Basella alba L. (Malabar Spinach) as an abundant source of betacyanins: identification, stability, and bioactivity studies on natural and processed fruit pigments
Basella alba L. (Malabar Spinach) as an abundant source of betacyanins: identification, stability, and bioactivity studies on natural and processed fruit pigments
Basella alba L. (Malabar Spinach) as an abundant source of betacyanins: identification, stability, and bioactivity studies on natural and processed fruit pigments
Author
Sutor-Świeży, Katarzyna
Górska, Renata
Kumorkiewicz-Jamro, Agnieszka
Dziedzic, Ewa
Bieniasz, Monika
Mielczarek, Przemysław
Popenda, Łukasz
Tyszka-Czochara, Małgorzata
Baj-Krzyworzeka, Monika
Stefańska, Monika
Błyszczuk, Przemysław
Wybraniec, Sławomir
Published in
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Numbering
Vol. 72, Issue 6
Pages
2943−2962
Release date
2024
Language
English
ISSN
0021-8561
eISSN
1520-5118
DOI
10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06225
Keywords
decarboxylated and dehydrogenated gomphrenins betacyanins, betalains, Basella alba, plant, pigments
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of acylated and decarboxylated gomphrenins, as well as Basella alba L. fruit extract, were investigated in relation to gomphrenin, known for its high biological potential. The most abundant natural acylated gomphrenins, namely, 6′-O-E-caffeoyl-gomphrenin (malabarin) and 6′-O-E-4-coumaroyl-gomphrenin (globosin), were isolated from B. alba extract for the studies. In addition, controlled thermal decarboxylation of gomphrenin in the purified B. alba extract at 65–75 °C resulted in the formation of the most prevalent decarboxylated products, including 17-decarboxy-gomphrenin and 2,17-bidecarboxy-gomphrenin, along with their isoforms. The structures of the decarboxylated pigments were confirmed by NMR analyses. Exploring the matrix effect on pigment reactivity revealed a tremendous increase in the stability of all betacyanins after the initial stage of extract purification using a cation exchanger under various conditions. This indicates the removal of a substantial portion of the unfavorable matrix from the extract, which presumably contains reactive species that could otherwise degrade the pigments. Furthermore, the high concentration of citrates played a significant role in favoring the formation of 2-decarboxy-gomphrenin to a considerable extent. In vitro screening experiments revealed that the tested compounds demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human macrophages. This effect encompassed the selective inhibition of cytokine and chemokine release from activated macrophages, modulation of the chemotactic activity of immune cells, and the regulation of tissue remodeling mediators’ release.
Department
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
License
Licencja PK
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