The dynamic response of railway tracks is a key factor influencing the operational safety and reliability of rail transport. Classical analytical methods for modelling track dynamics become insufficient at higher operating speeds, as they typically assume linear behaviour and cannot account for nonlinearities present in the fastening system or in the rail track foundation response. This increases the risk of damage, leading to traffic interruptions, financial losses, and reduced safety. To support predictive maintenance, it is necessary to develop databases based on in-situ measurements, complemented with synthetic data obtained from validated analytical and semi-analytical models. This paper presents such a model, designed to analyse how the parameters of the track foundation – including stiffness and damping – affect the track's dynamic response to loads generated by a moving railway vehicle. The model incorporates experimentally confirmed nonlinear stiffness of the fastening system, represented by a viscoelastic layer that provides continuous support for the rails.
