wenlock was very remarkable for a nunnery; in which St. Milburga, the niece of Welphere, king of Mercia, lived and died abbefs, and was afterwards canonized for the holy life fhe led there; but this houfe going totally to decay; Roger de Montgomery, earl of Shrewlbury, erected an abbey in its place, for the monks of Cluni, and dedicated the church to St, Milburga. It had afterwards feveral benefaftors, till at length its revenue came to be fo confider-able, as to be valued, at the diffolution of religious houfes, at 4011. is. yd. a year, by Dugdale ; and at 434I. by Speed. There are very large remains of this abbey, which fhew that it was extremely ipacious and very beautiful, though no one part of it is at prefent left entire,

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Plate XXVI,

A View of BEN-LOMOND, from the Banks of the River Leven, near Dunbarton. Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A. and Engraved by Mr. Walker.

HE following defcription of this delightful and romantic fpot is taken from Mr. Pennant’s Tour through Scotland :

North Britain may well boaft of its waters; for fo Ihort a ride as thirty miles preferits the traveller with the view of four magnificent pieces. Loch-Aw, Loch-Fine, Loch-Long, and Loch-Lomond. Two indeed are of fait water ; but, by their narrovvnefs, give the idea of frelh-water lakes. It is an idle obfervation of travellers, that feeing one is the fame with feeing all of thefe fuperb waters ; for almolt every one of them I vifited has its proper charafters.

“ Loch-Lomond is the laft, and moll; beautiful of the Caledonian lakes. The firft view of it from Tarbat, prefents an extenfive Terpentine winding amidfi: lofty hills ; on the North, barren, black, and rocky, which darken with their lhade that contracted part of the water. Near this gloomy trad, beneath Craig Rollon, was the principal feat of the M‘Gregors, a murderous clan, infamous forexcelfes of all kinds.

“ The length of this charming lake is 24 Scotch miles ; its greatefl: breadth eight: its greatefl: depth, which is between the point of Firkin and Ben-Lomond, is an hundred and twenty fathoms.

“ The vale between the end of the lake and Dunbarton is unfpeakably beautiful, very fertile, and finely watered by the great and rapid river Levin, the difcharge of the lake, which, after a Ihort courfe, drops into the Firth of Clyde below Dunbarton : there is fcarcely a fpot on its banks but what is decorated with bleacheries, plantations and villas.

“ The traveller, who has leilure, Ihould ride to the eminence of Millegs, to fee the rich profpeCt betvve'en Loch-Lomond and the Clyde. Oneway is feen part of the magnificent lake, Ben-Lomond, and the valt mountains above Glen-Crow. On the other hand appears a fine reach of the Clyde enlivened with fhipping, a view of the pretty feats of Rofeneth and Ardincapel, and thebufy towns of Port-Glafgow and Greenock.

After crolfing the ferry over the Levin at Bonnel, and riding three miles, you reach Dunbarton, a fmall, but good old town, feated on a plain near the conflux of the Levin with the Firth of Clyde ; its confifls principally of one large ftreet in form of a crefcent. On one fide is the Tolbooth, and at the fouth end the church with a fmall fpire iteeple ; it has been a collegiate, was founded about 1450 by Ifabel Countefs of Lenox and Duchefs of Albany, and was dedicated to St. Patrick, who was born in this county. The waites of the town are bag-pipes, which go about at nine o’clock at night and five in the morning.

<£ Thecaftle is feated a little fouth of the town, on a two-headed rock of a ftupendous height, riflng in a firange man. ■ner out of the fands, and totally detached from every thing elfe ; it is bounded, on one fide oy tae Clyde, and on the other by the Levin.’’

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Plate XXVII,

A View of ENISKILLEN.

Sketched on the fpot by the Honorable Mr. DAWSON, and painted by PAUL

SANDBY, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr. Mazel.

XpNISKILLEN is fituated upon an ifland in Lough Erne, in the county of Farmanagh, and in jL~J , the province of Ulfter, Ireland. There are faid to be upwards of three hundred iflands upon this Lough. (Lough is anlrifh term for Lake). Thefe iflands are fo thickly planted on fome parts of this Lake, offuch various magnitudes, and fq intermixed with each other, as to be almoft innumerable. There are many gentlemens’ feats moil delightfully fituated in the neighbourhood, and on the verge of the neighbouring lakes. This town is famous for producing that brave and gallant regiment of its name in the wars of King William againft James the fecond. It is the moft rurally fituated of any inland town in the kingdom, and perhaps of any in the Britifh dominions. It is alfo well fituated for trade by a communication of the Lake with feveral counties, and on the N. W. with the fea, through a river that, from Belleck to Ballyfhannon, is one continued feries of cafcades and waterfalls, which are both beautiful and romantic. The defcent of the river, which is pot above three or four miles long from the Lake to the Sea, is faid to be about 700 feet.

The moft confiderable falmon -leap (of which there are feveral in this kingdom) is at the very mouth of it.

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Plate XXVIII

View of BEAUCHIEF ABBEY,

in Derbyshire.

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EAUCHIEF, or and nine from (

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abbey, is lit area tnr e miles nortn-weit or jjronneid,

_    in Derbyihire it was founded for the Premonftratenfes,

by Robert Fitz Ranulph, Lord of Alfreton ; who being one of thofe four knights who murdered Thomas Becket, archbifhop of Canterbury, ere&ed this abbey as an expiation for that faand dedicated it to him by the name of St. Thomas the Martyr. It was valued, at the time, of the diflolution of the monafteries, at 1261. a year by Dug dale, but at 1371. by Speed. It is now in the pofleflion of — '■■■■- Peggs, Efq.

TRIM

Plate XXIX*

CASTLE.

Sketched on the Spot, by the Honourable Mr. DAWSON, and painted by PAUL .....    •    • ' * . SANDBY, Efq; R. A,

Engraved by Mr. MORRIS.

RIM is the chief town of the county of Antrim, in Ireland, and remarkable for nothing more than the large remains of an old caftle, that, from its lize and foil— dity of ftru&ure, muft have been'.once a ftrong place of defence. It Hands-on the banks of the famous river Boyne, on which it makes a very linking appearance.

Some perfons have wifhed to carry its antiquity as far back as the time of Henry II. by a follower of whom it is laid to have been built. That this account is erroneous, mull neceflarily appear to any one who confiders, that in this prince’s reign the ufe of Hone and mortar in building was fo little known in Ireland, that the only firudture of this kind was then termed by the aftonifhed natives, “ the wonderful Cajlle /” which was that at Tuam, built by Roderic O’Connor, in the year 1161. And we are allured by hillorians, that, when this monarch was at Dublin, in the year 1171, he held a folemn fellival at Chriftmas, with the princes and chieftains of that country, in a palace formed of no other materials but fmoothed wattles, according to the ufual manner of building in Ireland at that time. It feems probable, therefore, that the foundation of this llruc-ture is to be afcribed to fome later period; though its exadt date is not fo eafy to be ascertained.

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A View oi the two ABBIES, and a CASTLE of the EARL of DESMOND, at ADDAIR, in the County of Limerick, in Ireland.

Sketched by the Hon. Mr, DAWSON, Painted by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and

Engraved by Mr. RIDER.

DDAIR is a little village pleafantly fituated near the town of Limerick, and em-beliifhed with ruins of feveral churches and convents, rendered elegant by ivy, which almod covers them. In the (lately ruins of the two Abbies are fome remains of ancient paintings, particularly a bifhop, with his crofier and mitre, giving his benediction. Alfo St. Patrick, St. Bridget, and St. Columba. (The cadle of the Earl of Defmond we have taken notice of in the defcription of Plate 42.) Nine miles eaftward of this village, at Lough-Guir, is a druidical temple, confiding of three circles of done ; the principal, which is about an hundred and fifty feet in diameter, contains forty dones, of which the larged is thirteen feet long, fix broad, and four thick. Thefe kinds of circles are to be met with in many parts of Ireland, but in no part of Europe fo perfect as this.

Some of the Tingle dones of thefe circles exceed two tons weight j and at the top of an hill adjoining, a fine cromlech now remains. This place, and the adjacent lake, have been famous from the remoted antiquity, and of which many fabulous dories are told; near it was a famous city, or probably a Druid academy, as the name of Cathair, by which it yet goes, Teems to declare, where the remains of dreets, and marks of a town, may yet be traced.

Boate*

Within a century, Limerick was reckoned the fecond city in Ireland. At prefent it does not Teem to be half as large as Cork. It has lod its rank, not becaufe it thrives lefs, but becaufe Cork thrives more ; for it is in fo flourifhing a date, that it has taken the lead of Galway and Waterford.

VIEW OF THE TWO ABBIES AND A CASTLE AT ADDAIR.

Boate, who wrote about a hundred years fince, arranges the Irifh cities in the following order : Dublin, Galway, Waterford, Limerick, Cork, and Londonderry. As to the other towns, he fays, the beft of them, which are Drogheda, Kilkenny, Belfaft, &c. are hardly comparable to thofe market towns which are to be found in all parts of England." But liow greatly muft this order be now deranged, when it is univerfally believed that the third town, in trade and confequence, is Belfaft ! In extent alfo it comes next to Cork, for it has 5295 houfes, Limerick but 3859, and Waterford 2628. It is remarkable that Newry, a town not fo much as named by Boate, has now more trade, houfes, and people than Galway.

Limerick is compofed of what is called the Irifh and theEnglifh town. The latter Hands upon the fouth part of a piece of ground three miles in circumference, called the King’s Bland, formed by the Shannon, which divides itfelf about half a mile above the city.

That part called the Irifh town is filthy and beggarly beyond defcription; but ]the other part is not fo defpicable, efpecially about the quays, on one of which a neat cuftom-houfe was ere&ed in 1765, and a few ftraggling houfes of brick were built. Both towns, in their ancient ftate, confifted of one long wide ftreet, well built, cut at right angles by many narrow lanes, in form of a comb with double rows of teeth.

The Englifh and Irifh town are united together by an old bridge called Baal’s. On the fame arm of the river, communicating with the quays and the new ftreets, is an elegant bridge built in 1761, of three arches; the middle one, a fpan of forty feet, admits boats under fail. The third bridge, thrown over the greater arm of the river, is called Tho-mond’s, which is quite flat, and confifts of fourteen arches, of which no two are alike; neither was there any rule of architecture to be feen in conftruCting it. Thomond’s and Baal’s together are not as wide as the fourteen arches of Weftminfter-bridge. The narrownefs of the ftreets muft, I fuppofe, be attributed to its being an old fortrefs.

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An Infide View of BOTHWELL CASTLE, in Clydesdale, Scotland.

Drawn by PAUL SAND BY, Efqj R. A. and Engraved by Mr. WATTS.

TN the fifth Number of this work, fee Plate 14, we gave a View of this Cattle from i the River Clyde, with a fhort account from Mr. Pennant’s Tour. To which

We now add a few more lines from the fame authority.

“ From Hamilton Palace, or Houfe, we continued our journey, croffed the Clyde at Bothwell-bridge, noted for the defeat of a fmall army of ertthutiatts* in 1679* by the Duke of Monmouth, who dittingiiithed himfelf that day more by his humanity than his condiidt; but it is probable he difliked a fervice againtt men to whofe religious principles he had no averfion : he might like wife aim at future popularity in the country.

with whom he

“ Bothwell church was collegiate, founded by Archibald the grim, Earl of Douglas, in 1398^ for a provotl and eight prebendaries. The outfide is faid to be iricrutted with a thin coat of hone, but I confefs it efcaped my notice. In it are in rred the founder and his lady* daughter of Andrew Murray, fon to King Davi( got the lordthip of Bothwell.

“ On the fouth fide of the Clyde, oppofite to the cattle, are the remains of Blantyre, a priory of canons regular, founded before the year 1296 3 mention being made in that year of Frere William Priour de Blantyr.

“ The country from Bothwell-bridge is open, and very fertile, eompcfed of gentl* filings, diverfifed with large plantations,”

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A View of CHEPSTOW CASTLE, in Monmouthshire* Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. WALKER*

HEPSTOW is feated on the fide of a hill, upon the Wye, near its influx into the Severn, fourteen miles fouth of Monmouth, and a hundred and thirty-five from London. It was formerly a place of great eminence, and is faid to have rifen from the ruins of Venta Silurum, which was an ancient Roman city, about four miles diRant. It was fortified with a wall of large circumference, and has a caftle which Rands upon a high rock, on the brink of the river Wye. It was once very fpacious and flirong, proper for the defence of the town, &c. The prefent proprietor is the duke of Beaufort. Near this caftle is a priory, the principal part of which being pulled down, the remainder was converted into a parifti church. C hep flow is Rill a large, well-built and populous town, wnth a fine bridge of timber, over the Wye, no lefs than feventy feet high from the furface of the water. Ships of good burthen may come up to it, the tide running with great rapidity, and commonly riling upwards of fix fathoms at the bridge. In January 1738, this bridge was much damaged by the tide’s riling above its ufual height, and as it is reckoned partly in Gloucefterftiire, it was repaired at the expence of both counties*

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HUBBERSTONE PRIORY,

Pembrokeshire.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq₅ R. A; Engraved by Mr. P, MAZEL.

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far from Milford Haven. y ; but whether for Monks pr Nuns, of what Order, when, and by whom founded, are particulars not handed down by tradition, or at leaft not known by the generality of neighbouring people. Neither Dougdale nor Tanner mention this Priory.

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HARLECH CASTLE, in Merionethshire*

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JulLslict as //tf'Act afibtofa ly It. K/jrsh N*4t) lleef~ Street SoV^2. 77 J&.

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Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

qpHIS place derives its name from its fituation. Harlech fignifies a pleafant rock. It is

I feated near the fea-lhore, 210 miles diflant from London. This caftle held out ftrenuoufly againft king Edward the Fourth, but at length it was with much difficulty taken by William Herbert, earl of Pembroke. It alfo held out one of the laft forking Charles the Firft, but furrendered on fair conditions to the parliament forces on the 16th of March, 1646; and is now in the poffef-fion of the crown, and has a garrifon for the fecurity of the coaft. The governor of this caftle is, by patent, appointed mayor of the town, but the houfes are mean, and it is but poorly inhabited. Harlech is fuppofed to have been a Roman town, from feveral Roman coins that have, at different times, been dug up in and near it. In a garden near the caftle was found, in 1692, an ancient golden torques, weighing about eight ounces, and confifting of a wreathed bar of gold, or three or four rods twilled together, about four feet long, and hooked at both ends-, but whether it was Bri-tifh or Roman cannot be eafily determined. This feems, by its length, to have been defigned for life as well as ornament, and was perhaps for holding a quiver of arrows.

The country about Harlech was, in the year 1694, llrangely annoyed during above eight months, by a furprifing fiery exhalation, which was feen only in the night, and confifted of a livid vapour that arofe from the lea, or feemed to come from Caernarvonlhire, acrofs a bay about ten miles broad. From this bay it fpread about a mile over the land, and fet fire to all the barns, Hacks of corn and hay in its way : it likewife infedled the air, and blafted the grafs and herbage, caufing a great mortality among the horned cattle, Iheep, and horfes. It conftantly proceeded to and from the fame place, in ftormy as well as in calm nights, but more frequently during the winter, than in the following fummer. It never fired any thing but in the night, and the flames, which were weak and of a blue colour, did no injury to the inhabitants, who frequently rulhed into the middle of them to fave their corn and hay. This vapour was at length extinguilhed by firing guns, ringing bells, blowing horns, and putting the air into motion, and by various other ways, when it was feen to approach near the lhore.

About two miles from Harlech is a remarkable monument called Koeton Arthur, which is a large oval (tone table, about ten feet long, and feven broad, and two feet thick at one end, but not above an inch at the other. It is placed on three ftone pillars, each about half a yard broad: two of them fupport the thick end, and are between feven and eight feet high; but the height of the third, at the other end, is not above three feet.

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ROSS CASTLE .on the LAKE of KILL AlLNEYin IRELAND

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ROSS CASTLE,

Sketched on the Spot by the Honorable Mr. Dawson, and Painted by Paul

Sandby, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr. C H E S H A M.

Tj OSS CASTLE is fituated on a fmall ifland upon the lower lake of Killarney, in the county of Kerry. Of its real antiquity, or original founder, no account remains ; but it is generally fuppofed to have been the refidence of O’Donaghoe, once a great chieftain in this part of Ireland. And, if you will believe the popular fuperfti-tion, his attachment to this favourite fpot remains even after life. For little doubt is entertained here, and it would be hardly fafe for a ftranger to exprefs any, of his making an annual vifit to thefe fcenes of his former grandeur and dominion. Nor is it to the terror, but rather joy of thofe whofe imaginations lead them to indulge this fancy : as among the lower fort of Irifli in thefe parts, he {till continues to be conli-dered as a fort of tutelary power, to whom they owe no fmall {hare of their fafety and protection.

Be this as it may: whatever was the former dignity of this ancient caftle, it has now little to boaft of; unlefs it can be thought to receive any from affording but in* different quarters to a few foldiers, for whofe ufe it is converted into barracks. But however reduced it may be in this refpeCt from what it once was, a long courfe of time has rendered it no lefs an ornament than ever, to one of the nobleft lakes, and moft piCturefque fpots in the world.

An Account of ASKERLON ABBEY, in the County of Limerick, Plate 3S» *will be given in a future Number.

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Plate XXXVII.

A View of SNOWDON, in CAERNARVONSHIRE.

Drawn by PAUL SAND BY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

^TT^HE late Lord Lyttelton, in i this remarkable mountain at

letter to Mr. Bower, gives the following account of the adjacent country.

“ After we left the banks of the lake of Bala, where we had an agreeable day, we got into a defert. Nothing remarkable occurred in our ride, until we came to Feltiniog, a village in Merionethlhire, the vale before which is the moft perfectly beautiful of all we had feen. From the height of this village you have a view of the fea. The hills are green, and well-lhaded with wood. There is a lovely rivulet, which winds through the bottom ; on each fide are meadows, and above are corn-fields along the fides of the hills ; at each end are high mountains, which feem placed there to guard this charming retreat again!! any invaders. With the woman one loves, with the friend of one’s heart, and a good ftudy of books, one might pafs an age there, and think it a day. If you have a mind to live long, and renew your youth, come with Mrs. Bower, and fettle at Feftiniog. Not long ago there died in that neighbourhood an honeft Wellh farmer, who wTas 105 years of age ; by his firft wife he had 30 children, 10 by his fecond, 4 by his third, and 7 by two concubines; his youngeft fon was 81 years younger than his eldeft, and 8oq perfons, defcended from his body, attended his funeral. When we had Ikirted this happy vale an hour or two, we came to a narrow branch of the fea, which is dry at low water. As we palTed over the fands, we were furprifed to fee that all the cattle preferred that barren place to the meadows. The guide faid, it was to avoid a fly, which, in the heat of the day, came out of the woods, and infefted them in the valleys. The view of the faid fands is terrible, as they are hemmed in on each fide with very high hills, but broken into a thoufand irregular lhapes. At one end is the ocean, at the other the formidable mountains of Snowdon, black and naked rocks, which feem to be piled one above the other. The fummits of fome of them are covered with clouds, and cannot be afcended. They

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A VIEW OF SNOWDON, IN CAERNARVONSHIRE.

do altogether ftrongly excite the idea of Burnet, of their being the fragment of a demo-lifhed world. The rain which was falling when I began to write this letter, did not laft long; it cleared up after dinner, and gave us a fine evening, which employed us in riding along the fea-coaft, which is here very cold. The grandeur of the ocean, correfpond-ing with that of the mountain, formed a majeftic and folemn fcene ; ideas of immenfity fwelled and exalted our minds at the fight; all lefler objects appeared mean and trifling,

' fo that we could hardly do juftice to the ruins of an old caftle, fituated upon the top of a conical hill, the foot of which is wafhed by the fea, and which has every feature that can give a romantic appearance. This morning (July 7,) being fair, we ventured to climb up to the top of a mountain, not indeed fo high as Snowdon, which is here called Moel Guidon, i. e. the neft of the Eagle ; but one degree lower than that called Moel Happock, the nefl of the Hawk ; from whence we faw a phenomenon, new to our eyes, but common in Wales. On the one fide was midnight, on the other bright day; the whole extent of the mountain of Snowdon, on our left hand, was wrapped in clouds, from top to bottom; but, on the right, the fun fhone moft glorioufly over the fea-coaft of Caernarvon. The hill we flood upon was perfectly clear, the way we came up a pretry ealy afcent; but before us was a precipice of many hundred yards; and below, a vale, which, though not cultivated, has much favage beauty; the fides were fteep, and fringed with low wood. There were two little lakes, or rather large pools, that ftood in the bottom, from which iflued a rivulet, that ferpentined in view for two or three miles, and was a pleafing relief to the eyes. But the mountains of Snowdon, covered with darknefs and thick clouds, called to my memory the fall of Mount Sinai, with the laws delivered from it, and filled my mind with religious awe.’?

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Sketched on the Spot by a GENTLEMAN of OXFORD, Painted by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr, CHESHAM.

A RRICK, or, as it is otherwife called, Carrick-ne-Sure, from its fituation on the banks of that river, is a confiderable town in the county of Tipperary ; and is famous for the manufactures of Ratteens, which are carried on here in great abundance, and give a flourifhing air to this part of the country. At the extremity of the town are the ruins of an old cattle, the property of the Butler family. The bridge is another piece of antiquity that deferves notice; as well as the curious remains of an old priory at Carrick-beg, (fee plate 21) on the oppofite fide of the river. This priory belonged to the order of regular Canons of St. Auguftin, and is remarkable for a lofty fquare tower built on the middle of the wall next the river, over which it makes a confiderable projection, gradually Hoping towards a point at its bafe. The banks of the Sure exhibit a variety of plealing fcenes on either fide of the town; and the general face of the country has as comfortable an appearance of culture and population as is to be met with in almoft any place in this kingdom.

*** The Reader is requefted to correct the following errors :

Plate 38, to which this Defcripiion belongs, Jhould have been entitled Carrick-ne-Sure, injlead of Carrick-Beg. Rofs-CaftJe, given in the lajl Number, was drawn by a Gentleman of Oxford, not by Honourable Mr. Dawfon, fee plate 36.

Trim-Caftie is fttuated in the County of Meath, not in the County of Antrim, fee plate 29,

A View of the NEW BRIDGE on the RIVER DEE, near Chirk Castle, in Denbighshire.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. MAXELL.

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HIR K is the name of a trad of land in a mountainous country near Wrexham in Denbighshire, in which are two caftles. One of them has the name of Chirk, but was anciently called Caftall-Crogen. It lies near the borders of Shroplhire, but we do not find when it was firft founded. However, Roger Mortimer, the third fon of Roger, Earl of Wigmore, rebuilt it, and it is now the feat of the Middletons. It is ftill very entire, though it is built after the ancient manner, and feems much more proper for a place of defence, than for a dwelling-houfe. It has three round towers, one at each end, and in the middle; and the ftru&ure between each is much about the fame breadth as the diameter of the towers, though they are all contiguous. John Mortimer, lord of Chirk, and grandfon of the aforefaid Roger, fold the lordlhip of Chirk to Richard Fitz-AIan, Earl of Arundel.

The village of Chirk, which is a little to the eaftward of this caftle, and nine miles fouth of Wrexham, has three fairs, on the fecond Thurfday in February, the feeond Tuefday in June, and on November 12, for Sheep, horned cattle, and horfes.

Dinas Bran Caftle is alfo in the territory of Chirk, feated near the northern bank of the river Dee, over which there is a handfome bridge lately built, confiding of three arches, on the high top of a Sharp hill. Its name Seems borrowed from a brook fo called in its neighbourhood. This was in the reign of King Henry III. the feat of Griffith ap Madoc (a defcendant from the founder, and himSelf a benefa&or to the abbey of Llan Egweft, or Vale Crucis), who was ftiled Lord of Dinas Bran* from his pofleffing and dwelling in this caftle. '    ‘ -......... '

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A View of the COPPER-WORKS of NEATH,

From Mr. Vernon’s Garden at Breton Ferry.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

HESE Copper-Works are fuppofed to be the moft confiderable in Wales, if not in the whole kingdom. The mines from whence the ore is extracted are fituated near the town of Neath, in Glamorganfhire, and brought down the river of the fame name, at a fmall expence, to be manufactured. There is a very ancient caftle here, but we have no account by whom it was founded. It was, however, rebuilt about the year 1090 by Richard de Granville, one of the twelve Norman knights, who aflifted Robert Fitz-Haimon in the conqueft of this country, and it was afterwards burnt in the year 1231 by prince Llewellin. It is fituated near the river, was formerly alordfhip marcher} and was lately in the pofleffion of Herbert Mackworth, Efq; now a Baronet, who has a pleafant feat, beautifully fituated on an eminence near the faid caftle.

Neath was formerly a place of greater extent than it is at prefent, though it is ftill pretty large. It is governed by a portrieve, annually fworn by the deputy conftable of the caftle of Neath. Small veflels bring plenty of coals up to the bridge, to the great advantage of the inhabitants. The market is on Fridays; and there are three fairs, which are held on Trinity-Thurfday, July 13, and September 12, for cattle, fheep, and hogs. Here Richard de Granville, and Conftance his wife, in the reign of Henry the Firft, built a Ciftercian abbey on the river Neath about half a mile from the town, and dedicated it to the Holy Trinity, and afterwards returned to England, where he had a plentiful eftate. At the time of the diflolution, its yearly value, according to Dugdale, was 132I. but according to Speed, 1501. There are only the ruins of fome lofty walls {landing.

DUNBROADY, or DUNBROTHY ABBEY,

in the County of Wexford.

Sketched on the Spot by a GENTLEMANof OXFORD, and Painted by PAUL

SANDBY, Efq; R. A.

Engraved by Mr. ELLIS.

H E curious remains of this Abbey are calculated to infpire a high degree of veneration, both upon account of the grandeur and Angularity of its ftrudure, as well as the extent of ground it occupies. Its fituation is more elevated than generally fell to the lot of thefe monaftic eftablilhments; nor does it want that fhelter and retirement, for which they were more commonly famous. From the fpot on which it hands, there is a beautiful view of the Rofs-river, winding in a pidurefque manner below it. The country around is pleafing, and admits of a high degree of cultivation.

The circumftance which principally deferves attention in this building, is the window at the eaft end of the church, which feems to be in a ftile of Gothic architedure no lefs uncommon than beautiful.

With refped to the inftitution of this Abbey, it is agreed on all hands to have belonged to the order of Ciftercian monks, and to have been a cell depending on Bildewa Abbey, in Shropfhire, to which it was annexed by royal grant in the reign of Henry II. and which was afterwards confirmed by the fucceffors of this monarch.

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PuMtshclaccardinp /vArtofEarUamcrU. Iry </JCearsly.inFlcetStra&i March ijjff.

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TOWN and CASTLE of ASKEYTON, in the County of Limerick, taken from the ABBEY.

Sketched on the Spot by the Honourable Mr. DAWSON, and painted by PAUL

SAND BY, Efq; R. A.

Engraved by Mr. C H E S H A M.

A SKEYTON is a fmall borough l V fituated on a little river (navigable t fhort courfe, into the Shannon.

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The Caflle reprefented in this plate (now in ruins) was formerly a feat and fortrefs of the Earls of Defmond, defcended from Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice, Lord OfFally, whofe eldeft fon, John, was created Earl of Kildare, and fecond fon, Maurice, created Earl of Defmond, in 1329.

James, feventh Earl of Defmond, founded the Abbey of Francifcan Minorites (from whence this view is taken) about the year 1444. He was fo powerful, that he obtained from the King a patent for the government of the counties of Limerick, Waterford, Cork, and Kerry, together with a licence to abfent himfelf, during life, from attending

parliaments,

TOWN AND CASTLE OF ASKEYTON.

parliaments, by fending a proxy, and to purchafe any lands he pleafed, by what fervice however holden of the King.

This family continued in great fplendour till the time of Gerald, fixteenth Earl, who, not contented with his great power, and being one of the mod potent fubje&s in Europe, raifed a rebellion, that brought him and his family to ruin.

This Earl, ftiled in hiftory, Ingens Rebellibus Exemplar, rebelled in 1574, and continued obftinately in arms againft the government till 1582, when he was attainted, and forfeited his prodigious eftate, which commanded almoft four counties, his lands contain-ing 574,628 acres.

The Caftle of Afkeyton fubmitted to the Earl of Ormond and Sir Warham St. Leger in

1580.

This Account may ferve for a View of the Abbey of Afkeyton, fee Plate XXXV. No. 12.—There are large remains of this Caftle ftill fubfifting, and it is held in great veneration by the Roman Catholics of the environs.

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PLATE XLIII.

VIEW of the KING’S ROAD and LOCH-LOMOND,

near Dunbarton in Scotland.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

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EAVING the country about Brechin, and the Lowlands of Strathern, we went

_' away weft; but were prefently interrupted by a vaft inland fea, rather than a

lake, called Loch-lomond. It is indeed a fea, and looked like it from the hills from whence we firft defcried it. It contains 30 iflands, three of which have churches, and feveral of the reft are inhabited. The chief is Inchmurin, about two miles and a half in length, fruitful in corn and grafs, and abounds with deer j which the Scottifh kings were ac-cuftomed to hunt there. The others moft remarkable are, Nachaftel, fo called from the old caftle in it; Inchdavanan, noted for broom, abundance of wild berries, pleafant habitations, gardens and fruit trees; Inchennaugan, noted for birch trees and corn-fields; Inchnolaig, noted for yew trees, which grow nowhere elfe in thefe iflands; and Roug-lafh, where the Laird of Macfarlane has an handfome feat on the eaft fide of tfie lake. Kilmaronoch, a fine feat, once belonging to the earl of Caflils, but now to the earl of Dundonald; Buchan caftle, and feveral others.

“ This lake, or loch, is one of the largeft in Scotland, being more than 20 miles long, and generally eight miles in breadth ; though at the north end of it not near fo broad. It receives many rivers into it, but empties itfelf into the Frith of Clyde, at one mouth.

“ In

u This lake abounds with fifti of feveral forts, particularly a fort called Poans, and by fome Pollocks, peculiar to it; a kind of eel, very delicious to eat. This gave occafion to the miftake of authors, who faid this lake had fifh without fins. So the beams faftened together in fome places of the lake, by the inhabitants, and covered with turf, for them to have recourfe to in time of war, and to move from part to part, gave rife to the fable of floating iflands here.

VIEW of the KING’S ROAD and LOCH-LOMOND.

cc In the beginning of November 1755, Loch- omond, in the .neighbourhood of Dim-barton, rofe on a fudden, in a perfect calm, to a moft unufual height; the waters forcing their way over confiderable tracts of ground, where they had never been feen in the memory of man ; and again, in a moment or two, retiring with as much violence to as unufual an ebb; and thus ebbing and flowing for fome hours together, till at laft they gradually retired to their, ordinary limits, leaving boats forty yards from them on dry ground, and fome on the top of a pier three or four feet perpendicular, above any height to which the waters had ever been known to rife. Nothing uncommon was felt or heard upon land ; but, on the contrary, a very remarkable calm was over all the country round.

“ The famous Crampian mountains begin near this lake, and run northward towards Aberdeen.”

See Tour through Great Britain, Vol. IV.

Plate XLIV.

VIEW of DUNSTAFFAGE CASTLE, in SCOTLAND.

Drawn by PAUL SAND BY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. RIDER.

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“ Ni Yallat fatum Scoti quocunque locatum “ Invenient lapidem, regnare tenantur ibidem.

HIS Caftle is fabled to have been founded by Ewin, a Phftifh Monarch, temporary with Julius Csefar, naming it after himfelf Evonium. In fadf, the founder is unknown; but it is certainly of great antiquity, and the firft feat of the Pi&ifh and Scottish princes. In this place was long preferved the famous flone, the Palladium of North Britain; brought, fays Legend, out of Spain, where it was firft: ufed as a feat ofjuftice by Gethalus, coeval with Mofes. It continued here as the coronation chair till the reign of Kenneth the Second, who removed it to Scone, in order to fecure his reign, for according to the infcription,

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tc Mr. Campbel fhewed to me a very pretty little ivory image, found in a ruinous part of the Caftle, that was certainly cut in memory of this chair, and appears to have been an inauguration fculpture. A crowned monarch is reprefented fitting in it, with a book in one hand, as if going to take the coronation oath.

“ The Caftle is fquare; the inlide only eighty-feven feet; partly ruinous, partly habitable. At three of the corners are round towers ; one of them proje&s very little. The entrance is towards the feaat prefent by a ftaircafe, in old times probably by a draw-bridge, which fell from a little gateway. The mafonry appears very antient. The tops battle-mented. This pile is feated on a rock, whofe lides have been pared to render it precipitous, and to make it conform to the fhape of the Caftle.

“ In 1307 this Caftle was poflefied by Alexander Macdougal, lord of Argyle, a friend to the Englifti; but was that year reduced by Robert Bruce, when Macdougal fued for peace with that prince, and was received into favour.

“ I find, about the year 1455, this to have been a refidence of the Lords of the Ifles; for here James laft earl of Douglas, after his defeat in Annandale, fled to Donald, the Regulus of the time, and prevailed on him to take arms, and carry on a plundering war againft his monarch, James II.”

This account is taken from Mr. Pennant’s Tour to the Hebrides.

Plate XLV.

VIEW of the GATEWAY at the OLD ABBEY, in the Forbury at Reading in Berkshire.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. CHESHAM.

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’I ") EADING became a place of note in the time Henry the Firft, who pulled down a K fmall Nunnery, founded by Elfrida, wife of gar, in the year 980, by way of expiation or atonement (according to the grofs conceptions of thole dark times) for caufing

VIEW of the GATEWAY at the OLD ABBEY at READING.

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her fon-in law, Edward the Martyr, to be murdered by one of her domeftics, and in its head built one of the moft magnificent abbeys in England, bellowing on it many manorsj together with very ample privileges. It was begun in 1121, and finiffied in about four years after, for the refidence of the Benedictine monks; provifion being made for two hundred of that order, befides a proper falary for the Abbot, and all the necefiary officers. Henry I. was fo enamoured with this Abbey, that he continued heaping favours upon it till the time of his death, when he left orders for his body to be interred in the chancel, which was complied with.    *    .    ⁵

The Abbey of Reading continued to flourifii till the reign of Henry VIII. when the Abbot refufing to deliver an account to the Vifitors of the revenues and treafures, was, together with two of his monks, found guilty of high treafon, and received fentence to be hanged and quartered, which'was executed upon them within fight of the place, and immediate pofleffion being taken, great quantities of jewels arid other things of value were found, befides the rents of thehoufe, which amounted to one thoufand nine hundred and thirty-eight pounds, fourteen ffiillings and three-pence.

The greateft part of this ftately edifice remained till the civil wars in the lafi century, when the army of the Parliament pulled down*tue upper part of the walls, confidering it as a relic of Popiffi idolatry.    *

As much of its ruins are Hill remaining as ferve to convey an idea of its ancient grandeur. The walls have been faced with free done, .but the interior part is compofed of Pints cemented with a mortar of a very hard texture.

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On a clofe infpeCtion of thefe ruins, it is probable that a great part of the building w.ere defiroyed by fire, for in many .parts-of the wall, anef the arched vaults, the done and cement appear evidently black and fmoky, and the ruins fo disjointed and fcattered, as to juftify the conjecture of its-having been battered with cannon, or bombarded, perhaps, in the civil wars of Charles I. This Abbey was dedicated, to the honour of the Holy Trinity, the Blefied Virgin, St. James, and St. John the Evahgelid.

Near the Abbey is an artificial mount called rorbury-hill, which is very pleafant; hence you have a delightful profpeft of the Thames, of the hills in Oxfordthire, and the neighbouring villages.

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PART of WENLOCK ABBEY,

SHROPS HIRE.

S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A.

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C AST L E.

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Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; ft. A. and Engraved by Mr. CHESHAM.

^T^HIS Caftle is ftrorig both by fituation and art, but far from being impregnable, as has been experienced more, than once. It was formerly called the Maiden Caftle, becaufe the Pidrifh Kings'kept their daughters in it. Still more anciently it was called Alatum Caftrum, or the Winged Caftle,.perhaps from its form, and handing on fo high an hill, as it were in the ait; Itffs fttuhtecl'at the weft end of the city, where the rock rifes to an high and large fummit. ’Tis inacceflible on the fouth, weft, and north. The entrance is from the town,'where the rock is alio very,high; and is defended by a round battery, and an outwork at the foot of it, with a draw-bridge. In the upper part of the Caftle is a guard-houfe, and the fortrefs is defended, in different places, by feveral batteries of heavy cannon, numbers of which are of brafs. In the Caftle is a royal palace of hewn ftone, where are kept the regalia and chief records of ftate, as alfo the magazine for the arms and ammunition of the Public, which is bomb-proof.

A chapel is alfo in it for the ufe of the garrifon ; and it is furnilhed with water by two wells in the rock. From the Caftle is a delightful profpeft over the city and neighbouring country; and to the river Forth, from whence it is faluted by fuch men of war as come to anchor in Leith road. The Governor is always a perfon of prime quality, and General of the forces.

The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Fort-Major, and fome other Officers, have very good apartments; and there are deep vaults in the rock, which, they fay, are bombproof. -    •

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Edinburgh Castle

Plate XLVIIL

A SOUTH VIEW of WATERFORD in IRELAND,

Drawn on the Spot by the Honourable Mr. DAWSON, Painted by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. DUPONCHEL.

rr^HE firft building of this city is attributed to the Danes or (as they X Oftmen, who were alfo the founders of moft of the fe -port towns

then called) land,where

they fettled themfelves for the convenience of traffic. It was called by the Iriffi, Cuan-na-Grioth, i. e. the harbour of the fun. The Englifh, who made the firft landing in Ireland here with Strongbow, gave it the name of Waterford. It was fortified by Henry the Second, and appears to have been a place of fome ftrength even in later times, as Cromwell was obliged to raife the fiege he firft laid to it. Where the barracks now ftand, on the upper part of the town, was a fort with four baftions, which ferved for a citadel, of which there are few traces now remaining, and the fortifications in general were dif-mantled in 17 j i.

The town is beautifully fttuated on the fouth-fide of the river Sure, and more conveniently placed for inland, as well as external commerce, than any other perhaps in the kingdom. Ships of great burthen unload at the Quay, or lie in fafety at Paffage, a few miles below, where the bay opens, which is defended by Duncannon fort.

The rivers Nore and Barrow, which joined before at Rofs, pour their united ftream into the Sure between Waterford and Paffage, and afford a communication for commerce with the interior parts of the country.

A SOUTH VIEW of WATERFORD in IRELAND.

Spencer, in his Epifode of the Marriage of the Thames with the Medway, introduces thefe rivers in the following ftanza :

The firft, the gentle Shure, that making way By fweet Clonmell, adorns rich Waterford ;

The next, the ftubborn Newre, whole waters gray By fair Kilkenny, and Rofleponte board;

The third, the goodly Barow, which doth hoard Great heaps of falmon in his dreary bof6me :

All which long fundred, do at laft accord To join in one, ere to the fea they come,

So flowing all from one, all one at laft become.

Fairy Queen, b. 4. cant, xi.-v. 43.

N. B. Thefe three rivers have their rife in the fame chain of mountains.

The Quay of this city, which is above half a mile in length, and of a very confider-able breadth, is not inferior to, but rather exceeds the moll celebrated in Europe. To it the largeft trading veflels may conveniently come up both to load and unload, and at a fmall diftance oppofite to it, may lie conftantly afloat.

The late cathedral, a handfome Gothic ftruCture, being in a ruinous condition, was pulled down a few years ago, and a very elegant one of regular architecture is now built in its place, and already opened for divine fervice. The Bifhop’s palace near it, makes a very creditable appearance, and has a handfome back front to a mall of more than 1200 yards long, where the company of the town aflemble on fine evenings.

On the Quay is a round tower, called, by corruption, Ring Tower, formerly Reginald’s Tower, a Danilh King, who built it in the year 1003. This circumflance, among others, contradicts the aflertion of fome writers, who advance that there was no hone building in Ireland before the arrival of Strongbow in the year 1171.

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Plate XLIX.

BUILD WAS, or BILDAS ABBEY,

SHROPSHIRE.

Drawn by PAUL S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A. Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

HIS Abbey is fituated at the foot of the famous hill called Wreken, a little to the eaft of Wrcsxeter, and on the banks of the Severn. Here was formerly a Monaftery, founded by Roger de Clinton, bifhop of Chefter, in the year n 35, for monks of the order of Sevigny, and dedicated to St. Mary and St. Chad. It had afterwards feveral noble and generous benefactors, and was valued at the fuppreflion at nol. 19s. 3d. by Dugdale; but at 129I. by Speed. Some part of the walls, are ftil| ftanding, which fliew that it was a very fpacious, lofty, and handfome ftruCture.

Plate L.

South-Weft View of KILCAIRN CASTLE,

On LOCK, or LOCH-AW, in Scotland.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R.A. Engraved by Mr. ELLIS.

if R. PENNANT gives the following Defcription of this Place in thefirft volume J^VJl of his Tour in Scotland:

“ I purfued my journey, and had a fine view of the meanders of the river before its union with Loch-Aw. In an ifle in the beginning of the lake is the caftle of Kil-churn, orKilcairn, which had been inhabited by the prefentLord Breadalbane’s grandfather. The great tower was repaired by hisLordfhip, and garrifoned by him in 1745, for the fervice of the government, in order to prevent the rebels from making ufe of that great pafs acrofs the kingdom 5 but it is now a ruin, having lately been ftruck by lightning.

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<e At a place called Hamilton’s Pafs, in an inftant, we burft on a view of the lake, which makes a beautiful appearance: it is about a mile broad, and fhews at leaft ten miles of its length. This water is prettily varied with ifles, fome fo fmall as merely to peep above the furface; yet eventhefe are tufted with trees: fome are large enough to afford hay and pafturage : and in one, called Inch-hail, are the remains of a convent ¹. On Fraoch-Elan f, the Hefperides of the Highlands, are the ruins of a caftle. The fair Mego longed for the delicious fruit of the ifle, guarded by a dreadful ferpent: the hero Fraoch goes to gather it, and is deftroyed by the monfter. This tale is fung in the Erfe ballads, and is tranflated and publifhed in the manner of Fingal.”

Plate LI.

Infide View of CHEPSTOW CASTLE,

MONMOUTHSHIRE.

Drawn by PAUL S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A. Engraved by Mr, C H E S H A M.

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BENSON

CASTLE,

OXFORDSHIRE.

Drawn by P A U L S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A.-Engraved by Mr. FITTLER.

ENSON, or BENSINGTON, a village feated on the river Thames, three miles fouth-weft of Watlington, is extremely ancient, and is called a royal vill by an old author, who relates, that it was taken from the Britons by Ceaulin, in the year 572, and was pofleffed by the Weft-Saxons for two hundred years after. But this may be doubted ; for, as it lay on the frontiers of the Weft-Saxon and Mercian kingdoms, it is probable that it frequently changed its mafters. At prefent, it is a fmall village, and at a little diftance from it are the remains of a royal caftle, which was formerly a beautiful ftrudfure, but it is fallen to decay. The Roman road pafles the river at this place, running towards Sylchefter, and may be feen weft of the church.

Plate LIII.

ST. KELLYs CASTLE,

BLACK-WATER, in IRELAND.

Drawn by a Gentleman of Oxford,

Engraved by Mr. RYDER.

HE river called the Black-water, in the county of Waterford, abounds with beautiful pidurefque fpots ; among which the ruins of St. Kelly’s Caftle are not the leaft confpicuous, from their advantageous fituation on a point of land that projeds into the middle of the river. Thefe remains are indeed but inconfiderable in themfelves $ nor do they feem to have ever occupied any great extent of ground; but the accompaniments

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N O R T H-W E

DUNSTAFFNAGE, or DUNSTAFFAGE CASTLE,

SCOTLAND.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A. Engraved by Mr. SCOTT.

N Plate XLIV. we gave a South-Eaft View of this Castle, with a Defcription from Mr. Pennant’s Tour, to which we refer our Readers.

ST. KELLY’s CASTLE.

niments of the landfcape are fine, the banks on either fide of the river being happily-varied ; and both up and down the ftream a fucceffion of pleafing fcenes prefents itfelf to the view.

With refped to the antiquity of this caftle» there is no account at prefent remaining of its founder, or of the period in which it wTas built.

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Plate LV.

VIEW of the Earl of BREADALBANE’s Seat at KILLING, or KILL IN,

The End of LOCH-TAY, in SCOTLAND.

Drawn by PAUL S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

The following Defcription is taken from Mr. Pennant’s Tour.

E eroded a large arch over the Lochy, winding to the north-weft, through a fmall but elegant glen, whole fertile bottom is finely bounded by woods on both fides ; and turning ftiort to the eaft, continued our journey on a fine road, at a confiderable height above Loch Tay. The land (lopes to the water edge, and both above and below the highway, forms a continued trad; of cultivated ground, rich in corn, and varied with groves and plantations. The abundance of inhabitants on this fide furpaftes that of any other place in Scotland of equal extent; for from Finlarig to the forks of the Lion, about fifteen miles, there are not fewer than 1780 fouls, happy under a humane chieftain. Their habitations are prettily grouped along the fides of the hill ; but frnall and mean, often without windows or doors ; and are the only difgrace to the magnificence of the feenery.

“ The oppofite part of the lake is lefs populous, and lefs fertile; yet, from the vaft patches of corn land, and frequent woods, it exhibits a moft beautiful view.

“ The whole road on the fide of the lake is excellent, though often eroded by gullies, the effeds of great rains, or torrents from the melted fnow. The public are indebted to Lord Breadalbane, not only for the goodnefs of the way, but for above 30 bridges, all made at his expence, to facilitate the paftage.

“ We crofted the Tay on a temporary bridge, juft below its difeharge from the lake. A moft elegant bridge is now conftruding in this place, under the diredion of Captain Archibald Campbel, at the expence of Lord Breadalbane, confiding of three large arches, and a fmaller on each fide, in cafe of floods.

“ Taymoutft,

EARL OF BREADALBANE’s SEAT AT KILLING.

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well as the old name. We are

6c Taymouth, his Lordfhip’s principal houfe, originally called Balloch Caftle, or the Caftle at the difcharge of the lake, was built by Sir Colin Campbel, fixth knight of Lochow, who died in the year 1583. The place has been much modernized fince the days of the founder, with the ad ition of two wings, and has loft its caftellated form, as

in “ was ane great jufticiar all “ his tyme throchtht quhille he fuftenit that dadlie feid of the Clangregour ane lang “ fpace. And befydis that he caufed execuft to the death many notable lymmeris. He behaddit the Land M‘Gregr himfelff at Candmoir in prefence of the Erie of Atholl, the juftice clerk, and fundrie other noblemen*.”

“ By a poem I met with in the library at Taymouth, it appears, that this unfortunate chieftain, furnamed Duncan Laider, or The Strong, made a very good end; and delivered, in penitential rhymes, in Spenfer’s manner, an account of his paft life, his forrow for his fins, and his pathetic farewell to the various fcenes of his plundering exploits* Like Spenfer, he perfonifies the vices: the two firft ftanzas will ferve for a fpecimen of his manner:

Quhn paflit wes the tyme of tendir age, And youth with infolence maid acquentance, And wickitnefs enforced evill courage, Quhill might with Crueltie maid alliance; Then Falfhead tuke on him the governance, And me betaucht ane houfhald for to gyde Caliit evill companie, baith to gang and ryde.

MyMaifter-houlhald wes heich Oppreflioun, Reif my fteward that cairit of na wrang ; Murthure, Slauchtir, ay of ane profeflioun, My cubicularis, bene thir yearis lang : Recept, that oft tuik mony ane fang,

Wes porter to the yeltis, to oppin wyde,

And Covatice was chamberlane at all tyde.

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LETTER SHUNA.the Seat of the LAIRD of APPIN ISLAND S

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Plate LVL

LETTERSHUNA.

The Seat of HUGH SETON, Escu of A P PI N.

Drawn by PAUL SAND BY, Efq; R. A. Engraved by Mr. CHESHAM.

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HIS place is fituated in the north-eaft end of Argylefhire, on an arm of the fea, called L’hinne' e Loch ; it is furrounded with woods, except in the fouth-weft front, where a noble view of water prefents itfelf, intermixed with iflands, of which Lif-more and Mull are the moft conliderable. The eftate is inhabited by a clan of the name of Stewart, and comprehends the famous Glen called Glenco, remarkable for the ftupen-dous rocks which overhang each fide of the valley, and rendered more fo by the maflacre of its inhabitants in the year 1691.

The ifland of Lifmore is nine miles long, and one and a half broad ; it is extremely fertile in barley and oats; the parts which are not arable produce the richeft graffes, the whole foil lying on lime ftone. The ifland has been the fite of the Bifliop of the Ifles; a fmali church is built where the cathedral flood, of which fome remains exift. There are alfo fcattered through the ifland the remains of feveral forts, fuppofed to have been built by the inhabitants to protect them againft the incurfions of the Danes.

The ifland of Mull is 24 miles in length, and near as much in breadth ; it lies alfo in Argylefhire. This ifland in general affords good pafture for cattle of all forts. They have a great many deer, and it abounds with wild fowl and very fine hawks. Their horfes are light, but very fprightly; their black cattle very well fhaped; their corn is barley and oats. It formerly abounded with woods, which are now moftly cut. The heaths, befides pafturage for cattle, afford good fuel for the natives. The bay of Duart, on the weft fide, is a good anchoring place. Upon this ftands Duart Caftle, the feat of the head of the ancient family of Maclean, who ftill retain the property of one half of the ifland ; the other moiety is the property of the Duke of Argyle. There are other good anchoring places round this ifland, particularly the bay called Tobermory, which is a noble capacious bafon, fit to contain fleets, and protected from all winds. Here was loft, in the year 1588, the Florida, one of the Spanifh Armada, from the wreck of which valuable articles have at different times been fifhed up by the divers.

Plate LVIL

ABBEY of LLAN EGWERST, in Denbighshire*

Drawn by PAUL S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by J. MORRIS.

MONG the walks on the Banks of the Dee, the venerable remains .of the neighbouring abbey, and the arduous afcent of Caftell Dinas Bran, are fo engaging, that I believe no traveller of tafte will think a repetition of them tedious.

The church of Llangollen, is dedicated to St. Collen ap Gwynnawg, ap Clydawg, ap Cowrda, ap Caradog Freichfras, ap Llyr Merim, ap Einion Yrth, ap Cunedda Wledig, by Ethni Wydelles, daughter of Matholwch lord of Cwl in the kingdom of Ireland; which faint wras buried here; and has left behind him a legend worthy of the Alcoran itfelf.

“ The bridge, which was founded by the firft John Trever, bifhop of St. Afaph, who died in 1357, is one of the Tri Thlws Cymru, or three beauties of Wales 5 but more remarkable for its fituation than ftrudture. It confifts of five arches, whofe wideft does not exceed 28 feet in diameter. The river ufually runs under only one, where it has formed a black chafm of vaft depth, into which the water pours with great fury, from a high broken ledge, formed in the fmooth and folid rock, which compofes the whole bed of the river. The view through the arches, either upwards or downwards, is extremely pi&urefqtie.

“ Near the foot of the bridge, oppofite to the town, begins the afcent to Caftell Dinas Bran, whofe remains nearly cover the fummit of a vaft conoid hill, fteeply Hoped on every fide. The form is oblong; the materials the coarfe ftone of the country, with here and there a few free-ftone moldings. The fide, which is lefs fteep, defended by deep trenches, cut through the folid rock. This was one of our primitive Welch caftles. The founder is Unknown. I dare not attribute its origin and name to Brennus, king of the Gauls, who befieged the capitol; and is fabled to have come into thefe parts to fight with his brother Belinus: nor yet do I derive it from Bryn, a hill, nor Bran, a crow; but from ?he mountain river Bran, that runs down its fide.”

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CARESBROOK CASTLE, in the ISLE of WIGHT. Drawn by PAUL SAND BY, Efq; R. A.

Engraved by Mr. FITTLER.

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ARESBROOK, or Carifbrook caftle, is a little to the Couth of Newport; it ftarids on a beautiful and alted eminence, near the center of the Ifle of Wight, overlooking the village of Carifbrook. It ftrong fortrefs before the ufe of fire-arms ; its antiquity is not known. It was originally built by Whitager, a follower of Cerdic, the firft king of the Weft-Saxons, from whom it then took the name of Whitgaraburgh^ which was afterwards contracted to Carifbrook. Jt was repaired by Richard de Rivers, earl of Devon, in the reign of Henry I. and afterwards by queen Elizabeth. It was magnificently rebuilt in the beginning of thefix-teenth century, by the governor of the ifland, probably at the expence of the crown. King Charles was a pri„ foner in it thirteen months, There is a well belonging to it upwards of 210 feet deepj that is fupplied with ex_ cellent water, drawn up by an afs’s working in a wheel of fifteen feet diameter, in the fame manner as a dog turns a fpit There was likewife another well in the keep or dungeon, near 300 feet deep, which is now almoft filled up with rubbifh. Belonging to it there is a very pretty chapel, in which divine fervice is performed. The caftle falls to ruins very fail. The governor’s noule was converted to an hofpital for the fick of the camp of 17583 the rooms ftili remaining in the fame condition in which they were left.

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"g^EWDLEY, or Beawley, was anciently called Beaulieu, which fignifies a beautiful place, from its plea-.13 fant fituation on the declivity of a hill, by the lide of the Severn, at the diftance of 122 miles north-well

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of London. It fent members to parliament fo early as the reign of Edward the Firft, after which there was a long interruption. This town had great privileges granted it by Edward the Fourth, both by fea and land^ which were enlarged by Henry VII. and confirmed by his fon Henry VIII. Henry the Seventh built a palace at Ficknal, near this place, for his fon prince Arthur, but it was deftroyed in the civil wars. Bewdley was incorporated by James theFirll, and governed by a bailiff and burgeffes ; but the corporation was obliged to fur-render their charter in the reign of king Charles II. and in that of James II. they were forced, by the violence of the times, to accept of another. In 1707, on a trial at law, the furrender in the reign of king Charles II. was judged void, and a new charter was granted by queen Anne, which confirmed the privileges granted by the charter of James I. In confequence of this, two members were returned to parliament, and two returns made to the fheriff, one by the bailiff of the old corporation, and the other by that of the new. This occafioned a great law-fuit, whieh was at length determined in favour of the new charter ; fince which only tive has been ele&ed for this borough.

Bewdley is a populous thriving town, though it is not very large. Its church is only a chapel of eafe to that pf Ribbesford, on the other fide of the Severn, over which it has a bridge, much admired for its antiquity and architedlure. It is governed by a bailiff, tv/elve capital burgeffes, a recorder, afteward, a town-clerk, and two ferjeants at mace. The bailiff is juftice of the peace, and of th* quorum, for the year he officiates, and the fuc-ceeding year; and the recorder is alfo a juftice of the peace. This is a place of confiderable trade by means of the Severn, on which many forts of goods are fent to Worcefter, Tewkefbury, Gloucefter, Briftol, and Bridgwater,

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The country people are dill fond of burying here. Infular interments are faid to owe their origin to the fear people had of having their friends corpfe devoured by wolves on the main land.

f Thisilland was granted by Alexander III. in 1267, to Gilchrift M'Nachdan, and his heirs for ever, on condition they fhould entertain the King whenever he parted that way.

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Plate LX,

The CATARACT of the RANTRY RIVER. Drawn by a Gentleman of Oxford^ and painted by PAUL SANDBY* Efq. R. A*

Engraved by Mr. COOKE.

ANTRY BAY, in the county of Defmond, is among the chief curiofities of the kingdom of ¹ Ireland. It is no lefs commodious, than it is fpacious and beautiful; and has fafe anchorage and depth of water for the larged veffels. Its winding fhores have a very pi&urefque appearance . but what principally attra6ls a traveller’s attention, is a large cataradl of a river, which, after taking itscourfe near the town, difcharges itfelf into this noble bay with great force and impetu-bfity, defcending from a precipice of considerable heighth, in feveral large fheets of water. Thefe different falls, with an adjoining mill, the broken rocks that drive to intercept their paffage, and the hills rifing behind them, form altogether a fcene very ftriking and romantic.

■A future period, by giving it thofe advantages of commerce, for which it is fo well

The town of Bantry has, at prefeht, but little to recommend it; being ill-built^ and poorly inhabited.

calculated, may inereafe its riches, population, and confequence.

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ABBEY,

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PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A. Engraved by Mr. W A L K E R.

EWSTED ABBEY

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formerly a fmall Priory founded by Henry II. and given by Henry VIII. to Sir John Biron, and is now the feat of Lord Biron.

This houfe is fituated in a vale, in the midft of an extenfive park, finely planted. On one fide of the houfe, a very large winding lake has been made by the prefent Lord Biron, and is a noble water. On the other fide is a very fine lake, which flows almoU up to the houfe. The banks on one fide are fine woods, which fpread over the edge of a hill down to the water ; on the other fhore, fcattered groves, and park. On the banks are two caftles wafhed by the water of the lake ; they are uncommon, though pidturefque \ but it feems rather unfortunate, that the cannon fhould be levelled at the parlour windows. A twenty-gun fhip, with feveral yachts anj boats lying at anchor, throw an air of mod pleafing chearfulnefs over the whole fcene. The riding up the hillj leads to a Gothic building, from whence the view of the lakes, the abbey and its fine arch, the plantations and the park, are feen at once, and form a very noble landfcape.

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&.ATE LXII.

VIEW of LOCH-LEVEN,

Near FORT WILLIAM, in SCOTLAND.

Drawn by PAUL SAND BY, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr. ELLIS.

The following Account Is taken from Mr. PENNANT’S Tour.

*W T"E left Fort William, and proceeded along the military road on the fide of a hill, an awful height V V above Loch-Leven, a branch of the fea, fo narrow as to have only the appearance of a river, bounded on both fides with vaft mountains, among whofe winding bottoms the tide foiled in with folemn majefty : the fcenery began to grow very romantic ; on the weft fide were fome woods of birch and pines j the hills were very lofty, many of them taper to a point; and my old friend, the late worthy bifhop Pocock, compared the fhape of one to mount Tabor. Beneath them is Glen-Co, infamous for the maflacre of its inhabitants in 1691, and celebrated for having (as fome aflert) given birth to OJJlan-₃ towards the north is Morven, the country of his hero Flngal.

“ The fcenefy of this valley is by far themoft pidlurefque of any in the highlands, being fo wild and uncommon that it never fails to attract the attention of every ftranger of theleaft degree of tafte or fenfibility : the entrance to it is ftrongly marked by the craggy mountains of Buachal-ety, a little weft of the King's houfe. All the other mountains of Glen-Co refemble it, and are evidently but naked and folid rocks, riling on each fide perpendicularly to a height from a flat narrow bottom, fo that in many places they feem to hang over, and make approaches, as they afpire, towards each other. The tops of the ridge of hills on one fide are irregularly ferrated for three or four miles, andfhotin places into fpires, which form the moft magnificent part of the fcenery above Ken-Loch-Leven. In the middle of the valley is a fmall lake, and from it runs the river Coan, or Cona₃ celebrated in the works of Oflian. Indeed no place could be more happily calculated than this for forming the tafte and infpiring the genius of fuch a poet.”

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CASTLE

In the QUEEN’S COUNTY, Ireland. Drawn by LORD VISCOUNT CARLO W, And painted by PAUL S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A, Engraved by Mr. F I T L E R.

HIS Caftle is fituated on an eminence, commanding an extenfive profpedt over a well-inhabited and cultivated country, to which a chearful range of hills (among which is the rock of Dunamace, defcribed in a former Number) on one fide, and the mountains of Sl ieu-Bloome (celebrated in Spencer’s Fairy Queen) on the other, form a pleafing amphitheatre.

It was formerly called Mount Sion, and belonged to the Prestons, one of the principal families of the Englifh adventurers in Ireland foon after the invafion of Henry II. It is fince become the property of the Earl of Shelburne, and is at prefent the refidence of the Rev. the Dean Coote, who with great tafte and expence, has much improved it, and made it one of the molt agreeable feats in this neighbourhood.

At a fmall didance, on a rifing round to the left, is feen Coolbanagher Castle, belonging to Lord Vifcount Carlow.

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CASTLE,

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Drawn by LORD VISCOUNT CARLOW,

R. A.

And painted by PAUL SANDBY, Efq.

Engraved by Mr. C H E S H A M.

HIS CMle is fituated on the Barrow, and was built, foon after the Invalion of Ireland under Henry the Second, by one of the Englifh Governors, to protect the borders of the Englifh pale. For fome centuries after its erection it underwent feveral revolutions, fometimes belonging to the Englifh, fometimes to the O’Dempjies, Lords of this part of the country; during the courfe of which ftruggles it was burnt down and deftroyed two or three times. It is at prefent the property of Lord Vifcount Carlow.

*#* In this Plate is given a view of the great Aft-Tree, now {landing near the Caflle by the road fide, the trunk of which meafures nine yards in circumference.

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West View of Chepstow bridge .

Plate LXVh

WEST

VIEW

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CHEPSTOW BR D G E.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq, R. A. Engraved by Mr* ROBERTS*

j^HEPSTOW ftands upon the river Wye, in Monmouthshire, and is the fea-port for all the towns feated upon it. Hither fhips of good burden may come up, and the tide runs with the fame impetuous current as at Briftol; the flood rifing ordinarily from fix fathom to fix and an half at Chepftow Bridge, which is a very noble one, though built of timber, and no lefs than feventy feet high from the furface of the water when the tide is out. And that this was not a needlefs height, was evident in January 1738i when the water rofe at the bridge upwards of feventy feet, and very much damaged it: one man lofi above 130 head of cattle, which, with other damages it did there, and in the adjacent places, were computed at 7 or 8000/. Chepftow has a well frequented market, efpecially for corn. The Bridge, as half of it is in Gloucefterfhire, is maintained at the expence of both counties.

The inhabitants of Chepftow, being remarkably adlive and induftrious, draw to themfelves 3 large lhare of trade from the neighbouring counties, which abound in corn and provifions, and have a great intercourfe, by the diftribution and exportation of what they thus receive, with Glou-cefter and Briftol.

Two miles from this town is the famous paflage oyer the Severn, on this fide called Beachlcy, and on the other Auft. Here Offa’s Dyke begins, and, pafling through Radnorlhire, extends itfelf up to Fiintlhire, and fo to the river Dee, which parts Wales from Chefhire.

IVc have given a View and an Account of Cbepfow Cafle in a former Number,

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Plate LXVI,

DUFF

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BAMFFSHIRE.

Drawn by Mr.

C O R D I N E R.

Engraved by Mr, M A Z E L L.

^T^HIS is a vaft pile of building fituated a little way from the town of Bamff, It forms a JL fquare, with a fquare tower at each end, the front richly ornamented with carving.

Vide Pennant’s Tour, Vol. I.

In the apartments, which are numerous, are thefe pictures : 'Frances, dutchefs of Richmond, full length, in black, with a little pidture at her bread:, Mt. 57, 1633, by Vandyck : was grand-daughter by the father to 'Thomas duke of Norfolk; to Edward Stafford duke of Buckingham by the mother. A lady who attempted the very climax of matrimony : firft married the fon of a rich vintner ; gave hopes after his death to a knight, fir G. Rodney, who on being jilted by her for an earl, Edward earl of Hertford, wrote to her in his own blood a well-compofed copy of verfes, and then fell on his fword : having buried the earl, gave her hand to Ludovic duke of Richmond and Lenox, and on his deceafe fpread her nets for the old monarch James I. Her avarice kept pace with her vanity : when vifited by the great, fhehad all the parade of officers, and gentlemen who attended : tables were |pread as if there had been ample provifion ; but the moment her vifitors were gone, the cloths were taken off, and her train fed with a moll fcanty fare. Her pride induced her to draw up an inventory of mofi magnificent prefents, fhe wifhed the world to believe fne had given to the queen of Bohemia-, prefents of mafiy plate that exifted only on papery. Befides this lingular character, are two fine heads of Charles I. and his queen. A head of a Duff of Corfenday, with fhort grey hair, by Co/mo Alexander, defcendant of the famous Jamefon. Near the houfe is a fhrubbery, with a walk two miles long, leading to the river.

f Vide WilforCs Life of James I. 258, 259.

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Plate LXVIh

The ROYAL FOUNDERY at WOOLWICH.

Drawn by

PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A. Engraved by Mr. FITTLER.

rpHE former Foundery, which was fituated near the north end of Moorfields, was deftroved by A an explofion in the year 1716, fuppofed to be occafioned by inattention to the moulds. By

this accident a great number of perfons were wounded, fome of them mortally.

Theprefent Royal Brafs-Foundery at Wodlwich was immediately eredted in confequence of the above accident, by order of the then Board of Ordnance, from a plan of the Mafter Carpenter’s.

Government about this time publickly advertifed for a Mafter Founder, and Mr. Schalch, who then refided at Brujfels, delivered in propofals, which were accepted. Our Minifter, then refident at that Court, alfo recommended him as an able man in that line; the two furnaces were con-ftrudted upon his plan, and under his infpe&ion ; and the whole was completed in the following year.

Mr. Schalch continued in that employment till the year 1770, when being upwards of fourfcore, he was fuperannuated: but his falary was continued, for his long fervices, until his death, which happened on the 5th of February 1776.

Meflrs. Verbruggen and Caltz, the prefect Mafter Founders, who had been greatly perfecuted in their own country, were ftrongly recommended to the Board of Ordnance by Sir Jofeph Torke, his Majefty’s Ambaftador at the Hague, who knew them to be able in then profeffion. After infpecting the Foundery, they renewed the two decayed furnaces, and added a third upon a larger fcale ; they alfo conftrucfted new engines, to bore from the folid. Thefe improvments being compleated, his Majefty honored the Foundery with his royal prefence on the 6th of July 177 3, accompanied by the Mafter General, the Board of Ordnance, and feveral general officers, who fignified their fatisfablion:

This building is fituated in Woolwich Warren, and is deemed by every one, who has been abroad, the moft compleat and regular of the kind in Europe. The three furnaces contain near fifty ton of metal, and with the four horizontal boring and turning engines, as much bufinefs can be done as is amply iufficient to fupply the Train of Artillery in time of war.

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Plate LXVIII,

VIEW OF THE HOT WELLS

BRISTOL,

From a Meadow near ROWNHAM PASSAGE,

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A,

Engraved by Mr. CHESHAM.

BOUT a mile weft of Briftol is St. Vincent’s, or the Hot Well, which is on the north fide of the river Avon, and affords a romantic and beautiful profpedt. This rock is of lime-ftone, as are all thofe called St. Vincent's rocks in general. It is extremely hard, and lapis caliminaris is found in great plenty in its neighbourhood. It is clofe to the north fide of the river Avon, which is carried, as it were, in a deep trough, about two miles from the hot well towards the King’s road. The rocks on the fides of this channel are rough, praggy, and romantic. Many of them are very high, and naturally formed into grotefque figures. In fomc places the cliffs hangover the river in an aftonifhing manner; and as many of them are covered with little flirubs, tall plants, tufts of grafs, apd fhort trees, they appear like little hanging woods, and afford a profpedt fcarce equalled by any in the kingdom. Thcfe rocks are not confined to the fides of the Avon, they being continued, on each fide, a great way up into the country: on the Gloucefterfhire fide of the river is Durdham-downs, and on the Somerfetfhire fide Leigh-downs, which are large, extenfive, and full of the fame rocks, which in fome places lie a little way under the furface, and in others rife above it, and are full of glittering particles that difeover a variety of colours.

Though Briftol water is not termed a bath, yet there are feveral little private baths for one perfon to go in at a time. Thefe are frequented by perfons who are afflicted with various forts of weakneifes ; however, when they firft go in, they generally think themfelves worfc for about a week, but afterwards find their ftrength return. Likewjfc many perfons in health makeufe of thefe baths, on account of their being cleanfing and refrefh-ing, which they are to admiration. When a perfon goes into the little room where the bath is, he takes the key pf the door with him, and holding by the iron rings which are faftened in the walls, he fteps backward dowq two or three fteps, dips his head under water two or three times, and afterwards ftays in, perhaps, fi^e or ten minutes. Every perfon that goes in pays a (hilling a time, apd the bath is filled afrefh for every perfon every time he bathes,    *

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Plate LXIX.

'View of the lower and middle LAKE and "Entrance into the upper LAKE of KILLAR-* NEY, in the County of Kerry, Ireland. From Mr. Hussey’j Mausoleum. Drawn by Lord Vifcount CARLOW, and Painted by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A.

Engraved by Mr. RIDER.

^"\UR limits will not admit of fo ample a defcription as this delightful place defervbs ; the following /ketch is extra&ed from an ingenious performance, publiilied in the year 1776 under the title of “ A Defcription of tbs Lake of KiU larney.

This writer, after giving a Very minute and lively defcription of the numerous iflands upon, and the lofty rocks and mountains that furroiind this lake, fays, “ The prevailing character of Killarney, is Variety; the fecond, Beauty ; Magnificence is fubordinate. Here Beauty, by her magic, and diffufive influence, gives a grace to Variety ; whilft Variety furnifhes her ben'efaftrefs with flattering contrails: united, they prefent the fancy with the moil delightful images, of re~ pofe, tranquility; unlludied order, natural wildnefs, and rural magnificence.

“ Obje&s, defirable in themfelves, derive new beauties from their pofition with refpefl toothers ; and even fuch as excite no pleafing emotions when viewed fingly, have often an agreeable effedl in combination. But thefe relative beauties, as they refult from the harmonious proportion of a number of parts; are entirely loll by an injudicious jumble of them ; fo that to fee a multiplicity of objedts to advantage, it is neceffary to clafs them with talle, and confider them in thofe lights; and points of view', where they neither run iiito a perplexing corifuflon, on the cine hand, nor a tirefome famenefs, on the other.

“ Dunlow caille, the feat of Mr. Crofby, is the Be/lflation for viewing the lake from the Well; It /lands on a perpendicular cliff over the river Lune, about a mile from its fource, arid with the furrounding fcenery, is a very fine objedl. The view is bounded to the right by Tome, and Giena ; and, taking in the /loping bank, and the village of Killarney, to the left, terminates agreeably oil Mucrus, and the high groiinds beyond it: the feveral doublings, and turns of the river; that winds through the rich valley beneath, have a pleafing effedl: arid for a contrail, the bleak fidcs of the Ricks, arid the hollow' Glynn which divides them from Tome; afford one fufficiently glaring.

“ The views from the eaft are very numerous, and beautiful : there is fcarce a break, or height, that dobs not prefent a new face of things, or a different arrangement of them. The eminence near the abbey, the meadows and gardens at Mucrus, and the point of Camillan, where Turk, Giena, and the Eagles Nell, meet the eye at once, mull be noted by the moll carelefs obfervers.

“ To thofe who would have a perfedl knowledge of the lakes, the top of Turk is the beft llation. From thence they appear as di/lindlly, as if delineated on canvafs; but the minuter beauties are loll by the height of the mountain, and at bell, a phofpedl from fuch an overtopping eminence, is better calculated for the Ichriographift, than the man of take and fancy.

“ From the top of this mountain, afcended by a tedious path of three miles, the profpedl is wild, commanding, and almolfc unbounded. On one fide lie the lakes, diminilhed almok in the fcale of Shakefpear’s fancied Ampler : on the other; at fome diilance, the noble river of Kerimare, along which the eye pafling for near thirty miles, repofes at length on the (welling bofom of the Atlantic. On all fides fave one the country is mountainous ; to the eall the mountains trend away in art irregular ridge, till obfcured and loll in the opaque vapours ; to the well, and indeed in every other direction, they are thrown together in as tumultuous, and wild an affemblage, as if Chaos had been here arrelled in his billowy caree"; and chained to liability by the fupreme fiat. The lakes are feen from hence but partially, arid In truth appear orily as a drdp of water, to the vail ocean in view : while the mountains which encompafs them, compared with Mangerton itfelf, hide their dimiiii/hed heads, declining all rivality. Taken together, though far inferior even to the maritime Alps in grandeur, and as much to the mountains in Switzerland, arid the Ellerelles in Provence, in fertility, they exhibit an appearance of nature fo uncommon, as mull furnifli the bed informed fancy with new, and pidlurelque images^

“ And now, traveller, having fatisfied thy curiofity, plod thy way downwards ; for the clouds begin to rilarihi!, the Vapours to accumulate, and foon will the feene thou gazelt at vanilh; and the fpot where thoil flandell become the feat ot darknefs; unlefs thou indeed wouldlt inhabit the clouds, and fofibiy experience that palpable obfeurs, which thou hall only

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INDSOR is feated on the river Thames, on a rifing ground, in the county of Berks; it is large and well built. The objeft of the curiofity of all travellers is the Caftle, which is the moll remarkable and celebrated in the whole kingdom. The town, in the midll of which it raifes its battlements; was granted by Edward the GonfelTor to his abbey of Weftminfter ; but the Conqueror, delighted with the fituation, gave lands in ElTex in exchange, and built there an hunting-feat. Henry I. rebuilt this houfe, fortified it, and in the tenth year of his reign kept his Whitfuntide therein; fummoning all his prelates and nobility to attend him. When Richard I. went upon his romantic expedition to the Holy-land, he put the government of the kingdom into the hands of the bilhops of Durham and Ely, the latter of whom, i-efided in the tower of London, and the former at Windfor, taking it to be the fecond Strongest place in England. Queen Eleanor, eonfort of Edward I. took great pleafure in this palace ; and here Edward IH. furnamed of Windfor, was born, in the next reign. To this prince the callle owes its magnificence ; for he enlarged and beautified it at a vail expence. He erefled the royal palace and chapel, together with St. George’s hall, the lodgings on the eall and fouth fides of the inner court, the tower in the middle, and the houfes For the dean and canons in the outer court. He likewife built the whole circumference of the walls, with the feveral towers and gates, as they Hand at prefent. Edward IV. magnificently finished the fine chapel of St. George, The llately StruftUre adjoining to the king’s lodgings, was eredled by Henry VII. and the great gate opening into the outer court, by Henry VIII. King Edward VI. artd queen Mary perfefted the curious fountain in the middle of the inner court, into which the water was conveyed from Blackmore park, near Wingfield; Queen Elizabeth laid out the teri*as walk, at the extremity of which Charles I. built a gate opening into the park. King Charles II. at a great expence repaired and furnifhed the palace with arms and fine paintings, and made many other improvements. King James II. and William III. added more paintings and ornaments, principally the works of Verrio, a Neapolitan ; fo that, upoil the whole, for magnificence, beauty, and convenience, this caftle may vie with any in Europe.

Plate LXX.

View of St. GEORGE’S CHAPEL, and the Town Gate of WINDSOR CASTLE;

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A. and Engraved by Mr. WALKER.

In this palace was an old free chapel, dedicated to St. Edward the Confefi'or, in which Henry J. placed eight fecular priefts, who; it appears, were maintained out of his exchequer. And when Edward II. came to the throne, there was a royal chape! in the park, for thirteen chaplains and four clerks, who were fupported by falaries out of the manors of Langley and Sippenliam; in Buckinghamfhire. In the 4th year of that prince’s reigq, they were removed to the caftle; and four more chaplains, and two clerks added to them. In the 28th year of his reign he refounded this chapel, and con-fCcrated it as a collegiate church to the honour of the Virgin Mary, St; George, and St. Edward, the king and coufefibr. This eflablifkment confined of acuflos, fince called a dean, twelve great canons or prebendaries, thirteen vicars, or minor canons, four clerks, fix choristers; twenty-four poor knights, and other officers; This chapel was particularly excepted out of the aft for fuppreffing the colleges, and Rill fubfifts in a flourishing State.

The chapel, as it now Stands, was erefted by Edward III. and dedicated to St. George, and finished by Edward IV. and is, perhaps, one of the moll beautiful and magnificent Gothick Slruftures in the world, the iniide being extremely curious, and the work without Striking every beholder with an air of inexpreffible majefty and grandeur. The coats of arms of the firlt fovereign; and Z5 knights companions of the garter, are painted on the roof of the chapel, and the various imagery fcattered every where around, are molt wonderfully finished, nor has length of time taken from them their delicacy and proportion. Their prelent Majelties, during their residence at Windfor in the fummer months; constantly attend early Service in this chapel.

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Warwick castle.

Plate LXXI.

VIEW of WARWICK CASTLE.

Drawn by PAUL S A N D B Y, Efq; R. A. Engraved by Mr. F I T T L E R.

ARWICK is fituated nine miles fouth of Coventry, in the county of Warwick : it is feated on a rocky afcent on the north fide of the river Avon, eighty-four miles from London.

On the arrival of the Norman Conqueror, he found the want of fortified places a great advantage ; and therefore, after his victory at Haftings, he eredted many ftrong caftles for his own fecurity, of which this was none of the meaneft, and when finilhed, he committed it to the cuftody of Henry de Newbery, earl of Warwick. Towards the end of king Stephen’s reign, Henry, duke of Normandy, arriving in England, the countefs Gun-dred expelled the king’s foldiers, and refigned this caftle to the duke, who was foon after made king of England by the name of Henry the fecond. Guy de Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, and governor of this caftle, dying in the ninth year of king Edward the fecond, was fucceeded by his fon Thomas, who, in the reign of Edward the third, rebuilt the outer wall of the caftle, and eredled feveral towers ; but that at the north-eaft, called Guy’s tower, was eredled by Thomas, earl of Warwick, in the feventeenth year of king Richard the fecond’s reign. At length George, duke of Clarence, was made governor of this caftle, at whofe death, it being feized into the king’s hands, it continued in the poffeffion of the crown till the feventeenth year of Henry the feventh, when Edward Belknap, efq. of the body to the king, was made conftable. In the firft year of Edward the fixth, John Dudley was advanced to the earldom of Warwick ; but upon his attainder, in the nrft of queen Mary, this caftle efeheated to the crown. Qwecn Elizabeth gave it to Sir Andrew Dudley, earl of Warwick, but for want of heirs it again reverted to the crown, and was beftowed by king James the firft on Sir Fulke Greville in fee. It was at that time was made ufe of as the county jail, but Sir Fulke, at the expence of 20,oool. rendered it a moft beautiful ftrucfture. The apartments are well contrived, and adorned with many original pictures of Vandyke and other great mafters ; and adjoining to the caftle is a fine terrace, fifty feet above the level of the river, whence there is a beautiful and extenfive profpecL In the caftle are fhewn the fword and other accoutrements of the famous Guy, earl of Warwick, who is thought to have lived in the time of king Athelftan, and whofe exploits are related with fuch romantic circumftances, that the whole is generally deemed fabulous. This edifice ftill belongs to the noble family of Greville, earl of Warwick.

Plate LXXII,

The EAGLE TOWER, Caernarvon Castle.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, E% and Engraved by MeiT. DUPONCHEL and MORRIS.

N the Sixth Number of this Collection (fee Plate XVI) we gave a View and Defcription of Caernarvon CaHle, of which the EagleTower conHitutes apart. To that defcription (which was confined to the above object) we will now add a few lines relative to the environs of Caernarvon.

Whoever travels critically over the mountains of Caernarvonfhire and Merionethfhire, will think Stone Henge in Wiltffiire, and Rollrich. Stones in Oxfordffiire, no more wonders, feeing there are fo many fuch in thefe provinces, that they are not thought ftrange at all; nor is it doubted, but they were generally monuments of the dead; as alfo are the fingle Hones of immenfe bulk. Some meafured from feven, eight, to ten, and one fixteen feet high, being a whole-hone, but fo large,, that themofcofthe wonder is, where they were found, and how dragged to the place ; fmce, be -fides the Heep afcents to fome of the hills on which they Hand, it would be hardly poffible to move fome of them now with fifty yoke of oxen. And yet a great many of thefe Hones are found con-fufedly lying one upon another on the utmoH fummit or top of the Glyder, and other hills in Merioneth or Caernarvonffiire ; to which it is next to impofiible that all the power of art, and Hrength of man and beaH, could carry them ; and the vulgar make no difficulty in faying, The Devil fet them up there.

One of thefe monumental Hones is to be feen a little way from Harjeigh CaHle : it is a large Hone lying fiat, fupported by three other Hones at three of the four angles, though the Hone is rather oval than fquare; it is almofl eleven feet long, the breath unequal; but in fome places it is from feven to eight feet broad, and it may be fuppofedhas been both longer and broader; ’tis in fome places about two feet thick, but in others is worn almoH to an edge by time. The three Hones that fupport it are about 20 inches fquare ; ’tis fuppofed there have been four, two of which, that fupport the thicked end, are near eight feet high, the other not above three feet, being luppoled tq be fettled in the ground, fo that the Hone lies Hoping, like the roof of a barn. There is another of thefe to be feen in the Ifie of Anglefea ; the flat Hone is much larger and thicker than this; there

are alio two circles of Hones in that ifiand, fuch as Scone Henge, but larger.

This is a particular kind of monument; but the others are generally fingle Hones of vaH magni-

likely to remain till the end of

tude, fet up on one end column-wile, which, being lb very large, are time: but are commonly, without any infcription, or regular Ihape, or any mark to intimate for whom, or for what they were placed,

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View up Strathe Tay, the feat of Sir Robert Menzies.

Drawn by

PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr. C h e s h a m.

HE following Defcription of this wild and pleafing fpot is taken from the fecond volume of Mr. Pennant’s Tour in Scotland.

<x We vifited Caftle Menzies, the feat of Sir Robert Menzies, placed rorclanticly at the foot of the northern fide of Strathe-Tay. The woods that rife boldly above, and the grey rocks that peep between, are no fmall embellifhment to the vale. Far up the hill are the remains of a hermitage* formed by two fides of native rock, and two of wall, fome centuries paft the retreat of the chief of the family, who, difgufted with the world, retired here, and refigned his fortune to a younger brother.

<c We crofied Tay-bridge, and vifited, on the oppofite fide, Monefs, a place Mr. Fleming is fo happy as to call himfelf owner of. A neat walk conducted us along the fides of a deep and well-wooded glen, enriched with aprofufion and variety of cafcades, that ftruck us with aftonilhment. The firft, which lies on the left, runs down a rude ftair-cafe, with numbers of landing-places, and patters down the Heps with great beauty. Advancing along the bottom, on the right, we perceived a deep and darkfome chafm, water-worn for ages ; the end filled with a great cataract, confifting of feveral breaks. The rocks more properly arch than impend over it, and trees imbrown and fhade the whole.

tc After afeending a zig-zag walk, we with much labour crofted the firft cafcade. The path continuing among the woods to the top of a hill, we emerged into a corn- field, and upon re-entering the wood, difeovered, from the verge of an immenfe precipice, another cataract, forming one vaft fheet, tumbling into the deep hollow, from whence it gufhes furioufiy, and is inftantly loft in a wood beneath.”

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Plate LXXIV.

MARK LODGE, in Bamffshire, a Hunting-Seat belonging to the

Earl of Fife.

Drawn by Mr. CORDINER, and Engraved by Mr, MAZELL.

/ | SHIS place is well calculated for the purpofe for which it is chofen. The hills, which are co-X vered with wood, afford fhelter to the game, and on an eminence, a ffnall way from the houfe, the chace may be viewed at a confiderable diftance ; notwithftanding the lands are but poorly cultivated, the face of this country is beautiful beyond defcription.

The county of Bamffshire comprehends, according to Campbell, that part of Buchan north of the river Ugie, with the countries of Strathdovern, Boyne, Enzie, Strathavin, and Balvinie ; and on the louth it is feperated from that part of Buchan which belongs to Aberdeenfihire, by the water of Ulgie ; on the eaft it has the waters of Dovern and the German ocean; on the weft the water of the Spey and the country of Murray j on the fouth-weft it has Bradenoch and the Brae of Mar; and on the north Murray-Firth : it is computed by Camden to be thirty-two miles in length, and thirty in breadth, with an area of five hundred and fixty fquare miles.

The climate and foil is much the fame as in Aberdeenfhire.

That part called Buchan, according to the general Atlas, extends north from the river Ugie to the fea, and weft as far as the river Dovern, which is nine miles from north to fouth, and twenty from eaft to weft. Tt is watered by abundance of rivers, and divided into corn fields and fmall hills, but no trad in the kingdom, for its fi?e, is fo free from mountains. The chief places here are, Curren, a market town, and an ancient royal burgh, fituate on the coaft of the Firth of Murray, and the capital of that little diftrid called Boyne, which is fruitful on the coaft, and has great quarries of fpotted marble. Its principal trade is in corn and falmon. At the entrance of this town is a noble feat of the earl of Finlater, which was plundered by the rebels in the year 1745.

Bamffftands on the fame cqaft, at the mouth of the river Dovern. It is a county town and royal burgh ■, but has little trade, except from its corn, and falmon fifhing. Here are the ruins of a caftle, and near it thofe of the abbey of Dur, founded by William Cummin, earl of Buchan, for Monks of the Ciftertian order. Here are likewife fome ftones yet handing of a Druidical circle.

On the banks of the Dovern, which you ford to enter Bamff, is a fine profped of the town, adjoining to which is a grand modern building of the lord Bracco, created earl of Fife, of the kingdom of Ireland. It is a fine piece of architecture; but it is a great misfortune that a law-fuit between the late lord Bracco and his architeft, about a crack in the building, occafioned the infide not to befinifhed, fo that it is uninhabited. The arch it eft having gained the caufe, it fo grieved lord Brac-co, that he abandoned this noble pile, and lived among the mountains near Strath Bogie, quite a

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View of Fort GEORGE, and the Town of INVERNESS/

As it was in 1774.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr. C o o k E;

TNVERNESS is finely feated on a plain between the firth of Murray and the river Nefs : the firfl, from the A narrow flrait of Arderfier, inflantly widens into a fine bay, and again as fuddenly contfadls oppofite Inver-nefs, at the ferry of Keflock, the pafs into Rofsfb ire. The town is large, and well built, very populous, and contains about eleven thoufand inhabitants. This being the lafl of any note in North Britain, is the winter refidence of many of the neighbouring gentry ; and the prefent Emporium, as it was the ancient, of the north of Scotland. Ships of five or fix hundred tons can ride at the loweft ebb within a mile of the town, and at high tides vefTels of two hundred tons can come up to the quay. The prefent imports are chiefly groceries, haber-dafheries, hardware, and other necefiaries, from London : and of late from fix to eight hundred hogfheads of porter are annually brought in. The exports are chiefly falmon, thofe of the Nefs being efleemed of more ex-quifite flavor than any other. Herrings, of an inferior kind, are taken in the Firth from Augufl to March. The manufactured exports are confiderable in cordage and facking. Of late years, the linnen manufacture of the place faves it above three thoufand pounds a year, which ufed to go into Holland for that article. The commerce of this place was at its height / century or two ago, when it engrafted the exports of corn, falmon, and herrings, and had befides a great trade in cured codfifh. now loft; and in thofe times very large fortunes were made here.

The opulence of this town hasofteri made it the objedl of plunder to the Lords of the Ifles and their dependants. It fuffered in particular in 1222, from one Gillifpie ; in 1429, from Alexander* Lord of the Ifles 5 and even folate did the ancient manners prevail, that the head of a weftern clan, in the latter end of the laft century, threatened the place with fire and fwerd, if they did not pay a large contribution, and prefent him with a fcarlet fuit laced ; all which was complied with.

On the north flood Oliver’s fort, a pentagon, whofe form remains to be traced only by the ditches and banks. He formed it with Hones purloined from the neighbouring religious houfes. At prefent there is a very confiderable rope-walk near it.

On an eminence fouth of the town is old Fort St. George, which was taken and blown up by the rebels in 1746. It had been the ancient caflle, converted by General Wade into barracks. According to Boethius, Duncan was murdered here by Macbeth : but according to Fordun, near Elgin. This caflle ufed to be the refidence of the Court, whenever the Scottifh princes were called to quell the infurredlions of the turbulent clans. Old people flill remember magnificent apartments embellifhed with ftucco bulls and paintings. The view from hence is charming, of the Firth, the paflage of KefTock, the river Nofs, the Arrange-fhaped hill of Tomman-heurich, and various groups of diflant mountains.

* Taken from thefrjl volume of Mr. Pennant's Tour in Scotland,

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Plate LXXVI,

View of the NEW CHURCH at NUNEHAM, in Oxfordshire.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A. and Engraved by Mr. James Fittler.

The following Defcription of Lord Harcourt's elegant Seat, the village of Nuneham, and the New Church, are taken from the ‘Twelfth Number of the Copper-Plate Alagazine. nr\:N late Lord Harcourt had the old church at Nuneham taken down, and a new one ere&ed Ji at a little didance from his houfe upon a plan different from any other in the kingdom, after a model of one of the ancient temples of Palmyra. Its workmanfhip and carving are well executed, the building is truly elegant, and covered with a dome.

The feat of the Earl of Harcourt is fituated near Nuneham in Oxfordfhire, fix miles from Oxford, and three miles from Abingdon. It is peculiarly happy in point of fituation, being on a hill which gradually rifes from the river Thames ; the beautiful lawn, fine park, and doping wood, with the pleafant river and verdant meadows, form altogether one of the mod: delightful fcenes that the powers of imagination can form, or fancy paint. And perhaps no feat in England has apro-fpect fupcrior in beauty or elegance. On one fide, the city of Oxford prefents itfelf to the eye j on the other, the town of Abingdon, with the pleafant and beautiful river Thames. The profpedt is unconfined and varied; being very extenfive into Oxfordfiiire, and fully commanding the blue hills of Berkfhire, known by the name of Berk.(hire Downs, the fertile vale of White-horfe, and all that highly cultivated part of Berkfhire as far as Farringdon-hill. The lawn, park, and garden, are laid out and planted in a fine tade. The houfe is not large, but the neatnefs and elegance of the architecture is pleadingly feriking; it was built in 1760, of done, having two wings, which form the offices : every floor is arched, to prevent the dreadful effects of fire. (A young gentleman of this family being burnt feme years ago at Stanton-Harcourt). The rooms are very neat and convenient, and furniihed with elegance and tade, particularly the faloon, being one of the bed rooms we remember to have feen, adorned with magnificent furniture and capital pictures ; tire ceding is furprizingly rich and beautiful, evidently copied by the architect from the ceiling of the Banqueting -houfe at Whitehall, or that of Somerfet-hqufe chapel, the defigns of our Englifh Vitruvius, Inigo Jones. His Lordfhip alfo built two rows ofheufes for the tenants, in the London road, which form-a dreet, and make the village of Newnham. Their former farm-houfes Handing too near his LordTip’s houfe, made it very inconvenient, and would have prevented the defign of laying out the lawn, park, &c. in the prefent very agreeable dile, and pidturefque 'manner.

P. S. This worthy Nobleman lodhis life in 1777, by endeavouring to get his fpaniel out of a

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^ I ’MIIS bridge ftands a few miles from the entrance into Plymouth, upon a fmall defeent, from which, though there are no extenfive profpedts, the whole forms a pleafing aflemblage of neat buildings, and improved grounds. Plymouth is fituated to the fouth of this bridge, at the mouth of a fmall river called Plym, which at a little diftance falls into a bay of the Englilh channel, called Plymouth-Sound, on one fide of the town, as the river Tamar does on the other. It is a large and populous place, containing near as many inhabitants as Exeter. The ftreets are very compaft, and well fupplied with water, though it is brought from a fpring feven miles diitant, which was done at the expence o* that great navigator Sir Francis Drake. Not many ages ago, it was a fmall fifiling-town ; but it has received its increafe from the conveniency of the harbours, which are fit to receive veffels of any burden. It was, however, a well-frequented town in the reign of Edward the Third; but it

vaded thefe parts, and burnt three hundred of the houfes. It is now well known to be a flourilhing place, and to be one of the chief magazines for fea-ftores in the kingdom. The moil remarkable things in it, are its port, cafile and forts, the dock and the churches.

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Its port, confifting of two harbours, capable of containing a thoufand fail, has rendered it one of the chief magazines in his Majefty’s dominions.

The caftle is fuppofed to be built by the Valtorts, who were lords of this part of the town ; or, as fome fay, by Edmund Stafford, biihop of Exeter, and chancellor of England. King Charles II. modernized it, and turned it into a ftrong citadel, in which there is generally agarrifon, confiding of two companies of foldiers, under the command of a governor and lieutenant. Its walls include at leaft two acres of ground. It has five regular baftions, mounted with 165 guns, and contains a large magazine of llores. But the greateft fecurity of the town are the forts about the entrance of the harbours, wherein are about 100 guns, exclufive of thofe jud mentioned. The inlet of the fea, which runs foras miles up the country, at the mouth of the Tamar, is called the Hamouze ; and that which receives the Plym, is called Catwater. About two miles up the Hamouze, are two docks, one dry and the ether wet, with a bafon 220 feet fquare : they are hewn out of a mine of date, and lined with Portland flone. The dry dock is formed after the model of a firft rate man of war, and the wet dock will contain five firft rates. The docks and bafon were chiefly conftrufted in the

reign of king William the Third, and finilhed in that of q equal to any in England. There forms as complete an arfenal as any in the kingdom. There are only two churches, of which St. Andrew’s is a very fpa-cious building, and has a very high, handfome tower, at the weft end, adorned with pinnacles, and containing fix large bells. The body of the church is equally large and beautiful, as are alfo the fide ifles of the chancel. Charles’s church, fo called from its being dedicated to the memory of Charles I. is a good building, with a handfome fpire, covered with lead. Though there are feveral meeting-houfes, each of thefe churches has fo large a cure of fouls, that the parilh clerks, till very lately, took deacons orders, to enable them to perform the facerdotal functions; the profits ot the pews go to the poor.—The fortifications of this town are now augmenting, in confequence of the vifit which the French fleet paid us oft this coaft laft fummer.

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Anne. They havepleafant walks about them, faid to be are here conveniences of all kinds for building and repairing ships; and the whole

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Plate LXXVIII.

RUINS of an ABBEY, near TRIM CASTLE,

in Ireland.

Sketched on the Spot by LORD VISCOUNT CARLOW,

Painted by PAUL SAND BY, E% R. A.

And Engraved by Mr. Roberts.

N the Tenth Number of this Work we gave a View and fhort Account of Trim Castle, (fee Plate XXIX.) to which we refer our readers. The Tour through Ireland, lately published, informs us that the Abbey was founded in 1157 by CiRercian Monks. Some fragments of the chapel were very lately Handing, the Abbot’s houfe yet remains, and is converted into a common dwelling-houfe,

Trim is 23 miles from Dublin.

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View of the Rock-House at Bristol Hot-Wells.

Taken from the Foot of St. Vincent’s Rock.

Drawn by PAUL SANDSY, Efq. R. A. and Engraved by Mr. Walker.

N the Twenty-third Number of this Work (fee Plate 68) we gave a different view of the fame place, to the defcription of which we now make the following additions. The city of Brif-tol in 1692 raifed a wall of done round the well, higher than the tide ever rofe; but the weight of fuch a column of water had well nigh altered the courfe of the fpring. In 1695 the merchants company granted a building leafe to certain proprietors, who recovered the fpring, and made a foundation for pumps, which now raife the water up thirty feet high, in the centre of a houfe called the Pump-room ; whofe thick wall keeps off the tide from the fpring. Yet, in fpite of all the art hitherto contrived, it is found that the high tides, as well as exceffive rains; do mix with the fpring, and foul it, for fome hours after the tide is funk : at which time the water in the well is not fuffi-cient to counterbalance the weight of the external tide ; and this continues till the river water is all pumped out, and the well-water recovers its prifline colour and temperament. How this happens we cannot guefs, unlefs it be that it penetrates, particularly in dry weather, through fome clifts of the rock. The pumpers, however, know when to leave off, and when to begin.

The foil near the well is, for the moft part, fruitful, with a conflant verdure all the year. The tops of the hills, called Downs, are flat, and covered with a thin, dry turf, upon lime-ftone, producing great variety of plants, fuch as heath, eyebright, wild thyme, marjoram, maiden hair, wild fage, geraniums, &c. which breath forth a pleafant odour, and afford pafture for cows, horfes, fheep, &c. On thefe downs the company exercife themfelves daily in riding; from whence they command the beautiful profpedl of the drips lying at anchor in King -road, of the Briftol Channel, and South Wales, enjoying at the fame time the benefit of the fea air, which affords a conflant breeze even in the hottefl weather, and flrengthens and refrefhes the lungs.

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Plate LXXX.

KIRK of LUSS₅ by LOCH-LOMOND.

Drawn by

PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A. Engraved by Mr* CHE SHAM*

N Number IX. (fee Plate XXVI.) we gave a Defcription of this Loch, from Mr. Pennant’s Tour j and in the XVth Number (fee Plate XLIIIJ we inferted fome additions from the Tour

through Great Britain.

The village of Luss is fituated upon the edge of Loch-Lomond. In the year 1769 were living in it the following perfons, moft amazing inftances of cotemporary longevity, and perhaps proofs of the uncommon healthfulnefs of the place. Thefe compofe the venerable lift :

Rev. Mr. James Robertfon, minifter, Mrs. Robertfon, his wife

aged 90.

86.

94.

Ann Sharp, their fervant,

86.

Niel Macnaughton, kirk-officer,

94.

90.

Chriftian Gay, his wife, -Walter Maclellan,

The country from Luss to the fouthern extremity of the lake continually improves ; the mountains fink gradually into fmall hills , the land is highly cultivated, well planted, and well inhabited, I was ftruck with rapture at a fight fo long new to me : it would have been without alloy, had it not been dallied with the uncertainty whether the mountain virtue, hofpitality, would flou-rilh with equal vigor in the fofter fcenes I was on the point of entering on for in the Highlands every houfe gave welcome m the traveller.

On the road fide near Lufs is a quarry of moft excellent Hates j and near the fide of the lake, about a mile or two farther, is a great heap of ftones in memory of St. Mac-Keflfog, bilhop and confefifor, who liiffered martyrdom there A. D. 520, and was buried in Conftraddan church.

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COWES CAST EE IS EE of Afl OHT.

Published as the del directs, by tr.JCearsly. T\l.°4d,Ple-et Street,dpril ipjoo.

Plate LXXXI.

COWES CASTLE, in the ISLE of WIGHT,

Drawn

PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A,

Engraved by Mr. Scot t.

A" J’^HE Lie of Wight lies fouth of Hampfnire, and is only feperated from the other parts of that county by JL pid channel, which is in no part above four or five miles broad, and in the narrowed part, between Hurft caftle,

a narrow ra-

narrow

in circumference. Newport, the capital town, which is feated nearly in the middle of the ifiand, is about eighty miles

and the land near Yarmouth in this ifiand, is only two miles. The Ifle of Wight is ufually confidered as of an elliptical or oval form ; but fuch allufions in the form of ifiands are always to be confidered with great latitude ; the coaft of the Ifie of Wight is far from defcribing a regular oval; however, its greateft extent from eaft to weft is twenty miles ; it grows at the eaftern or weftern extremities; in the centre it is twelve miles over from north to fouth, and is fixty miles

from London.

The only river in the Tfle of Wight, worthy of notice, is termed Cowes river, from two towns near its mouth ; one on the eaft bank called Eaft Cowes, and the other on the weft bank called Weft Cowes ; it is alfo fometimes denominated Newport river, from the town of Newport, which is feated on its weft bank in the heart of the country. This river has its fource near the fouthern extremity of the ifiand, and running north, divides it into two nearly equal parts, and then difcharges itfelf into the feaatthemoft northern point of land, feven miles from Newport.

The air is both pleafant and healthy, whence the inhabitants, being generally ftrong and adlive, live to a great age. The foil is remarkably fruitful, the north part affording excellent pafturage and meadow grounds, while the fouth is a fine corn country. A ridge of mountains runs through the middle of the ifiand fiom eaft to weft, on which are fed a

great quantities are

great number of fheep, remarkable for the fincnefs of their wool, which is as good as any in England, and is of great advantage to die inhabitants. Among the natural produ&ions is hpre found the milk-white tobacco-pipe clay, of which exported ; together with a fine white fund, of which drinking glaffes are made.

mariners, are

the north ; and where thefe natural bulwarks b-'ockhoufes, to defend it foiti any hofcile invafion.

At Weft Cowes there is a caftle built by Henry VIIL for the defence of this part of the ifiand, and for the fafety of Newport: it therefore ftands at the mouth of the river, and though it is but a fmall ftru&ure, it is itrong enough for the purpofe for which it was intended.

Nature has almoft encompaffed this ifiand with a fortification of rocks, the moft dangerous of which, with refpett to the Shingles and Needles, upon the weft fide of it; the Mixon on the eaft, and the Bramble and the Middle

on

are wanting, this deficiency has been fuppiied with caftles, forts, and

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Plate LXXXIL

LONDONDERRY.

D. of D.

Sketched on the fpot by the Rev. DOCTOR B — D,

Painted by PAUL S A N D B Y, Efq. R, A.

Engraved by Mr. Fittler,

IT ONDONDERRY is unexceptionably the cleaned, bed built, and mod beautifully fitu-J_J ated of any town in Ireland, and, excepting Cork, as conveniently as any for commerce,

foreign or domedic; and will, now the trade to Ireland is open, in a few years, become a Hourifhing and wealthy city. It is fituated on a gentle eminence, of an oval form, and almod a peninfula at the bottom, and in a narrow part of Lough or Lake Foyle, which furrounds, for a quarter of a mile broad, two-thirds or more of the eminence, and might eafily be brought entirely round the city. Through this lough, it communicates with the fea, on the very north of Ireland.

The whole ground plot of this city and its liberties belongs to the corporation of London ; from which circumdance it has obtained in our maps the name of Londonderry, but by the natives in and about it, it is commonly called by its original name of Derry,

It is memorable, and for ever memorable it ought to be, for the fevere fiege it nobly fnf-tained for thirteen weeks, in the reign of king William.

It condds chiefly of two dreets, which crofs each other, and an Exchange is built in the centre. It is furrounded by walls.

The cathedral is one of the handfomed in Ireland, and remarkable for the neatnefs of its

fpire.

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View of Carlisle.

Plate LXXXIII.

CARLISLE.

Painted by PAUL

S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr. CHESHAM.

The

ARLISLE is very pleafantly fituated between the Eden, Peterill, and Caude.

Eden, the moft confiderable of thefe rivers, is the Ituna of Ptolemy, and falls, a few miles below .this town., into Solway Firth.

This place, in the time of the Emperor Claudius, was called Lugavallum; and the famous wall, built firft of turf by Adrian, and afterwards of Hone by Severus, acrofs this part of England, to keep out the incurlions of the Pidts, extended from three miles below Newcaftle to about ten miles below this town.

Carlifle being but about fix miles from Scotland, has, as is generally the cafe with frontier towns, frequently buffered in the wars with the Scots, and was almoft deflroyed, when William Rufus repaired and fortified it.

Henry the Firft gave it its epifcopal fee. It has been a borough ever fince the time of Richard I. King Edward I. having triumphed over the Scots, held his laft parliament in this place, where he fpent the winter of 1306. He died not far from hence, while he was preparing to invade Scotland. Richard III, repaired the fortifications of this town, andPIenry VIII. built the citadel, in which they Fill fhew the apartment where Mary queen of Scots was lodged after her landing at Wirkington.    *

From this time it is fcarcely mentioned in hiflory till the year 1745, when being the fir ft place the rebels took in England, they here proclaimed the pretender King, and left a garri-fon of 400 men, which was obliged to furrender about fix weeks afterwards, on the 30th of December, to the Duke of Cumberland.

The town is. but ill built, and has a great appearance of poverty. It is furrounded by a wall with battlements, which ^onnedts it with a caflle, which is a pidturefque object, but confi-dered as a fortification, is a very poor defence.

The cathedral Hands in the upper part of the town; it has been built at different times; the choir part is handfome, and is faid to have been built in the reign of Henry the Eighth.

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Plate LXXX1V.

CALSHOT or COLSHOT CASTLE,

Drawn by PAUL SAND BY, Efq. R. A,

Engraved by Mr, Rider.

HIS Caflle is in the county of Hants, pleafantly fituated on a promontory on the well fide of the mouth of that arm of the fea, called, improperly, Southampton river. It was built by Henry the Eighth, to defend that town. This, though intended chiefly for defence* is a handfome fortrefs, with a moat on the fide next the land, over which is a draw-bridge^ A garrifon is conftantly kept here, commanded by the governor of the caftle.

water.

In the paflage from Southampton to the Ifle of Wight, it appears to be floating in the It has lately received very confiderabie improvements. About a mile behind it, the Hon. Temple Lutterel has eredted a very lofty tower, which commands an extenfive profpedt^ and affords a very fine objedt for the Ifle of Wight,

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CAIVR J CK FEB.R.Y near WEXF OM, IRELAHD ,

Published as the Act direct*, by A.JCcarsly. JYfyd. Fleet Street. June j.sySo.

Plate LXXXV.

FERRY,

Ner WEXFORD, in IRELAND.

Sketched on the Spot by LORD VISCOUNT CARLOW, Painted by PAUL SANDBY, Efq. and Engraved by Mr. CHESHAM.

Exford is the capital of a county of the fame name. It is built near the fea, upon the river Slane, that empties itfelf into the ocean here. It was called by the Danes that built it Wefsford, and was formerly a place of much better trade than at prefent. The firft forces from England that attempted the conqueft of this kingdom landed here, (encouraged by king Dermot) a year before the earl of Pembroke. They were led by Robert Fitz-Stephens and Maurice Fitz-Gerald. The former built a caftle two miles from the town, called Karrick, from which place there is a ferry to the oppofite ftiore. This caftle he fortified with the utmoft art of thofe times; but the people of Wexford, not brooking fuch a neighbour, got him into their power by a ftratagem, then confined him and moft of his followers in prifon, till, on the arrival of king Henry II. the inhabitants brought Fitz -Stephens to Waterford, where they delivered him to that monarch, and at the fame time fubmitted as fubjecls of England. Fitz-Stephens was appointed governor of the town and the diftrict round it, which in a few years encreafed fo much with Englifh inhabitants, daily arriving here, that in fome time they fpread all over the country, where they Hill remain, and are famed for the beft improvements in the kingdom.

From this town king Henry embarked for England, after receiving homage from moft of the kings and princes of the nation. Flere was the ceremony of the firft Englifh marriage performed, between Raymond, (afterwards vice-roy of Ireland) and the lady Bafil, filler to Strongbow, earl of Pembroke ; and it was the fecond town Cromwell befieged, or that had the courage to oppofehim.

It is feated in a bottom; though where the caftle Hands is a rocky high hill, which overlooks the fea, and commands the port and town. There are feveral parts of the walls Handing, which are very thick. The gates yet remain, and it contains fome handfome buildings,

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Plate LXXXVI.

SHANE’s

CASTLE,

In the County of Antrim, Ireland.

Sketched on the Spot by the Mr. NIXON,

Painted by PAUL SANDBY, Efqj R. A,

Engraved by Mr. Scott.

HIS Caftle, which is fifteen miles north of Belfaft, is fituated on the ihore of that great inland of frefh water, called Lough Neagh, The part of the caftle next the water is of fuch antiquity, that even the tradition of the country does not report its origin. The prefent pofleftor, Mr. O’Neill, has added greatly to the building, and made the whole a very fpacious and elegant modern houfe, though ftill preferving the appearance of an old caftle. It ftands at the entrance of his park, which is inclofed by a wall on the north and weft, and by the lake on the fouth and eaft, and contains about a thoufand acres of ground, confifting of extenfive and beautiful lawns, with a great variety of furface, Hoping down to the water, and divided Irregularly’ by full-grown plantations, in the moft pleafing and artlefs difpofitions. A fine river runs through the park, which it almoft equally divides, and is then loft in the lake — The park is well ftocked with deer, hares, rabbets, pheafants, wild turkeys, partridges, &c.

The old name of the place was Edendufficarrick. It has been in the poftefiion of the O’Neills from the earlieft accounts of the kingdom, though the principal refidence of thofe princes was on the oppofite fhore of the lake, in the county of Tyrone, near Dungannon.

of a Herring.

time, becomes as hard as ftone ; of which hones are frequently made. There are fome fpe-r cimens of it in Trinity College, Dublin, the Britifh Mufeum, and many other curious repofi-This Lough is alio efceemed for its medicinal qualities, having cured many of fcor^

Lough Nea£h is fourteen miles in breadth, and twenty-four in length, abounding with falmon and a fifii peculiar to that lake, called Pullen, refembling, both in fhape and fize, that The water is of a petrifying nature, and wood, that has lain in it for iome

tories.

hutic diforders, by bathing therein in the fummer months.

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Plate LXXXVII.

View of the ROYAL PALACE and ABBEY of DUMFERMLINE.

Drawn by

PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A,

And Engraved by T. Woodyer.

The following Account is taken from Mr. Pennant’s Tour in Scotland, part id.

w and well-culti-

are for corn ; the fourth for flax ; the fifth for beating iron. This dell winds about the weflernfide of the town, is cloathed with trees, and in one part contributes a moft pidtarefque feenery to the walks laid out by Mr. Chalmers, whofe feat is on the oppofite banks.

This place is very populous. The number of inhabitants are between fix and feven thoufand : and fuch have been the improvements in manufadlures, as to have encreafed near double its ancient number within the laft twelve years. The manufactures areda-

■T^NUMFERMLINE is prettily fituated on a riling ground, and the country round it is beautifully divided by lo i*—* vated hills; the grounds are inclofed, and planted with hedge-row trees. The town wants the advantage of a river, but has a fmall ftream for ceconomic ufes, which is conducted through the ftreets in a flagged channel. At its difeharge it joins another ri' vulet, then arriving at a fall into a wooded dell of a hundred feet in depth, becomes again ufeful in turning five mills, placed one below the other, with room for as many more. Three of the mills

mafks, diapers, checks and ticking, to the amount of forty thoufand pounds a year.

This place has been at times, from very diflant periods, the refidence of the Scottifh monarchs. Malcolm Canmor lived here, in a caftle on the top of an infulated hill, in the midft of the glen ; but only feme poor fragments remain. A palace was afterwards built on the fide next to the town, which falling to decay, was re-built by Anne of Denmark, as appears by the following infeription :

collapfas dirutaf^iie; a fundamentis in hanc ampliorem forma?n, rejUtuit et

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Propylaum et fuperfruBas cedes njetufiate et injuriis temp lrijlaura<yit Anna Regina Fr.eder.ici Danorum Regis angujlijfmi> Filia: Anno falutis 1600.

The ruins are magnificent, and do credit to the reftorer. In this palace lhe brought forth her unfortunate fon Charles I. A gate-way intervenes between the royal refidence and the magnificent abbey.

The Abbey was begun by Malcolm Canmor, and finifhed by Alexander I. It was probably firft intended for the pious and more ufeful purpofeof a religious infirmary, being ftyled in fome old manuferipts Monajlerium ab monte infrmorum. David I. changed it into an abbey, and brought into it thirteen monks from Canterbury j but, at the diflolution, it fupported twenty-fix. Its endowments were very confiderable. .At the reformation, the revenue, in money alone, was two thoufand five hundred and thirteen pounds Scots. Some of the grants were fingular : that of David I. gives it the tytb of all the gold found in Fife and Fotherif, a proof of that precious metal being then difeovered in flreams flowing from the hills. Another, from the fame monarch, invefts it with part of the feals taken near lyinghorn ; and a third, by Malcolm IV. gives them the heads (except the tongues) of certain fmall whales, called Crefpeis, which might be taken in fuch part of Scotchwatir (the firth of Forth) where the church flood : and the oil extracted from them was to bp applied to its ufe.

The remains of the abbey are confiderable, and evince its former fplendor. The window of the room, near the gateway, called Frater-hall, is very beautiful. The abbot’s houfe is adjacent. In 1303, Edward I. burnt down the whole abbey, excepting th'? church and cells, pleading in excufe of his facrilege, that it gave a retreat to his enemies,

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DAVSOjr Grove , the Seat of the R? Hon¥* Lord DARTRBY; in. tke County- of Monaghan,

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Plate LXXXVIII.

DAWSON GROVE,

The Seat of the Right Hon. LORD DARTRE Y,

In the County of Monaghan, in Ireland.

Sketched by LORD DARTRE Y.

Painted by P A U L S A N D B Y, Efq; R. A.

Engraved by Mr. Walker,

HE houfe of Dawson Grove is a ufeful and elegant building upon the brow of a hill, gently defcending to a large lake, through which a river runs, in extent feveral miles i oppofite to the houfe, is a wooded ifiand, of an hundred acres, confiding of three high hills i on the center one, is a temple eredted by the prefent Lord, (who alfo built the houfe), in which is a fuperb and elegant monument (of three figures executed by Mr. Wilton) to the memory of his late wife, Lady Anne Dawfon, youngefi: fifter of the prefent Earl of Pomfret.

The beauty of this place, which is well furnifhed with trees, is greatly encreafed by the hills, covered with wood, belonging to the Earl of Bellamont; thefe towering over an extent five lake? form one of the moil agreeable fcenes in Ireland.

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Plate LXXXIX,

D, U R H A M.

y P A L S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A. Engraved by Mr. CHESHAM.

URHAM has but

one weekly market on Saturday; neverthelefs, all forts of provifioris, as well as other necefiaries for the conveniencies of life, are very cheap, as well as good. It is governed by a mayor; aldermen, recorder, and IherifFs. It has a confiderable manufacture of Ihalloons, tammies, ftripes, and callimancoes.

The antiquity of Durham is not to be boafted of; fince the building of it was owing to the monks of Lindisfarne being

wars with the Englifh ; and, Wandering up and down with the religious of St. Cuth-

was about the year 995. The cathe-

difquieted by the Danes in their

bert, they were at laft admonifhed by an oracle, as they tell lis, to fettle here; This dral was eredted out of the offerings which were made by the fuperftitious multitude at the flirine of the abovenamed St. Cuthbert. And yet; notwithftanding the refidence of fo many dignified proteftant clergy, it is faid there are ftill great numbers of Roman Catholics in this city.

I need not tell you, that the bifhop of Durham is a temporal prince; that he keeps a court of equity; and alfo courts of juflice in ordinary caufes, within himfelf. He is fliled earl of Sandberg, and takes place as bifhop immediately after the bifhop of London. As the country about Rome is called St. Peter’s patrimony, fo that about Durham is called St. Cuthbert s, to whom the church is dedicated. David king of Scots laying all Wafte with fire and fword, while king Edward III. at Calais, 7>ouch, the valiant archbifhop of York, then governor of thofe northern parts, fought the Scots at Nevil’s cut in pieces, and their king taken prifonep. St. Cuthbert was the fixth bifhop of Lindisfarne, or Holy Ifland, from whence the fee was removed hi then

was

Crofs, where they were

The bifhoprick of Durham isefteemed

one

of the befl in England ; and the prebends, and other church livings in the

gift of the bifhop, are the richeft in the kingd

One of the old bifhops of Durham purchafed, fora round fum of money, all the rights of the palatinate, and other ju-rifdidtion in this county, from Richard I. and, by his laft will, left them to the flicceeding bifhops. But Henry VIII. by acf of parliament, greatly abridged the temporal power and jurifdiction of this bifhoprick; and king Edward VI. (or rather his uncle Somerfet) by act of parliament, diffolved the bifhoprick entirely ; blit it was reflored by queen Mary. Neither city or county ever fent members to the houfe of commons, till the vacancy of the fee by the death of bifhop Cofim, 1672, and fince they return each of them two, which is ail that the county fend.

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SPub/ished according to Act of Tarlia/n^nt by G-e o. Keax figyJSS⁰40 .Fleet Street , July /be -i ijfio.

Plate xc

View of the

OLD CASTLE and JO H M’s BRIDGE

At Limerick, in Ireland

Drawn .by PAUL SAND BY, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr* Cooke.

In our Defcription Of Plate 30, we

have given fame account of the town of Limerick ; to which we make the following additions’*

X IMERICK is a place fortified by nature ; for, without the annoyance of circumjacent hills, it is built upon an illand, encircled ' by a ftrong barrier, the arms of the Shannon. It is now happily difmantled, and fcarce a trace of its old walls and feventeen

gates are to be feen.

There are here three churches. The cathedral is a fubflantial Gothic pile, with a good ring of bells, and fome monumental decorations. It was originally a palace for the kings of Munfler, and built in the 1 ith century. The cufiom-houfe is a very eleganjt modem flrudure ; the pediment is fupported by fluted piiaflers ; the front has but five windows in a row, yet, including the colo-nades, the whole elevation is near two hundred feet.

Here are the remains of a mofi fpacious and magnificent monaftery yet Handing, which juftifies the remark, that Ireland abounded with the greatefl number of monks, and the moll fuperb monafteries in Europe ; as a further proof of this, at Buan-ratha, not far from Limerick, is a princely hall and fpacious chambers, the fine ftucco in many of which is yet vifible, though uninhabited for above a century.

They once had a manufadure of ferges, but that is nearly cxtind. They are, however, famous for making gloves; and fome northern foldiers, who have been diftharged here, are giving birth to the weaving of linen.

A few years ago the town flood on fixty-four acres cf ground, now it covers one hundred, equal to one hundred and fixty of our meafure.

The country north of Limerick is more disfigured with turf begs than on the other fides. But, difagreeable as their appearance is, they are not the leaft profitable grounds ; and, when the canals am finifhed, they will become Hill more beneficial, by lowering the price of fuel. The fpinning of flax, which is a fedentary bufinefs, employing only one hand and one foot, could not be carried on without them in this kingdom, fo deflitute of wood, and fo unable to purchafe coals. Whereas, the fpinning of wool, by giving exercife to the whole body, does not Hand fo much in need of fires ; and therefore feem to be the only manufadure that can fucceed, where fuel is not abundant.

A great fhare of the country we rode through hither was rough, and, in feme places, mountainous, yet it afforded greater pleafurd

than the mofl fertile parts ; for it ihewed incomparably more cultivation, and more figns of population, grew more frequem, and lefs wretched, wherever the grounds were bad. For not being fit for pafturage, they them ; tillage requires human creatures, who mull lhare fome pittance of their own labours.

The houfes, we remarked,' are obliged to tilt

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PLATE XCL

VIEW of BURLEIGH, the Seat of the EARL of EXETER.

Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A. and Engraved by Mr. Chesham.

of the Earl of Exeter, called Burleigh-House, built by William

ace

TkjEAR Stampford, in Lincolnjhire, Hands the noble pal

Cecil, lord Burleigh, lord high treafurer to queen Elizabeth.

This houfe is iituatedin Northamptonlhire ; it is quadrangular, built all of free Hone, and looks more like a town than a houfe, at

which avenue foever you come to it; the towers and pinnacles are fo high, and placed gt fuch a diHance from one another, they look like fo many diHant parifli-churches in a great town; and a large Hone fpire over the clock in the center, looks like the Cathedral/ or chief church of the town.

The houfe Hands on an eminence, which rifes from the north entrance of the park, coming from Stampford: on the other fide, viz. fouth and wefi, the country lies on a level with the houfe, and is a fine plain for horfe-races. As the front looks towards the fiat low-grounds of Lincolnfhire, it gives the houfe a mofi extraordinary profpedt into the Fens, fo that you may fee from thence near thirty miles.

The front is a very grand and beautiful defign, corifidering that the antient architecture was but newly introduced at that time : the projections are well proportioned, and bold. Rifingafew Heps, you enter a mofi noble hall, but made infinitely more noble by the invaluable paintings, with which it is fo filled, that there is not room to place any thing between them. The ground in genera^ and the approach in particular, have been vafily improved by the prefent noble pofielfor, afiified by Mr. Brown.

John the fifth earl of Exeter had a great genius for painting and architecture, and a fuperior judgment in both, as every part of this noble Hrudture will teflify; for he changed the whole face of the building, pulled down great part of the front next the garden, and turned the old Gothic windows into thofe fpacious ladies which are now feen there ; and though the founder, who had alfo an ex-quifite tafie, (as the manner of building then was) had fo well ordered the fituation and avenues of the whole fabric, that nothing was wanting of that kind, and had alfo contrived the heufe icfclf in a mo ft magnificent manner, the rooms fpacious, the cielings lofty, and the decorations juH ; yet the faid earl John found room for alterations, infinitely to the advantage of the whole ; as particularly a noble Hair-cafe, which leads to a range of fpacious rooms of Hate.

As the noble lord above-mentioned loved paintings, fo he had infinite advantage in procuring them ; for he not only travelled three times into Italy, and Haid every time a confiderable while at Florence ; but his princely deportment, and fine accomplifiiments/ procured him the perfonal efieem of the great duke, who afiifled him in the purchafe of many excellent pieces, and likewife prefented him with feveral others of great value.

Among the reft, there is, ill the great hall, his lordfiiip’s pitture on horfeback, done by the great duke’s principal painteg at his highnefs’s charge, and given to his lordfiiip as a mark of fpecial favour : there is alfo a fine piece of Seneca bleeding to death in the warm bath, and dictating his lafl morals to his fcholars, by Luca Jordano : a piece fo excellent, that I have been told the late king of France offered the earl 6000 piftoles for it. Chrift giving his ber.edition to the elements, by Dolci, is defervedly eHeemed one of the fineft paintings in England.

The Hair-cafe, the cielings of all the fine lodgings,- the chapel, the hall, the earl’s clofet, are all finely paintjd by the celebrated Verrio, whom the then earl kept 12 years in his family, wholly employed iri them, and allowed him an equipage, a table, fervants, and a confiderable penfion.

Bv the park wall, or, as fome think, through the park, adjoining to Burleigh-houfe, paffed an old Roman highway, beginning at Cafior, a little village near Peterborough, where the Roman way feems to be continued.

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Plate XCII,

ABBEY,

S U S S E X.

Drawn by

PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr. Rider.

AT TEL is fix mijes north-well: of Hastings, and was anciently called Epiton, but took its prefent name Lom JO¹ the decifive battle fought near the town, in 1066, between William the Firft, and king Harold, in which the former gained a compleat vidtory, and the latter was llain. Hiftorians obferve, that in this engagement no lefs than fixty thou-iand men perifhpd, which, if true, is a proof of the populoufnefs of England at that time. William, in order to make fome atonement for the cfFuflcn of human blood, eredled an Abbey on the fpot where Harold’s body was found, and placed in it idencdicline monks, who were to pray fop the fouls of the llain. King Henry the Firft granted the town a market to be kept on Sundays, which, in the year i6cd, was removed tp Thurfdays; and it has two fares, which are held on Whit-fun Monday, and the 22d of November, for pedlars goods. The Abbey, in its flourifhing condition, was a moft ftately pile of building, and had many valuable privileges, particularly an exemption from epifcopal jurifdidlion. Its Abbot wa^ mitred, and could protect the greateft criminals that fled to it, and even fave the lives of thofe going to execution. The gatehoufe, which is almoft entire, at prefent fcrves for the town-hall, and is a noble ftru&ure ; befldes which, there are Other remains that give fome idea of its ancient fplendor. The revenues of the above abbey were valued at 880I. 14s. yd. a year by Dugdale, but at about 987I- 11s. by Speed. Soon after the difl'olution of the abbies, Sir Anthony Brown, and his fon, eredled a Lately pile on the lbuth fide, which is now likewife become ruinops. The above battle was fought in a neighbouring field called Heathfteld ; and as this held extends towards Haftings, that decifive engagement is generally palled the battle of Haftings.

The town of Battel is reckoned unhealthy, from its low and dirty fttuation. It has a church, the incumbent of which is calied the dean of Battel; and a charity-fchool for forty boys. This town is at prefent remarkable for little elfe but making gun-powder, which is faid to be the beft in Europe. Near this town is a hill with a beacon upon it, now called Beacon-hill, but it was formerly called Standard^hill, from William the Firft fetting up his ftandard upon it, before the

decifive battle with Harold and the English,

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Plate XCJlL

VIEW O E

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Drawn by PAUL S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr. M e d l a n d.

we gave a Defcription of Ben Lomond from Mr.

gave likewife a Defcription of the

N No. IX, of this Collection, Plate 26,

Pennant’s Tour, and in No. XT. Plate 4?, we King’s Road in that neighbourhood, from the fame Author. There is alfo, in No. XXV • J. Plate 80, a Defcription of the Village of Luss, the whole forming an accurate Account or thus famous Lake, and the bordering Country $ to each cf which we refer our Renee: s.

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*

Plate XCV.

VIEW

CASTLE,

MIDDLEH AM

In the North-West Riding of YORKSHIRE.

Drawn

by PAUL SANDBY,

Efq.

R. A.

And Engraved by T. Woodyer.

T& /W"IDDLEHAM is fituated within a mile and a half of Leyburne, a confiderable village, which has four fairs for JLVJL cattle and fheep. The Caftle at Middleham was formerly very ftrong, built by Allen Earl of Britany and Rich

mond, in which Edward Prince of Wales, the only fon of Richard the Third, was born. Within a few miles of this town, the river Ure falls in feveral places over rocks in a very romantic manner. The firft is of feveral flops, near the bridge, and though not very fleep, is beautifully pidlurefque. It is in a fine hollow, inclofed by hills, and fcattered by trees . the bridge is of one arch of great extent, through which the water foams down feveral fleps, into its rocky bed ; and through this arch the view is mod elegantly pleafing. You firft fee fome fhrubby ftraggling underwood, which hangs juft under the brick-work ; then the fheet of water falling fome feet among the rocks, particularly interfered by three large loofe pieces : next is feen another level fheet, nearer to you than the former; and then a fecond torrent, dafhing among ftraggling rocks, and throwing up the foam. The top of the bridge is thick overgrown with ivy, and the whole view bounded by a number of fteep hills, fcattered with trees. Lower down the river, below the bridge, are three falls more, which are rendered not a little ftriking, from the romantic fpot in which they are fituated. The river being walled in with rocks of a confiderable height, with their tops fringed with fhrubby wood. The Ioweft of thefe falls is the principal, for the water rufhing between the vaft rocks, has a double fall of twelve or fifteen feet in the whole, and forms a very noble objedl.    *

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CASTLE,

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NIXON.

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Engraved by Mr. Scott.

UNLUICE CASTLE is fituated on the Northern Coaft of the County of Antrim, in Ireland, about two miles Weft of the Giant’s Caufeway; it is built upon a high rock, encircled by the fea at high water : it occupies a fpace above an hundred yards in diameter, is furrounded by towers and baftions, and only acceffible by walking along the top of a narrow wall, about twenty yards long and two hundred feet high, fupported by a great arch. This Caftle was the ancient retreat of the family of the Mac Donnel’s, now Earls of Antrim. What feems very lingular is, the rock is perforated by an immenfe arch from one fide to the other, through which the fea palfes with an awful appearance. This arch is not regular; its greateft diameter may be an hundred feet, and its height about fifty. The upper one cannot be entered without letting the perfon down from a prodigious height by ropes*

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"'HIS Abbey is fituated two miles S. W. of Tickhitl: it was founded in the year 1147, by 1 Richard de Builly, and Richard Fox Furgis, for monks of the Ciflercian order. The two difcindt parts which yet remain, fliew that it was a very beautiful and lofty Gothic ftruc-ture. Its fituation is remarkably retired and pleafing : towards the fouth it is hid by a fleep woody cliff; towards the north and north-eaft by large rocks, and on the north and fouth-weft by extenfive woods. To the eafl of thefe ruins is a large piece of water, fed by a rivulet that runs from the ruins; the banks of this ffream are fleep, and covered with trees of various forts, interfperfed with rocks and ruins. Under one of the rocks is the mouth of a cavern, laid to have formerly had a communication under ground with a tnonaftery in Fickill Cajile ; but that the pafiage is hopped up by the falling in of the earth. Thefe ruins, among which large trees are now grown up, with the objedls around them, form a picture inexpreffibly charming, efpeciaily when viewed with the lights and fhadows they receive from a weftern fun; and its reclufe fituation, free from every noife, except the finging of the birds and the murmur of the brook, together with the fragments of fepulchral monuments, and the gloomy fhades of ivy and yew, which creep up, and luxurioufly branch out and mix with the beautiful whitenefs of the rocks, give fuch folemnity to the fcene, as fills the mind with a pleafmg melancholy*

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View of ROSS ISLAND, on the Lake of Killarney,

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Painted

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? | ^ HE RE is, perhaps, no fpot in either of the three kingdoms, that is more indebted to _JL Nature, for peculiar beauties, than the Lake of Killarney and its environs ; nor, probably, any other indance of an object’s being more than equal to the warmed expectations of curiofity that can be raifed in its favour: for no traveller was ever known to leave this charming fcene difappointed. And, if one of the fined expanfes of water, diverfified in the mod pidturefque manner, with ifiands, rocks and woods, difperfed about its furface, and fur^ rounded by the highed mountains, that form an awful boundary to the whole, can judify the unbounded admiration which this uncommon fpot meets with from all quarters; it will be found well to deferve it all.

now

delightful profpecds, which this ifland commands on every fide, didinguilhable on the fide from whence this view is taken, are, O’Donaghoe’s Prifon, an infu-lated rock of a lingular appearancethe romantic towers of Rofs Caftle and Manger ion Htlf the loftied of the Iridi Alps, riling proudly behind them.

The view, that is here reprefented, is taken from hmisfalien, the larged ifiand on this water, except that on which Rojs Caftle is fituated. It confids of 28 acres of wood and paf-turage, beautifully intermixed. At one end are the venerable remains of an old Abbey, which ferve as a place of refrelhment for thofe whom curiofity brings here to enjoy the

The objeds which are mod

For two other Views upon the hake of Killarney, fee Plates 36 and 69,

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Northumberland.

A View of ALNWICK CASTLE, in

Sketched by a Gentleman, and Painted by PAUL SAND BY, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr. F. CMesham.

A LNW ICK is the county town of Northumberland. It is fituatecl on the north tide of a hill, near the river Ain, over which is a ftone bridge} at the diftance Of Ti. about 34 miles north from Newcaftle. The bridge, tho’ belonging to the public, has been rebuilt by the duke of Northumberland, with a generality peculiar to his grace, at the expence of near 2000I. and in a very haudfome Gothic flile. He has alfo built another very beautiful bridge, of one arch; a little lower down. Thefe two bridges ferve as boundaries to the fine lawns that furround the caftle.—This caftle is one of the principal feats of the great lamiiy of Percy, earls of Northumberland, is fituated on the fouth fide of the river Ain, on an elevation that gives great dignity to its appearance, and in aricietlt times rendered it a moll impregnable fortrefs. From, -ome Roman mouldings found under the prefent walks, it is believed to have been founded in the time of the Romans; although no part of the original ftrufture

is now remaining.-1 he dungeon or keep of the prefent caftle, was evidently founded in the Saxon times, as it appears to have been a very ftrong fortrefs, immediately

after the Norman conqueft: for in the reign of Vv illiam Rufus, it underwent a remarkable liege from Malcolm III. king of Scotland, who loft his life before it, as did alfo prince Edward, bis eldeft fon. The moll authentic account of this event, feems to be that given in the ancient chronicle of Alnwick Abbey ; of which a copy is preferved in the Britilh Mufeum. This informs us that the caftle, although too ftrong to be taken by aflault, being cut off from all hopes of fuccour, was on the point of furrendering, when oneofthegavrifon undertook its refeue bv the following ftratagem. He rode forth completely armed, with the keys of the caftle tied to the end of his fpear, and prefented himfelf in a fuppliant manner before the king’s pavilion, as being come to furrender up the poffeffion : Malcolm too haftily cam? forth to receive him, and fuddenly received a mortal wound. The alfailant efcaped by the fleetnefs of his horfe through the river, which was then fwoln with rains. The chronicle adds that his name was Hammond, and that the place of hispaflage was long after him named Harrlmond’s Ford, probably where the bridge was afterwards built. Prince Edward, Malcolm’s eldeft fon, too incautioufiy advancing to revenge his father, received a mortal wound, of which he died in three days. The fpot where Malcolm was flain, was diftinguifhed by a crofs, which has been reftored by the late moft illuftrious duchefs, who was lineally defeended from this unfortunate king, by his

daughter queen Maud, wife of Henry I. of England.-Alnwick caflle contains about five acres of ground within its outer walls, which are flanked with fixteen

towers and turrets, that now afford a complete fet of offices to the caftle, and retain many of them their original names, as well as their ancient ufe and deflination. The cable properly coniilts of three courts or divifions, the entrance into which was defended by three ftrong mafly gates ; called the Utter Ward, the Midd’s Ward,’ and the Inner .Ward. Each of thefe gates was in a high embattled tower, furnifhed with a portcullis, and the outer gate with a diaw-bridge alfo ; they had each of them a porter’s lodge, and a ftrong prilon, hefides other neceflary apartments for the conftable, bailiff, and fubordinate officers. Under each of the prilbns was a deep find dark dungeon, into which the more refraCfory prifoners Were let down with cords, and from which there Was no exit but through the trap door in the floor above.

That of the inner ward is ftill remaining in all its Original horror.-From length of time, and the fhocks it had fuffered in ancient wars, this caftle was become quite

a ruin, when by the death of Algernon duke of Somerfet, in 1750, it devolved, together with all the eftates of this great barony; 8tc. to the prefent duke and late duchefs of Northumberland ; who immediately fetto repair the fame, and with the moft confummate talfe and judgment reftored it, as much as poflible,in the true Gothic ftyle ; fin that it may be confidered as one of the nobleft models of a great baronial caftle.—-Nothing can be more ftriking than the firft entrance Within the walls from the towrf; when through a gloomy gateway of confiderable length and depth, the eye emerges into one of the moft fplendid feenes that can be imagined, and is pre-i'ented at once with the great body of the inner caftle, furroutided with fair femi-circular towers, fwelling to the eye, and adorned with pinnacles, figures, battlements, See.

--The impreffion is farther heightened bv the entrance into the fecond and third courts, through mafly towers, till the ftranger is landed irt the inner court, in the

center of this great,citadel.-Here he enters to a moft beautiful ftair-cafe, of a lingular yet pleafing form, fpreading like a fan : the cornice of the ceilmg is enriched

with 320 efeutcheons, difplaying the quarterings and intermarriages of the Percy family__-The firft room that prefents to the left is the faloon, which is a beautiful

apartment, defigned in the moft elegant ftyle of Gothic architecture.-To this fucceeds the drawing-room, conlifting of one large oval, with a femicircular projection,

or bow-window—-Hence the transition is very properly to the great dining-room, which was one of the firft executed, and is of the purelt Gothic, with niches, and other ornaments, that render it a very noble model of Great-Baron’s-Hall. In the form of this room was an irregularity, which has been managed with great Ikill, and made productive of beauty and convenience. This was a large bow-window, not in the center, but towards the upper end, which now affords a very agreeable recefs

when the family din? alone, or for a fecond table at the great public dinners.-From the dining-room, the ftranger may either defeend into the court, by a circular

ftair-cafe, or he is uihefed into a beautiful Gothic apartment over the gateway, commonly ufed for a breakfaft or fupper-room : this is furnifhed with clofets in the octagon towers, and is connected with other private apartments._Hence the ftranger is conducted into the library, which is a very fine room, in the form of a parallelo

gram, properly fitted up for books, and ornamented with ftucco-work in a rich Gothic ftyle.—This apartment leads to the chapel, which fills all the upper fpaceor the middleware!. Here the higheft difplay of Gothic ornaments, in the greateft beauty, has been exhibited ; and the feveral parts of the chapel defigned after the moft perfeCt Gothic models. The great eaft window is taken from one of the fineft in Tork-minfter. The ceiling is borrowed from one of King’s college in Cambridge ; and the walls are painted after the great church in Milan ; but the windows of painted glafs will be in a ftyle fuperior to any thing that has yet been attempted--Re

turning from the chapel through the library, and paffing another great ftair-cafe, in an oval form, you enter a paffage or gallery, which leads to two ftate-bedchambcrs. each 30 feet long, nobly furnifhed, with double drefling-rctoms, clofets and other convcniencies, all in the higheft magnificence, and conformable to the general ftyle of the caftls. From thefe bed-chambers,- thepaffage opens to the grand ftair-cafe, &y which you tirft enter, and which completes a tour not eafily paralleled.

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The Seat of Lord Byron.

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Engraved by Mr. Walker.

N the Twenty-firft Number of the work, (fee Plate 6t) we gave a different view of this feat. To the defcription which accompanied it, we take this opportunity of adding, that this building was by the founder, Henry II. dedicated to the Virgin Mary. He endowed it with the feveral poffeffions of the church of Paplewick, the wafhes of Kigel, Bavenjhead, &c. which was confirmed in the fixth year of the reign of king John, and conveyed in the reign of Henry the Eighth to Sir John Byron, who was ffeward of Mancheffer and Fvochdale, conffable of the caffle of Nottingham, and lieutenant of the foreff of Shirwood. Its revenue was then valued at 219I. a year. This priory has belonged to that gentleman’s pofferity ever fince, and is the feat of the prefent Lord Byron. The greateft part of the priory is converted into a dwelling houfe, which is very large and convenient, though not regular. At the end is the beautiful frontifpiece of the old priory, in the Gothic taffe, and of very curious architecture, Large plantations and a park have been taken out of the foreff# and inclofed with pales*-

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J. NIXON, Esq,

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f | "^HESE Hills are on the Lough of Belfaji, and 4 miles from that town. They derive their

A name of the Cave Hills from three remarkable caves that are made one above another, and hewn cut of the folid rock. The two firft may be climbed up ; but the laft is of fuch a height, and fo perpendicular, that there is no accefs to it but by ropes, and that from the top of the mountain.

The firfl and fecond caves are about fix feet high, and ten in depth ; the third in height is about the fame as the other two, and goes fo far under ground, that few would venture to reach its extremity. Their ufe is fuppofed to have been places of refuge, when the Danes firffc invaded Ireland: yet this feems only an imaginary account, as they appear of lo great an age, as to have worn out all tradition concerning them.

There is a moft extenfive profpect from this place, commanding a view of the coafl of Scotland, Ifie of Man, Belfaft, Liiburn, Lough Neagh, and all the rivers and towns for thirty miles round.

Lord Donegall has a final! deer-park upon the mountain, walled in and covered with lofty trees, which adds greatly to its romantic appearance. The White Houfe, from its antient walls, appears to have been formerly a monafiery, and fome few years ago converted to a manufactory for fait; but not anfwering the purpofe, was difufed, and a neat houfe built on the fpot, which, from its pleafing fituation, cannot fail attracting the eye of a traveller, and at prefent is the fea^ of Thomas Stewart, Efq.

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Plate CIIL

Views oj the three Camps formed in Hyde Park, St. James’s Park, and in the Gardens of the British Museum, July, 1780.

All Drawn by PAUL SANDBY, Esq^ R, A.

And Engraved by Mr. Fittler and Mr. Che sham.

Vide Plates 94, 99, and 103.

HE dreadful riots in the cities of London and Westminster, in June 1780, with the particulars of which we are all but too well acquainted, made it neceffary, for the prevention of further mifchief, to apply to the military, as the civil power feemed infufficient to ftop the dreadful depredations of the infatuated wretches who had taken it into their heads to commit every act of violence, burning the public prifons, giving liberty not only to debtors but felons, and feizing or deftroying both public and private property.

The number of regulars and militia, which were ordered to town upon this occafion, made it neceffary to form encampments ; and the three places already mentioned were occupied by thefe fons of Mars for fome months : during which time all other places of amufement were almolh forfiken. The novelty of fuch fpedtacles in London, together with their excellent bands of mufic, who performed fome of o.ur beft compolitions morning and evening, naturally captivated the multitude. His Majeffy, accompanied by the Queen, and feveral of the Princes and Princeffes, often amufed themlelves in reviewing thefe camps, and, of courfe, added confider-ably to the brilliancy of their appearance.

The officers of every rank feemed to view with each other in attention to their numerous victors ; not only inviting them, though Grangers, into their markee’s, but entertaining them alfo (the ladies particularly) with variety of refrefhmcnts.

Indeed it is universally acknowledged that the gentlemen of the army take the lead of all others in adts of politenefs, not only in Great Britain, but every part of Europe,

coun^.

Thefe camps had the defred effedt upon the mifguided wretches which gave occafion to. them. Alarmed at the appearance of fuch a force, they were happy in returning to their humble habitations, particularly thofe who had, by their depredations, forfeited their lives to their try. The few examples that were made, confidering the number who. were capitally con-? yicled, docs honor to the feelings of his Majefly and the Privy Council*

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VIEW of the CATHEDRAL of GLASGOW,

With Part of the Ruins of the CASTLE, or BISHOP’s PALACE.

and Engraved by Mr. Angus.

Drawn by PAUL S A N D B Y, Efq. R. A.

The following Defcription is taken from Mr. Pennant’/ Tour, <vol. 2.

LASGOW Is the heft built of any modern fecond rate city in Europe : the houfes are of ftone, and in a good tafte. The principal ftreet runs eaft and weft; and is near a mile and a half long ; but unfortunately, is not ftrait. The Tolbooth is large and handfome. Next to that is the Exchange : within which is a fpacious room with full-length portraits of all our monarchs fince James I. and an excellent one; by Ramfay, of Archibald duke of Argyle, in a Judge’s robe. Before the Exchange is a large equeftrian llatue of king William. This is the broadefl and finefh part of the ftreet: many of the houfes are built over piazzas, but too narrow to be of much fervice to walkers. Numbers of other ftreets crofs this at right angles, and are in general well built.——The market-places are great ornaments to this city, the fronts being done in a very fine tafte, and the gates adorned with columns of one or other of the orders. Some of thefe markets are for meal,

greens, fifh, or flelh. There are two for the laft which have conduits out of feveral of the pillars 5 fd that they are conftantly kept fweet and clean.-Near the

The guard-houfe is in the great ftreet, which is kept by the inhabitants, who re-

meal-market is a public granary, to be filled on any apprehenfion of fcarcity.

-The old bridge over the Clyde confifts of now built. The tide flows three miles higher upthe country } but at low water it is ford-

•Near the bridge is a large alms-houfe, a vaft: nailefy, a ftorie-ware manufadlory, and a great porter brew-

gularly do duty. An excellent police is oblerved here, and proper officers attend the markets to prevent any abufes. eight arches, and was built four hundred years ago by biftlop Rea : another is able. There is a plan for deepening the channel; for at prefent the tide brings up very fmall veflels ; and the ports belonging to this city lie feveral miles lower, at Port-Glafgow and Greenock,*on the fide of the Firth, ery, which fupplies fome parts of Ireland. Within fight, on the fouth fide, are collieries 3 and much coal is exported into the laft-mentioned iiland, and into America.

The great imports of this city are tobacco and fugar : of the former, above forty thoufand hogffieads have been annually imported, and mod part of it again exported into France and other countries. The manufactures here are lihnens, cambrics, lawns, tapes, fuftians, and ftriped linnens ; fo that it already begins to rival Manchefter, and has, in point of the convehiency of its ports; in refpedt to America, a great advantage over it.

Tbe College is a large building, with a handfome front to the ftreet; refembling fome of the old colleges in Oxford.

Charles I. fubferibed two hundred pounds It was founded in

towards this work, but was prevented by the troubles from paying it. Cromwell, however, afterwards fulfilled the defign of the royal donor.

1450, by James II. _ Pope Nicholas V. give the bull, but bilhop Turnbull fuppiied the money. There who lodge ih the town : but the profeftors have good houfes in the college. Young gentlemen of fortune have private tutors, who have an eye to their condudl; the

reft live entirely at their own diferetion.-The library is a very handfome room, with a gallery round it, fupported by pillars. That beneficent nobleman, the

•Mefirs. Robert and Andrew Foulis, printers and

are about four hundred ftudents belonging to the college,

firft duke of Chandos, when he vifited the college, gave five hundred pounds towards buiiding this apartment.' fcookfellers to the univerfity, have inftituted an academy for painting and engraving ; and, like good citizens, zealous to promote the welfare and honor of their native

place, have, at a vaft expence, procured a moft numerous colledlion of paintings from abroad, in order to form the tafte of their ele-ves.-The printing is a very

confiderable branch ofbufinefs; and has long been celebrated for the beauty of the types and the corredlnefs of the editions. Here are preferved in cafes monumental and other ftones, taken out of the walls on the Roman ftations in this part of the kingdom ; fome are well cut and ornamented : moft of them were done to perpe

tuate the memory of the -vexatUlio, or party, who performed fuch or fuch works ; others in memory of officers who died in the country.-The cathedral is a large

pile, now divided into two churches. Beneath, and deep underground, is another, in which is alfo divine fervice, where the congregation may truly fay, clamavi i profundh : the roof is fine, made of ftone and fupported by pillars j but the beauty much hurt by the crowding of the pews. Near this is the ruin of the caftle, o*

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Plate. CV.

View of

STERLING

CASTLE.

Drawn by

PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R. A,

Engraved by Mr. Morris.

The following Account is taken from Mr. Pennant’s Tour in Scotland

TERLiNG and its caftle, inrefpect of fituation, is a miniature of Edinburgh, and is placed on a ridged hill, or rock, riling out of a plain, having the caftle at the upper end on a high precipitous rock. Within its walls was the palace of feveral of the Scotch kings, a fquare building ornamented on three lides wi th pillars refcing on grotefque figures projecting from the wall, and on the top of each pillar is a ftatue, feemingly the work of fancy. Near it is the old parlement-houfe, a vaft room 120 feet long, very high, with a timbered roof, and formerly had a gallery running round the infide. Below the caftle are the ruins of the palace belonging to the earls of Mar, whofe family had once the keeping of this fortrefs. There are ftill the Erfkine arms and much ornamental carving on parts of it. The town of Sterling is inclofed with a wall; the ftreets are irregular and narrow, except that which leads to the caftle. Here, and at the village of Ban-nocbourne, is a confiderable manufacture of coarfe carpets.

From the top of the caftle is by far the fineft view in Scotland. To the eaft is a vaft plain rich in corn, adorned with woods, and watered by the river Forth, whofe meanders are, before it reaches the fea, fo frequent and fo large, as to form a multitude of moft beautiful peninfulas; for in many parts the windings approximate fo clofe, as to leave only a little ifthmus of a few yards. In this plain is an old abbey, a view of Ahfoa, Clackmannan, Falkirk, the Firth of Forth, and the country as far as Edinburgh. On the north, the Ochil hills, and the moor where the battle cf Dumblain -was fought. To the weft, the ftrath of Menteith, as fertile as the eaftern plain, and terminated by the Highland mountains, among which the fummit of Bert-Lomond is very confpicuous*

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ABBEY,

M A YFIELD

SUSSEX.

Sketched by Mr. WYNDHAM, and Painted by PAUL SANDS Y, Efq. R. A.

Engraved by Mr. FITTLER.

building of the palace of Mayfeld is attributed to Dundan, archbifliop of Canterbury, by Eadmerus, a monk, (of Can--&■ terbury) who, in his Life of that Prelate, informs us, that “ Idem Pater a Cantuaria in remotiores villas opportunis fpatus

hofpitia fua.difponens, apud MagaveUa.m, funt et in aliis hofpitiorum fuorum locis, Iigneam ecclefiam fabricavit, quod ipfe dedi-“ cavit”. From the sera of St. Dundan, to the time of the Reformation, the manor and palace of Mayfeld was uniformly in the pof-feilion of his fucceffors in the fee of Canterbury, though the church experienced occafional feparations; for archbifhop Langton made a fettlement of the church of St. D unitan’s of Maghfeld for a fifth Prebend in the church of South Mailing. It continued only a fliort time in this date, archbifhop Iflip appropriating this redtory to Canterbury college in Oxford, which he had built; and his bene, faction was annulled by his fucceffor, Simon Langham.

37    Hen. 8, the archbifhop of Canterbury granted the manor of Mayfield, in the bailywick and bedelry of South Mailing, in the .county of SufTex, with the rights, members and appurtenances thereunto belonging, and all that his park of Mayfield, and the rectory, with the advovvfon, donation, and right of prefentation to the vicarage church, together with all meduages, See. to the King.

5 th Jan. the fame year King Henry the 8th, by letters patent, grants the houfe and manor and park of Mayfield, alias Maughfield, with the rights, members and appurtenances thereunto belonging, late parcel of the poffedions of the archbiihop of Canterbury, and alfo the redtory, a'dvowfon, and right of prefentation to the vicarage, to Sir Edward North (chancellor of the court of Augmentations of the Crown) and Dame Alice, to hold to them and the heirs and affigns of the faid Edward for ever.

38    Hen. 8. E. T. a fine paffed between Sir John Grefham, knt. and William Harding, plaintiffs, Sir Edward North and Dame Alice, his wife, deforciants, of this manor, Sec.

21 Eiiz. Sir Thomas Grefham died feifed of this manor, which paffed by his will, dated 5 July 1575, to Sir Henry NeviJ, and the heirs male of Eliz. his wife, daughter of Sir John Grefham, brother of Did Sir Thomas.

40 Eliz. Henry Nevil, efq. of Billingbear in Berks, by indenture, dated 6 May, 1597, granted this manor, houfe, and park, &c. (interalia) to Thomas May, of Burwafh, efq. to hold to him, his heirs and affigns for ever.

16 fac. by indenture dated 17 Nov. 1617, Dame Jane May, widow of faid Sir Thomas May, and Thomas May of Mayfield, his fon and heir, grant all that manor, capital mefluage, and difparked park of Mayfield, to John Baker, gent, to hold to him, his heirs, and afligns for ever; on whofe death it paffed to his elded fon John Baker.

Geo. I. John Baker, by his will, dated 5 Dec. 1716, gives and devifes all his manor houfe called Mayfield Place, together with all houfes, lands, See. thereunto belonging, and alfo his manor of Mayfield, andhalf hundred of Loxfield Baker, with their appurtenances, to Peter Baker, his elded furviving fon and heir, and George Baker, his other fon, to be fold.

Geo. 13 Sc 14, Jan. 1724, Peter and George Baker, by indenture of leafe and releafe, convey to Henry Pelham, efq. all the manor of Mayfield and half hundred of Loxfield Dorfet, to hold to him, his heirs and affigns for ever.

On the death of Henry Pelham aforefaid, it pafied to his elded fon and heir John Pelham, efq. who gave it to his brother Henry Leiham, efq. a commiffioner of the cufloms, who is the prefen t proprietor,

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Tail of the POLUFUCA on the River LlFFEY.

FALL of POLUFUCA, on the River Liffy, near Dublin.

Sketched by the Rt, Hon. Lord Vif. CARLOW, and Painted by PAUL SANDBY, Efq. R.A.

Engraved by Mr. Scott.

/i LL the outlets of Dublin are pleafant, but that is fuperlatively fo which leads through Leixlip, a neat little village about {even miles from Dublin, up the Liffy, whofe banks being prettily tufted with wood, and enlivened by gentlemen’s feats, afford a variety of landfcapes, beautiful beyond defeription. Near this village is a venerable old houfe, feated on an eminence, where Lord Townfend fpent his fummers, while chief-governor; and which a late Lord Primate ufed as his country-feat.

In the fummer feafon it is much reforted to by genteel company from Dublin, and many parts of Ireland, to drink of a fulphurous fpaw, that emerges clofe by the margin of the river Liffy, a little below the village. At this village are fome falmon or water falls, the principal of which is about twenty feet high, with feveral Idler ones above it.

The Primate’s gardens here are extremely pleafing, on an eminence along the fide of the river, very fteep to the edge of the water, and Ikirted from top to bottom, with trees of various kinds, through which the roaring of the fall at the height of about iixty or feventy feet above it, has a very pleafing effeeft, with here and there a break through the wood, to get a peep down upon the river and the fall.

To a traveller unufed to feenes of this kind, it is really a moff diverting kind of entertainment to fee the many unfuc-cefsful efforts of thefe large and beautiful fffh to gain the top of the fall before they fucceed. I have often been highly diverted for an hour or two in the middle of the day, at this falmor.-leap. When they come up to the foot of the fall, you will frequently obferve them to leap up juff above water, as if to make an obfervation of the height and diffance, for by fixing your eye on the fpot, you will generally foon fee the filh leap up again, with an attempt to gain the top, and to rife perhaps very near the fummit, but the falling water drives them forcibly down again ; you will prefently obferve the fame fifh 'fpring up again, and rife even above the fall ;—this is as unfuccefsful as the not rifing high enough, for dropping with their broad Tides on the rapid curvature.of the waters, they are thrown back again headlong before they can enter-the fluid* The only method of fucceeding in their attempts, is to dart their heads into the water in its firft curvature over the rocks, by which means they nrft make a lodgment on the top of the rock for a few moments, and then feud up the ftream and are . prefently out of fight. One would imagine there-was fometbing inftin<2ive in this inclination of the .falmon to get up the ■fall ; for this is the point they are obferved, by the direction of their motion, generally to aim it; and the force of the ftream, on the top of the precipice, is undoubtedly lefs at the bottom of the water, and clofe to the rock, than it is on the furface of the rapid curvature. ’Tis almoft incredible to a Arranger, the height to which thefe filh will leap : often near 20 feet. And if the opinion that prevails here in general is true, that they fpring up from the bottom of the river, they mult fometimes rife 30 or40 feet. The manner of giving themfelves this furprizing leap, is by bending their tails almoft to their heads, and by the ftrong re-aeftion of.their tails againff the water, it is that they fpring fo much above it.—From the above defeription, an idea may be formed of the reft of this kind, of which there are many in the rivers of Ireland. — All thefe falls deferve the attention of the curious, but none more than that called Polufuca, exhibited in the annexed

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TINNIHIN CH Road, and the Town of BRAY,

in the County of Wicklow.

Sketched by Mr. Nixon, and Painted by PAUL SANDBY, Efq; R. A.

Engraved by Mr. Rider.

iHlS View is taken from the Tinnyhinch and Pourfcourt Road, about ten miles from Dublin. It commands a pleafing and extenfive profpeft of Bray Head (a mountain fo called), the Town, and part of Dublin Bay.

The town of Bray is pleafantly fituated, being clofe to the fea, and by reafon of being fo fhort a diftance as nine miles from the metropolis, many gentlemen have their country-feats in this place, fome of which are laid out with parks, woods, and lawns, in great tafte and elegance; and moft of the houfes being white, adds much to the beauty of the fcene, A little way from the town is a fmall but neat church, built within thefe twelve years, and a very good barrack, capable of containing a thoufand foldiers.

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